改性污泥活性炭对水中镉离子的吸附性能

以城市污水处理厂的剩余污泥为原料,氯化锌为活化剂制备污泥活性炭,对一部分污泥活性炭用6.0 mol/L的硝酸进行改性,并研究了未改性和改性的污泥活性炭对Cd2＋的吸附行为的影响。结果表明,在pH为5.0、Cd2＋初始浓度为100 mg/L、吸附剂投加量为2.0 g/L、反应温度为25℃时,未改性的污泥活性炭吸附容量为8.45 mg/g,硝酸改性的污泥活性炭吸附容量达到了23.35 mg/g。改性和未改性的污泥活性炭对Cd2＋都有较好的吸附容量,硝酸改性大幅度提高了污泥活性炭对Cd2＋的吸附性能。常温下改性污泥活性炭对Cd2＋的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式。     

Ozonation of aniline promoted by activated carbon

The removal of aniline from aqueous solutions by simultaneous use of ozone and activated carbon was investigated at different solution pH. For comparative purposes, single ozonation and adsorption on activated carbon were carried out in the same experimental set-up. In order to evaluate the role of the activated carbon surface chemistry during ozonation, a commercial activated carbon, Norit GAC 1240 PLUS, was submitted to oxidation in the liquid phase with HNO(3). The texture and surface chemistry of the activated carbon samples were characterized. During ozonation, complete conversion of aniline was achieved after approximately 20 min, regardless of the presence of activated carbon. In all cases, several by-products were formed during ozonation. Nitrobenzene, o- and p-aminophenol were the primary aromatic oxidation by-products identified. In terms of TOC removal, best results were achieved by the simultaneous use of ozone and activated carbon. Though there is a strong contribution of adsorption, a considerable synergetic effect between ozone and activated carbon is observed. In general, activated carbon promotes the reaction of ozonation enhancing the efficiency of this treatment process. The basic activated carbon presented greater activity in this process leading to higher mineralization rates.     

活性炭-臭氧体系处理含氰废水的作用机理

针对活性炭催化臭氧化降解低质量浓度含氰废水体系,研究了活性炭吸附、催化作用在催化臭氧化体系中的作用,提出了吸附-催化臭氧化协同作用机理。在活性炭-臭氧体系中,活性炭吸附CN-的能力很弱,活性炭在反应体系中主要起了吸附、催化臭氧的作用。活性炭-臭氧体系降解CN-的过程是臭氧直接氧化、活性炭吸附臭氧与活性炭催化臭氧产生.OH自由基间接氧化三者共同作用的结果。     

浸渍-碱性微波法载磁活性炭粉对壬基酚的吸附

利用浸渍-碱性微波法制备载磁粉末活性炭,通过等温吸附实验和动力学吸附实验,研究对比了其与原料活性炭、浸渍载铁活性炭对壬基酚的吸附性能。采用氮气吸附仪、FTIR、XRD、国标(GB/T12496.19-1999)邻菲啰啉分光度法及VSM,分别对3种样品进行了物相结构、表面官能团、铁含量及磁性能的分析,并探讨了吸附机理。结果表明,浸渍-碱性微波法载磁活性炭的总孔容及孔隙率均有较大提高;其吸附等温线符合Freundich方程,吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学方程与孔道内扩散模型,相关系数R2均大于0.900。原活性炭经一定浓度的铁盐溶液浸渍后,铁含量由2%提高到8%。在碱性、N2气氛条件下微波后,铁系物主要存在形式为零价铁和Fe3O4,制得的载磁活性炭饱和磁化强度为1.12 emu/g。     

褐煤活性炭吸附处理焦化废水

研究褐煤活性炭吸附处理焦化废水的性能,为褐煤活性炭用于废水处理提供理论依据和技术指导。以河南某气化厂的焦化废水为吸附原水,进行褐煤活性炭对酚吸附性能的静态和动态实验。静态实验表明,褐煤活性炭对酚的吸附性能符合弗兰德里希（Freundlich）吸附方程式。在室温条件下,对于150 mL焦化废水,当活性炭的用量为10 g,吸附反应时间为1 h,酚的去除率可达92%以上。动态实验研究表明,当进水酚浓度为3 800 mg/L,吸附1.5 h,活性炭的吸附容量可达21.38 mg/g。水处理的实验研究表明,利用褐煤制备的活性炭,对焦化废水具有良好的处理效果。     

废活性炭微波再生新工艺的研究

提出用微波加热-二氧化碳活化法再生乙酸乙烯合成用触媒载体废活性炭工艺.采用条件实验法研究了活化时间、二氧化碳流量和微波功率对活性炭碘吸附值,亚甲基蓝吸附值和再生得率的影响,得到微波辐射加热二氧化碳活化再生乙酸乙烯用触媒载体废活性炭的最佳工艺条件为活化时间25 min,二氧化碳流量0.2 L/min,微波功率700 W.在此条件下制得的活性炭碘吸附值为1158.02 mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值为240 mg/g、得率为74.19%.并对活性炭进行了比表面积的测定和孔结构的分析,活性炭的比表面积为1308.13 m2/g,总孔容为0.76 mL/g.     

