A review of the past,present and future of the European loss prevention and safety promotion in the process industries

In 2013, the European Federation of Chemical Engineering (EFCE) celebrates its 60th anniversary. EFCE has continually promoted scientific collaboration and supported the work of engineers and scientists in thirty European countries. As for its mission statement, EFCE helps European Society to meet its needs through highlighting the role of Chemical Engineering in delivering sustainable processes and products. Within this organizational framework the Loss Prevention Symposium series, organized throughout Europe on behalf of the Loss Prevention Working Party of the EFCE, represents a fruitful tradition covering a time span of forty years. The tri-annual symposium gathers experts and scientists to seek technical improvements and scientific support for a growingly safer industry and quality of life. Following the loss prevention history in this paper, a time perspective on loss prevention and its future is presented.     

The influence of organizational factors on safety in Taiwanese high-risk industries

Organizational theorists have recently begun to pay research attention to the workforces of emerging countries in Asia, especially the greater China regions. However, little research has focused on the influence of organizational factors on safety in these countries. This study hypothesized that organizational factors, characterized as safety leadership perspective (management commitment, blame culture) and safety climate perspective (harmonious relationships), would influence group-level safety management, which would in turn influence individual level safety awareness and practices. To test this hypothesis, a safety climate questionnaire was distributed to ten Taiwanese plants in high-risk industries. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the linkages among organizational level factors, work-group-level factors, and workers’ safety awareness and practices. We found that safety leadership style and organizational harmony in Taiwanese high-risk industries can exert significant influences on work-group processes, which in turn have greater effects on individual safety awareness and practices. These findings and implications can serve as a basis for safety improvement in areas of the greater China region.     

Safety leadership and safety performance in petrochemical industries: The mediating role of safety climate

This study examines the relationship among three latent variables: safety leadership, safety climate, and safety performance. Employees from 23 plants in seven departments of a petrochemical company in central Taiwan completed a questionnaire survey. From this, a sample of 521 responses was randomly selected. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis using the AMOS 5.0 was employed to test the hypothesized model relating the above-mentioned variables. The results indicate that the model was supported, and that safety climate mediated the relationship between safety leadership and performance. Practical implications of these results for process safety management in the petrochemical industries are discussed.     

Developing the injury prevention and safety promotion thesaurus,international English edition: An interdisciplinary tool for indexing and searching for research literature. Progress report 1

Introduction: Research relevant to injury prevention and safety promotion (IPSP) is conducted within more than 30 disciplines. A thesaurus under development identifies and clarifies important IPSP concepts from these disciplines and standardizes their corresponding terms.The primary function of the IPSP thesaurus will be as an indexing and search tool so that users can conduct online searches with satisfactory completeness but with a minimum amount of irrelevant material. Without this cross-disciplinary thesaurus, researchers may miss relevant information in parallel or disparate fields, which in turn may lead them to recreate information already developed or to miss important connections that could advance each discipline.Methods: The five-year development process involves (1) gathering candidate concepts and their terms by examining existing thesauri and glossaries, reviewing the archives of 30 professional journals, and analyzing search terms used by visitors to the SafetyLit website; (2) compiling the terms for IPSP-related concepts into a list with a categorical hierarchy; (3) convening panels of experts to advise the process and (4) publishing the final print and electronic versions of the thesaurus.Progress: This paper describes the overall project and its progress so far. We are currently working on compiling the structured list (step 2). To date, more than 8800 IPSP-related terms have been selected for inclusion. These terms are being defined and placed into a suitable taxonomic hierarchy created for this project.The paper also calls for additional expert panel member volunteers to provide their input.     

Loss prevention in the petrochemical and chemical-process high-tech industries in Taiwan

Industrial safety has noticeably improved in recent years in Taiwan. Despite these improvements, however, serious accidents including explosions, chemical releases, and fires have still occurred in companies such as the Fu Guo Chemical Company (2001), Sin Hun Chemical Company (2005), Motech Industries, Inc. (2005) and Nanpao Resin Co. (2010). These accidents resulted in great loss of life and property, and further caused demands for improvement. Chemical disasters usually result from the combination of several mistakes or gross carelessness and are seldom caused by a single episode. To ensure the safety of operating, handling and storing chemicals, as well as to prevent chemical disasters, one must take many critical points into account, such as techniques, manufacturing processes, operators, chemicals, and emergency response. In Taiwan, the hazards and risks of high-tech companies are higher than in other industrial sectors. Therefore, a variety of safety management methods and regulations appropriate for high-tech companies have been generated. We studied the current status of the indigenous loss prevention protocols based on the safety management of petrochemical and chemical-process high-tech industries in Taiwan.     

