基于文化生态的长阳土家族非物质文化遗产旅游开发研究

长阳被誉为"歌舞之乡",拥有众多非物质文化遗产。应用文化生态学理论,从文化生态学的角度探讨长阳非物质文化遗产旅游开发。长阳土家族非物质文化遗产具有显著的文化生态特性,并在长阳土家族文化旅游中凸显。在长阳土家族非物质文化遗产旅游开发上通过建立文化生态保护区,实现长阳地区旅游的可持续发展。     

农业文化遗产保护目标下农户生计状况分析

农户生计是农业文化遗产认定标准之一,也是影响农业文化遗产保护与传承的关键因素,在贫困地区,遗产保护与农户脱贫的两难困境更为突出。本研究基于可持续生计理论和分析框架,以全球重要农业文化遗产地——云南红河哈尼稻作梯田为案例区域,通过生计资本指标体系构建和量化,对比分析了不同生计途径农户的生计状况。评估结果发现,农户的生计资本均值为2.312,生计资本处于匮乏状态,金融资本值最低,而文化资本值最高。从事农业和打工是当前农户的主要生计途径,旅游接待成为生计拓展的重要形式。三类农户生计资本值和家庭年均收入排序相同,都表现为旅游接待户打工兼业户纯农业户,纯农业户的生计状况最差。从单项生计资本看,旅游接待户和打工兼业户的人力资本显著高于纯农业户,物质资本和金融资本比较中,旅游接待户显著高于其他两类农户,说明人力资本越丰富的农户越可能倾向于兼业,农户开展旅游接待需要较高的物质和金融资本作为基础。这意味着,农业文化遗产保护要大力提高农户的农业经营收益,延长农业的价值链和产业链,完善农村金融市场,开展旅游接待培训,从人力、金融等多方面改善农户生计资本状况,实现生计途径拓展。     

旅游资源资本化的机制和方法

针对目前我国旅游资源开发和管理方面存在的突出问题以及旅游实践发展的需要,提出“旅游资源资本化”--一种新的以价值为导向的旅游资源开发管理的理念和方法,强调了旅游资源的价值性、所有性和收益性。在国家政策和法律允许的前提下,旅游资源的所有者将旅游资源作为一种资本形态,与货币资本、实物资本、人力资本等一起投入到旅游开发活动中,进行市场化的开发、经营、运作和管理,从而带来良好的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益,使旅游资源实现价值增值,而旅游资源的所有者也从中获得经营收益。深入探讨了旅游资源转化为旅游资本的内部机制、外部条件、实现途径、方法模式等问题,指出旅游资源资本化有利于拓宽旅游融资渠道、优化资源配置、提高旅游资源的利用效率和开发管理的水平,实现旅游产业的可持续发展.     

水电开发对景区边缘型乡村旅游的影响与管治研究——以紫石乡锅浪硗水电开发为例

紫石乡背靠喇叭河自然保护区和红灵山景区,环境优美,乡村旅游蓬勃发展。以雅安天全县锅浪硗水电站为例研究认为:锅浪硗水电开发将会造成紫石乡乡村旅游-农家乐消失,乡村旅游环境恶化,乡村旅游吸引力下降,乡村旅游地生命周期发生重大改变等不利影响。研究结合紫石乡村旅游发展管治现状与水电开发存在的影响建立"至上而下"和"至下而上"相结合的管治组织体系,针对水电开发的不同阶段提出了相应的管治策略。     

长江经济带旅游资源开发强度与生态能力耦合协调关系研究

在国家生态文明战略的大背景下,探究旅游资源开发强度与生态能力的关系对实现旅游业可持续发展有重要意义.以长江经济带11个省市为例,根据2009～2018年统计数据,利用熵值、超效率DEA、耦合模型等研究方法深入探究旅游资源开发强度与生态能力二者关系及匹配程度,并利用GIS地理软件分析旅游资源开发强度与生态能力二者的耦合协调度空间差异性.研究发现:(1)长江经济带11个省市的旅游资源开发强度演化轨迹大体呈现"上升-下降-上升"的趋势,但在研究期间各省市旅游资源开发强度整体呈现增长态势.(2)长江经济带生态能力逐渐得到加强,其值从2009的0.692增长至2018年的1.169.(3)样本期间,旅游资源开发强度与生态能力属于极度耦合,两者存在强稳定强联系,且东部长三角板块协调度显著优于西部云贵板块协调度.长江经济带旅游资源开发强度与生态能力存在耦合协调关系,且旅游资源开发强度与生态能力二者交互发展处于高度匹配阶段,有利旅游产业可持续发展.     

