基于因特网的危险废物转移联单系统研究与开发

危险废物转移联单是跟踪危险废物转移和处理处置的基本方法 ,也是实施危险废物全过程管理的有效工具。然而 ,目前使用的纸质联单系统 ,运行过程繁杂、周期长、耗费人力和物力 ,与现代化管理不相适应。本文提出了符合中国国情的电子化转移联单解决方案 ,论述了系统的设计开发过程和运行情况。这一系统采用了因特网技术 ,能实现联单运行的电子化和自动化 ,简化运行过程 ,提高效率 ,为我国危险废物转移的电子化管理奠定了基础     

德国的工业危险废物管理

工业危险废物管理已是当务之急。德国有较成功的经验，文章介绍了德国对工业危险废物管理的过程和处理方法，供决策管理部门和同行借鉴。     

A comprehensive survey of graduate education and training in hazardous waste management

The United States Department of Health and Human Services through Wayne State University (WSU) has completed a study of hazardous waste education and training in the United States. The study documents university course work and degrees as well as non-degree continuing education short courses. Major portions of the study are based on a WSU sponsored survey in which 1469 four-year degree granting institutions were contacted. Of the 732 institutions responding, 113 were identified as offering course work of some kind in hazardous waste. Information on 499 distinct non-degree short courses was also gathered and evaluated. The purpose, methodology and results of the study are summarized in this article.     

北京市实验室危险废物产生量预测及管理机制建设建议

随着我国科学技术研发投入的快速增长,源自科研和监测等活动的实验室危险废物产生量迅速增加。但目前我国尚缺乏系统性的实验室危险废物环境无害化管理政策支撑,相应废物管理存在着较大的环境和健康风险。本文采用灰色系统模型预测了北京2021-2030年实验室危险废物产生量,系统总结、分析了国家和地方主管部门、高校和产业园区实验室危险废物管理政策的现状和存在的问题。结果显示,2021年-2030年北京实验室危险废物产生量将呈逐年增长趋势,预计2025年和2030年产生量分别为2.91×10⁴和5.20×10⁴ t,采用该方法和参数对全国实验室危险废物产生量进行简单地预测,预计2025年和2030年产生量分别可达133.17×10⁴和231.16×10⁴ t。在管理方面,仍存在政策不健全、收运处置困难、环保意识不足等问题,需进一步明确实验室危险废物责任主体,形成管理机制及指南。针对收集环节,建立高校定时定点收集处理和小微企业豁免相结合的收集体系,并进一步加强高校实验室危险废物能力建设。     

Towards sets of hazardous waste indicators. Essential tools for modern industrial management

Decision-makers require useful tools, such as indicators, to help them make environmentally sound decisions leading to effective management of hazardous wastes. Four hazardous waste indicators are being tested for such a purpose by several countries within the Sustainable Development Indicator Programme of the United Nations Commission for Sustainable Development. However, these indicators only address the 'down-stream' end-of-pipe industrial situation. More creative thinking is clearly needed to develop a wider range of indicators that not only reflects all aspects of industrial production that generates hazardous waste but considers socio-economic implications of the waste as well. Sets of useful and innovative indicators are proposed that could be applied to the emerging paradigm shift away from conventional end-of-pipe management actions and towards preventive strategies that are being increasingly adopted by industry often in association with local and national governments. A methodological and conceptual framework for the development of a core-set of hazardous waste indicators has been developed. Some of the indicator sets outlined quantify preventive waste management strategies (including indicators for cleaner production, hazardous waste reduction/minimization and life cycle analysis), whilst other sets address proactive strategies (including changes in production and consumption patterns, eco-efficiency, eco-intensity and resource productivity). Indicators for quantifying transport of hazardous wastes are also described. It was concluded that a number of the indicators proposed could now be usefully implemented as management tools using existing industrial and economic data. As cleaner production technologies and waste minimization approaches are more widely deployed, and industry integrates environmental concerns at all levels of decision-making, it is expected that the necessary data for construction of the remaining indicators will soon become available.     