Prevention in the chemical and process industries: Future directions

This paper presents the current trends of future-oriented prevention management in the chemical-using industry. Two concepts leading to the next generation of managing prevention within chemical industrial areas are explained and discussed. The first concept concerns integrated design-based safety and security; the second concerns the collaboration of several chemical plants to increase sustainable development of their activities and their environment.     

Implementing falls prevention research into policy and practice in Australia: past, present and future

Introduction

Falls in older Australians are a significant public health issue with one in three older people falling one or more times each year.

Method

Many fall prevention randomized controlled trials have been conducted in Australia as well as across the world.

Results

The findings of these studies now constitute a substantial evidence base that can provide direction for health and lifestyle interventions for preventing falls in older people. This research evidence has contributed to health policy in Australia to some extent, but is yet to be widely implemented into practice. This opinion piece overviews previous policy initiatives and describes a new Partnership research program funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), which seeks to further influence health policy and address the ongoing research-practice gap.     

能源调整过程中的消防安全问题研究

能源安全是维持国民经济持续发展的重要保障,能源发展中的消防安全是确保我国能源安全的重要组成部分.本文根据能源发展战略,概述了目前我国能源发展现状,并以石油火灾为例,总结了火灾发生的原因和火灾发生与能源增长之间的关系.在此基础上,分析了能源发展过程中的消防安全问题,提出了相应对策,对能源消防安全管理的系统化和规范化具有一定的指导意义.     

The effect of integrated management system on safety and productivity indices: Case study; Iranian cement industries

Nowadays, with implementation of management systems and environment management and due to the influence of safety and health issues on working processes, organizations have also sought to acquire health and safety management systems. This study which aims to examine the influence of integrated management system on safety and productivity indices has retrospective experimental nature. It was conducted in Cement Factories in which three systems are used: quality, environment and safety systems. The collected data were: accident reports and the investigation of events in 6 years during 2005-2010 (3 years before and 3 years after the implementation of the system). The safety indices that used in this study are: IFR, ISR, FSI, and Safe T. Score. Then, the data analyzed with the T-test, mean and standard deviation. The results showed a significant difference between various safety indices before and after the implementation. The examination of production indices such as increasing rate of productivity and production indicates the influence of these systems on production and productivity indices. The results have showed that the safety system existence cannot ensure productivity increase. Indices definition can be helpful for the safety system effectiveness and system continual improvement. It is important to say that there might be various indices definition in different industries.     

安全工程本科专业实习基地建设探讨

实践教学是安全工程本科专业教学过程中一个重要环节,是提高理论与实践综合能力的必经之路。而实习基地是实践教学的平台,实习基地的建设对实践教学的效果起着至关重要的作用。以大工程教育观为指导,针对安全工程专业特点,在分析目前安全工程本科专业实习基地建设存在的问题基础上,运用国外大工程教育观的理念,从提高学生的综合素质,增强学生的工程实践能力,发展学生的创新思维和创新能力为目的出发,提出建设适应大工程教育的安全工程本科专业实习基地的建议。     

职业卫生监管与职业危害预防知识讲座(1)职业卫生工作与职业危害因素

1．什么是职业危害与职业危害因素？职业危害是指对从事职业活动的劳动者可能导致职业病的各种危害。职业危害因素包括：职业活动中存在的各种有害的化学、物理、生物因素,以及在作业过程中产生的其他职业性有害因素。     

The Bhopal tragedy: its influence on process and community safety as practiced in the United States

The chemical accident at 12:45 AM on December 3, 1984 in Bhopal India had a profound effect on the practice of chemical process safety in the United States. Fearing the possibility of similar events occurring in the United States, the United States Congress convened several hearings and investigations into the causes of the disaster. The inquiries focused both on the state of process safety within the US chemical industry and on the readiness of communities located near chemical operations to respond to sudden and dangerous toxic discharges. Of equal significance were concerns over the safety of workers in chemical plants. This paper reviews the major legislative, academic, and industrial changes initiated in the area of process safety after the event, their influence on saving lives, and on improving living conditions surrounding chemical complexes in the United States.     