自然文化遗产地控制旅游建设用地的补偿机制

通过分析自然文化遗产地控制旅游建设用地失效的原因。认为在目前我国规制手段不健全、管理体制不顺的情况下。城镇化和旅游经济高度发展的阶段．自然文化遗产地的农地流转为旅游建设用地将不可避免。在自然文化遗产地的保护和经济增长两个要素中间寻求一种动态的平衡，必须要充分发挥政府和市场的机能。设计一种机制使当地居民在受土地用途管制的同时向社会受益群体索取补偿。本文提出借鉴海外土地发展权制度，在自然文化遗产地配置可移转的土地发展权的内生机制．作为控制旅游建设用地“隐性市场”的有效管制方法。     

体验式温泉旅游开发路径研究

随着体验旅游时代的到来和温泉旅游的迅猛发展,体验式温泉旅游开发已成为大势所需。本文在前人研究的基础上,提出了客源市场需求分析——温泉旅游地资源分析——温泉旅游主题提炼——温泉体验项目设计——温泉体验氛围营造——温泉旅游体验营销"六步式"开发路径,即在明确市场需求和资源条件基础上,结合旅游地的文脉、地脉、商脉和史脉确定温泉体验的主题,进而设计出承载该主题的旅游项目,并塑造温泉旅游地的氛围,最后通过有效的营销方式打出品牌。     

全域旅游中传统村落保护和发展的陆巷样本

陆巷村历史文化遗存丰富,村落空间格局遵循"天人合一、道法自然"的生态文明理念,具有弘扬优良家风、传承优秀传统文化、发展乡村文化旅游的深厚文化基础。在全域旅游热度日益高涨的浪潮下,陆巷村逐渐成为乡村文化旅游聚焦的热门目的地,陆巷村的文化产业、休闲农业、旅游业得到蓬勃发展。随着陆巷村原住村民的文化自觉意识逐渐苏醒,原住村民对传统村落的情感依恋逐渐加深,原住村民与外来游客在总体上相处得非常融洽,原住村民与外来游客的良性互动促进了传统村落的活态保护与优秀传统文化的传承与传播。传统村落保护与发展的文化事业任重而道远,陆巷村在处理文化遗产保护与经济社会发展的关系时仍然存在着一系列问题,主要表现为传统村落中民居、祠堂、牌坊的产权复杂影响古建筑保护修缮的资金责任归属,物质文化遗产与非物质文化遗产的保护经费十分匮乏,急剧的开发性建设对传统村落的文化保护冲击较大。面对挑战与机遇,陆巷村敏锐地抓住了全域旅游全民参与的时代契机,在生产生活的具体实践中较好地处理了以传统村落保护促进文化经济发展、以文化经济发展促进传统村落保护的辩证关系。     

贵州喀斯特库区可持续旅游发展中存在的主要问题与对策

喀斯特库区是贵州省重要的旅游开发地 ,本文分析了其可持续旅游发展过程中所面临的主要问题 ,指出生态环境的脆弱性、人地矛盾的突出性、水利环境的限制性和管理权属的复杂性 ,尤其是急功近利的掠夺式浅层次重复开发是限制库区旅游开发的重要因素。对此 ,文章并提出了相应对策     