Afriwaste The fixation and stabilisation of hazardous waste

The disposal of hazardous and toxic wastes is an area where utmost care and responsibility needs to be exercised. A certain (and mostly acceptable) level of care and responsibility has been legislated and is in place in most developed economies (UK, USA, Canada, Europe, etc.). This is, however, generally not the case in under-developed or developing economies, South Africa being no exception. This paper reflects on various disposal methods and describes a potentially economic alternative to existing methods of the disposal of toxic and hazardous wastes. These existing methods are: Disposal in Class I landfill sites and destruction via incineration.     

Chlorinated aromatics from the combustion of hazardous waste

The production and emission of chlorinated aromatics from a hazardous waste incinerator were shown to be influenced by the operating conditions.     

Factors influencing appropriate management of household hazardous waste in Nakhon Nayok,Thailand: A multilevel analysis

Household hazardous products contain hazardous chemicals, so when discarding these products a household hazardous waste (HHW) stream is created. HHW is a major environmental problem in Thailand, yet HHW has received scant attention so management is often inadequate or inappropriate. The objective of this study was to investigate the factors associated with appropriate HHW management in Thailand. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire completed during randomly assigned household interviews in Nakhon Nayok province, Thailand, between February and May 2017. The proportion of “appropriate management” was presented as percentage with its 95% confidence interval (CI). A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was performed to determine the factors associated with appropriate HHW management, with 663 households included. The proportion of appropriate HHW management was 23.4% (95%CI: 20.2% to 26.6%). Both individual and local government administrative organization factors had on an effect on appropriate HHW management, including (a) being female (adjusted odds ratio [OR]:1.59; 95%CI: 1.03 to 2.46); (b) household size (adjusted OR: 1.66; 95%CI: 1.09 to 2.54); (c) knowledge score vis-à-vis HHW management (adjusted OR: 1.78; 95%CI: 1.43 to 2.02); (d) appropriate HHW storage behavior (adjusted OR: 2.48; 95%CI: 1.60 to 3.83); and (e) appropriate HHW use behavior (adjusted OR: 3.97; 95%CI: 2.40 to 6.58). The government of Thailand might consider a program to increase appropriate management of household hazardous waste to mitigate public health and environmental contamination risks.

Implications: Household hazardous waste becomes a major concern in many countries, including Thailand. The household hazardous waste management should be started at the source first, because household hazardous waste is mixed with the municipal waste stream. Thus, this study finding will be important for policymakers such as government and local government and can be used to create a specific policy and campaigns for household hazardous waste management.     

我国固体废物分类体系构建的原则、方法与框架

健全的固体废物分类体系是固体废物管理工作得以有效开展的基础和前提,然而目前我国的分类体系构建进展较为缓慢。从我国固体废物分类现状和固体废物管理实际出发,借鉴国外关于固体废物分类的经验,提出了我国固体废物分类体系的构建原则、方法以及框架,以期为我国固体废物管理工作提供参考。     

Control of incidental asbestos exposure at hazardous waste sites

This paper discusses asbestos regulations that are not part of Superfund and examines how these regulations can help to identify, evaluate and manage the risk associated with Asbestos Containing Material (ACM) at hazardous waste cleanup sites. Unless one knows where to look for ACM at hazardous waste sites, it may go undetected even after all the traditional sampling is done. Although EPA is currently developing a policy for evaluating risk from asbestos exposure at certain Superfund sites, information from existing regulations can be used to manage hazards associated with asbestos exposure at hazardous waste sites. This paper also identifies where to find governmental agency personnel and consultants who may be retained for site-specific help.     