Challenges and needs for process safety in the new millennium

Process industries have made quite a bit of progress in process safety since the tragic night of December 2, 1984 in Bhopal. Nonetheless, incidents continue to occur on a regular basis due to insufficient understanding of the urgency to identify best practices and drive for process safety improvements in the organization. This paper addresses some of the critical challenges in implementing effective safety programs: (a) failure to learn from past incidents and to capture those lessons into process design, procedures, training, maintenance, and other programs, (b) insufficient attention to leading indicators, and (c) an increase in complexity of process operations and lack of communication. In the presence of these challenges, there is a great need to develop better solutions by utilizing good science based approaches and best practice studies. Potential research areas include, but are not limited to, incident database analysis, reactive chemicals, inherently safer design, combustible dust explosion, facility siting, and the flammability of fuel mixtures and aerosols. In addition, an example was presented on LNG industry safety to illustrate that science-based research is needed to ensure the safe operation and to avoid or mitigate unintended consequences.     

太钢推行项目安全管理五抓到位的经验

以某工程项目为例 ,介绍了在安全保证体系 ,规章制度 ,单项安全措施、方案 ,现场“二无”工地 ,安全检查监督 5个方面的具体做法     

危险化学品安全管理的国内外主要政策法规比对分析

介绍了有关危险化学品安全管理的国内外主要法规政策,进行了政策法规的比对分析,在此基础上给出了相关建议.解读好法规政策的内容,有助于理解其技术内容和要点,更好地把危险化学品安全管理落到实处,最大程度地减少技术壁垒对我国出口危险化学品影响.     

贵州黔南州高层建筑消防安全调研与防火策略

对贵州省黔南州145栋现有高层建筑消防设施、消防装备、市政供水能力、居民的防火意识、自救能力等相关消防安全问题进行调查,将存在的问题进行了归类总结。结果显示黔南州高层建筑消防设施完好的只占总调查高层建筑的33.1%,大部分高层建筑存在不同程度的消防安全隐患,消防设备有待完善,居民的防火意识有待提高,黔南州高层建筑消防安全形势不容乐观,本文针对存在消防安全隐患的问题进行了分析,并提出了高层建筑防火策略。     

桐乡市安全生产监管工作的理论与实践探讨

桐乡市安全生产监督管理局在长期实践中针对安全监管工作难点、热点问题进行研究，不断归纳、提炼和总结工作理论，形成了具有示范推广价值和独具个性化特征的“五双”管理模式。安全生产监管工作中，坚持落实安全生产组织机构建设，推进企业安全质量标准化工作，突出安全信息管理，建设安全生产信息化管理系统，构建安全发展新理念，强化法制宣传教育，严肃安全责任追究；强化企业基础管理，狠抓事故源头控制；强化安监自身建设，增强监督服务本领；“五双”这一管理模式对提升企业本质安全；强化安全文化建设，提高全民安全素质都有重要的意义。     

煤矿安全氛围对险兆事件的影响研究

有效地管理煤矿险兆事件可以预防煤矿事故的发生.通过文献梳理与实地调研,研究了煤矿险兆事件的致因,分析了安全氛围与煤矿险兆事件的关系,并利用SPSS 16.0和AMOS 7.0软件对调研数据进行了统计分析.结果表明,煤矿的安全氛围影响员工的安全行为,员工安全行为直接影响煤矿险兆事件的发生.其中,安全沟通能力和员工的安全意识对安全行为影响最大.煤矿企业要通过各种方法提高员工的安全沟通能力和安全意识,以降低不安全行为的发生,从而预防煤矿险兆事件的发生.     

煤矿“三违”原因分析及对策

全面概述了煤矿中“三违”的主要表现形式,分析了“三违”产生的原因,最后提出了相应的对策和办法。