省级历史文化名城的“经济突围”——以四川省三台县为例的历史文化遗产保护模式

历史文化遗产作为全人类重要的物质与精神财富,已经得到了世界各国的公认。历史文化遗产作为城市重要的组成部分,与城市的文化、经济、生活具有高度的关联性,已成为城市密不可分的部分,其科学、合理的保护利用,也是学术界和政府经营城市的热点问题。本文立足城市经济发展为主导,从城市产业结构调整、用地性质置换、城市空间形态保护等方面探索城市历史文化遗产的保护途径,并将城市历史文化遗产作为城市发展的资源要素,提出历史文化遗产保护的新模式,充分发挥历史文化遗产的公共资源作用,为省级历史文化名城的发展实现"经济突围"。     

Formaldehyde in conventional homes in Taiwan

A survey was conducted in the humid environment of Taipei City during April and May of 1991, to investigate the indoor formaldehyde exposure and its health effects on 117 conventional households. The levels of formaldehyde were measured by the pararosaniline method. The details regarding construction, ventilation, combustion of fuel, burning of Chinese incense, and the complaints concerning the respiratory system were obtained by a questionnaire. The results show that the age of the pressed wood used in furniture and indoor decoration, the ventilation rate, the combustion of fuel, and the burning of Chinese incense significantly affect the levels of formaldehyde. The respiratory complaints found in this study were concluded here to be only partially accounted for by exposure to formaldehyde.     

Natural radionuclides in bottled water in Austria

Concentration levels of 226Ra, 222Rn and 210Pb were analyzed in domestic bottled waters commercially available in Austria. Concentrations up to 0.23 Bq/l, with a geometric mean of 0.041 Bq/l were found for 226Ra. Concentrations for 222Rn ranged from <0.12-18 Bq/l, the geometric mean being 0.54 Bq/l. Lead-210 was analyzed in selected samples, the concentrations ranging from <2 to 34 mBq/l, with a geometric mean of 4.7 mBq/l. Ingestion doses resulting from consumption of these waters were calculated for the geometric mean and the maximum concentrations of the three radionuclides. The effective dose equivalents for different age groups of the population due to the intake of 226Ra range from 0.001 to 0.22 mSv/y and of 210Pb from 0.0003 to 0.05 mSv/y. Ingestion doses from 222Rn are low compared to those from 226Ra and 210Pb, ranging from 0.0001 to 0.011 mSv/y for adults and children, respectively. The doses are compared to the total ingestion dose from dietary intake of natural radionuclides on an annual basis.     

Radon concentrations in a spa in Serbia

The paper presents the results of indoor radon concentration survey in 201 homes and offices in Niska Banja (the Spa of Nis), a well-known health resort and a spa in the South-East of Serbia. Radon indoor concentrations were determined by active charcoal method, according to standard EPA procedure. The indoor radon concentrations were in the range of up to 200 Bq/m(3) (47%), from 200-600 Bq/m(3) (26%) and over 600 Bq/m(3) (27%). Three areas of extremely high average radon concentrations were found (1,340-4,340 Bq/m(3)), with a maximum above 13,000 Bq/m(3). The content of natural radionuclides ((226)Ra, (214)Pb, (214)Bi, (235)U, (228)Ac, (212)Pb, (212)Bi, (208)Tl, (40)K) and (137)Cs, as well as the content of total uranium, thorium and potassium in mud used in peloidotherapy in the Health Institute "Niska Banja" was determined, too. The activities of the radionuclides were determined on an HPGe detector, by standard gamma spectroscopy. The results indicated considerably high amounts of total uranium and thorium (0.021 g/kg mud and 0.003 g/kg mud, respectively), due to the karsts origin of the soil.     

Precipitation-driven decrease in wildfires in British Columbia

Trends of summer precipitation and summer temperature and their influence on trends in summer drought and area burned in British Columbia (BC) were investigated for the period 1920–2000. The complexity imposed by topography was taken into account by incorporating high spatial resolution climate and fire data. Considerable regional variation in trends and in climate–fire relationships was observed. A weak but significant increase in summer temperature was detected in northeastern and coastal BC, whereas summer precipitation increased significantly in all regions—by up to 45.9 %. A significant decrease in province-wide area burned and at the level of sub-units was strongly related to increasing precipitation, more so than to changing temperature or drought severity. A stronger dependence of area burned on precipitation, a variable difficult to predict, implies that projected changes in future area burned in this region may yield higher uncertainties than in regions where temperature is predominantly the limiting factor for fire activity. We argue that analyses of fire–climate relationships must be undertaken at a sufficiently high resolution such that spatial variability in limiting factors on area burned like precipitation, temperature, and drought is captured within units.     