危险废物焚烧飞灰中重金属的稳定化处理

以上海市某危险废物焚烧厂飞灰为研究对象,采用Na2S、FeSO4、Na3PO4、和Na3C3N3S34种不同类型化学稳定药剂对飞灰进行了稳定化处理,并应用XRD、IR、SEM和连续化学提取法等仪器和手段对Na3C3N3S3处理焚烧飞灰的产物进行分析研究。研究结果表明,Na3C3N3S3对飞灰中的重金属Cr、Pb、Zn的稳定效果最好,Na3PO4对Cr无明显稳定效果。稳定后产物表面变得致密化,Na3C3N3S3与重金属离子生成的沉淀物干燥后无明显晶型存在。经稳定处理后飞灰中的重金属形态由弱酸提取态转化为可氧化态,减少了飞灰中重金属的浸出毒性。     

危险固体废物焚烧残渣的稳定化处理研究

采用常规危险固体废物稳定剂Na3 PO4、Na2S、腐殖酸以及工业固体废物电石渣对台州典型危险固体废物焚烧残渣进行稳定化处理.以残渣中污染最严重的重金属Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn的去除率为衡量指标,进行稳定化时间优化试验.结果表明,Na3 PO4、电石渣可在7d后达到较好的稳定化效果,且随着时间的延长效果稳定;而Na2S和...     

含苯酚危险废物的改进型Fenton氧化处理研究

建立以EDTA钠铁作为催化剂的改进型Fenton氧化体系,研究改进型Fenton氧化处理含高浓度苯酚危险废物的影响因素、处理效果和控制参数。研究结果表明,针对含苯酚污染土壤的自配样,当EDTA钠铁投加量为2μmol/g,15%H2O2投加量为0.1 mL/g,体系含水率为33%左右,反应时间60 min时,苯酚(含量为2 mg/g)的氧化降解率可达90%以上,反应后的体系pH约为5.7,便于直接进行固化稳定化等后续处理。该处理过程较传统型Fenton体系温和、安全,且适用于中性pH的体系,可应用于高苯酚含量且以固相无机质为主体的危险废物的快速应急处理。     

A systematic review on cigarette butt management as a hazardous waste and prevalent litter: control and recycling

Annually, over 5.5 trillion cigarettes are produced worldwide, and it is estimated that 4.5 trillion cigarette butts (CBs) are still being littered in the world. The dispersal of the CBs has caused this hazardous waste to be considered as one of the most important litters and environmental risks all over the world. This systematic study with the search protocol definition and keyword identification was developed to find the CBs control and recycling methods by searching in five scientific databases. Founded articles were monitored and finally, 35 related articles were selected and studied by the authors. The results of this study showed that CBs recycling methods have been tested in 10 specific categories all over the world. The CBs have been applied without any pre-processing methods in the bricks and asphalt production. However, other applications of the CBs such as the absorbent material production, vector control, and use as a biofilm carrier in wastewater treatment need various processing methods. The researchers also presented models and suggestions such as taxes, penalties, and public education for the control of CBs littering. Despite the innovative methods applied for the CBs recycling in previous studies, CBs have not received much attention in terms of pollutant control and environmental issues in recycling processes.

     

广州市城市生活垃圾管理系统规划

运用最小费用规划模型,选取运输费用以及各处理设施（包括垃圾焚烧、制肥、回收利用、 填埋和中转处理）的处理费用为因子,同时把经济收入作为负的费用从中扣除,对选取的三个规划方案进行了计算,得出了广州市市区城市生活垃圾管理系统处理的最低费用,并给出了市属8个区的垃圾量相应的处理设置。     

浙江省小微企业危险废物集中收运体系建设实践与思考

针对民营经济发达、小微企业众多、工业危险废物产生量少但种类多的情况,浙江省在全域“无废城市”建设中,以“政府引导、市场主导”为原则,建立了覆盖全省的小微企业危险废物集中收运体系,以破解小微企业危险废物处置出路难的问题。概述了浙江省小微企业危险废物产生及收运现状,并依据集中收运体系的准入条件和建设要求,梳理了全省小微企业危险废物集中收运体系的建设情况及发挥的效用,总结提炼了各地实施中取得的亮点经验,指出了政策体系、盈利模式等方面存在的问题。在此基础上,提出了今后进一步完善小微企业危险废物集中收运体系建设并可持续运行的思考和设想。本研究结果可为各地试点小微企业危险废物集中收运体系建设工作提供参考。