Participatory approach in vision setting: emerging initiatives in local municipalities in Japan

In this paper, we present the emerging practices in Japanese local municipalities, in which participatory methods are applied to envision sustainable future and relevant target settings. We selected three local cases: Higashiomi city, Kizugawa city and Nagakute city as emerging initiatives. A comparative analysis was carried out to identify commonalities and differences, and to derive lessons for appropriate governance and systems for participatory deliberation in future visioning. We argue that the deliberation processes served as a platform for effective communication, and that installing a mechanism that allows reflexive deliberation processes is the key to make participatory methods fully functional.     

Trends in lung cancer in London in relation to exposure to diesel fumes

Mortality from lung cancer among males in England and Wales is now beginning to decline, and the urban excess that has persisted for many years is also becoming smaller. There is nothing in these national trends to suggest that pollution from diesel vehicles, which has been increasing in recent decades, would be involved. Some preliminary results are presented from a long-term study of the incidence of lung cancer among London Transport staff, including men who work in bus garages where there are high concentrations of smoke from diesel buses. Over the 25 year period from 1950–1974 the numbers of cases reported in each of the several job categories have been below those expected on the basis of Greater London rates. The absence of data on smoking habits makes it difficult to determine whether the small differences in rates between job categories are of any importance, but the standardised mortality ratios are all well within the range of those found in national studies of lung cancer mortality and smoking in relation to occupation.     

Seasonal changes in radon concentrations in buildings in the region of northeastern Poland

In this study, seasonal observations of radon concentration changes inside buildings carried out in the northeastern region of Poland is presented. One-year measurements of radon concentrations were performed in chosen buildings. The integral method of Cr-39 trace detectors in diffusive chambers was used. Mean values of radon concentrations were determined in monthly, 2-, 3-, 6-month, and annual observations. The fraction of a mean annual concentration of the value obtained in a shorter observation was calculated. Monthly concentration values were from about 0.2 to 14.9 of the annual mean. All buildings revealed seasonal fluctuation of radon concentration. Negative correlation of indoor radon concentration in the buildings and the mean temperature outside was observed in most examined buildings. The lowest coefficient range, determining which part of the annual mean value would be obtained in the 6-month observation, was gained for exposure begun in April or October.     

Radium equivalent activity concentrations in concrete building blocks in eight cities in Southwestern Nigeria

The radioactivity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K were measured by using gamma ray spectroscopy in 130 concrete building blocks collected from block making sites in eight cities in Southwestern Nigeria. The results were used to compute the radium equivalent activity concentration for each city. The values of the concentrations of the primordial radionuclides varied widely within each city and among the cities. The weighted means for the cities range between 13.3 and 18.4, 28.2 and 71.6, and 176.2 and 336.8 Bq/kg for (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K, respectively. The city weighted means of radium equivalent activity concentrations for the eight cities range from 81 to 145 with a mean of 101 Bq/kg. The maximum for external hazard index was determined as 0.39. All the values are within the safety limits recommended by UNSCEAR [United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 1982. Report to the General Assembly, with annexes. New York, United Nations.].     

流域土地利用变化的水质响应研究进展

探讨流域土地利用变化的水质响应,有利于从源头上控制水污染。不同学者在多种边界条件下研究了流域土地利用变化的水质响应,发现流域土地利用变化是造成河流水质发生变化的重要原因。根据是否可以将土地利用活动概化为点状,流域土地利用变化的水质响应研究可分为点状土地利用的水质响应和非点状土地利用的水质响应。准确边界土地利用的水质响应一般是研究流域土地利用空间特征和土地利用结构与水质变化的关系。对于用全流域尺度还是用缓冲区的尺度分析土地利用的水质响应更准确仍存在争论。水域边缘几何形状影响了土地利用与水质的关系。