烤胶废料活性炭对含铬废水的处理能力

介绍了微波照射下氯化锌法制取烤胶废料活的方法,用该方法所制烤胶废料活性炭处理含废水的结果表明,烤胶废料活性炭具有吸附容量大,过滤速度快,操作控制方便等优点,活性炭对铬的吸附容量是市售一级粉末活性炭的１．８倍。     

活性炭吸附化学战剂--沙林染毒水的试验研究

研究了 5种国产活性炭吸附水中沙林的性能及影响因素。果壳质活性炭的吸附性能优于煤质活性炭。果壳活性炭WP 2 0 2的吸附等温线方程为 qe=11 45C0 39e ,其粉状炭在 10min时能达到吸附容量的 98%。活性炭颗粒小则吸附速度快 ,温度升高不利于吸附。活性炭与水中的氯反应后 ,吸附性能下降 3 0 % ,在含盐量 2 0 0 0mg/L的苦咸水中吸附量降低 5 %。处理化学战剂 -沙林染毒水宜多种水处理技术相结合 ,并采用活性炭吸附作为最后一级处理单元     

活性炭对细菌浸出线路板中金属铜的影响研究

研究了活性炭对细菌生长和浸出铜的效应影响。结果表明活性炭的添加对细菌的生长有一定的抑制作用,但这种作用随着添加量的增加而减弱。Fe3+对Cu浸出速率较快,活性炭对浸出速率有一定的促进作用,但效果不明显,且最终Cu的浸出率只达到87%。活性炭的添加增大了浸出体系中的生物量,加速了对Fe2+的氧化速率,从而保持溶液中较高的Fe3+浓度,可以提高铜的浸出速率。但这种促进作用需要较高浓度的活性炭添加量才比较明显。     

Catalytic oxidation of TNT by activated carbon

Activated carbon can remove 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) from aqueous solution and promote oxidation of TNT. After equilibrating a 0.35 mM TNT solution with activated carbon (0.2-1% w/v), HPLC and GC/MS analysis confirmed the presence of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzaldehyde (TNBAld) and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TNB), and provided strong evidence supporting 2,4,6-trinitrobenzyl alcohol (TNBAlc) as an intermediate of TNT oxidation. After 6 d, TNT and its oxidation products were strongly bound to the activated carbon, while TNB was extractable with acetonitrile. Observations indicate that activated carbon catalyzes TNT oxidation to TNBAlc, which is readily oxidized to TNBAld and TNB in the absence of activated carbon under dark conditions. While adsorbed TNB was extractable with acetonitrile, activated carbon promoted rapid TNT oxidation and formation of unextractable residues. Strong binding is attributed to catalyzed oxidation of the TNT methyl group, probably through a free radical mechanism, and subsequent chemisorption of oligomers and polymerized products that are not desorbed from micropores. Our observations indicate TNT oxidation and bound residue formation after sorption by activated carbon increases the effectiveness of activated carbon to decontaminate water.     

给水曝气生物滤池内置粉末活性炭复合净水效果的研究

在给水曝气生物滤池内置粉末活性炭,对比分析其对各工艺单元水质净化效果的影响,确定给水曝气生物滤池内置粉末活性炭的作用与最佳投加量,研究表明,给水曝气生物滤池将活性炭截留在滤池内,大幅度提高了粉末活性炭利用率,部分未饱和粉末活性炭通过反冲洗排入后续常规处理系统,作为生物载体仍能够进一步发挥生物强化作用。当粉末活性炭的投加量为8 mg/L时,砂滤出水氨氮、CODMn、浊度和色度均值分别为：0.02 mg/L,1.82 mg/L0,.46 NTU和6度,去除率分别达到99.6%、71.2%、99.1%和80.6%,出水指标达到《生活饮用水卫生标准（》GB5749-2006）和《饮用净水水质标准（》CJ94-2005）规定的标准。与常规工艺相比,投加量降低了20%～60%。     

微波辐照载甲苯活性炭再生研究

研究在微波辐照条件下,活性炭量、微波功率、载气量、加热时间等因素对载甲苯活性炭脱附的影响,在正交实验中,各个影响因素的重要性排序为:氮气流量、活性炭量、辐照时间、微波功率,最佳的操作工况为:活性炭量9 g、载气流量300 mL/min、辐照时间120 s、微波功率500W,活性炭的脱附率在99.74%.     

活性碳纤维吸附甲苯废气吸附等温方程的研究

研究了固定床吸附器中粘胶基活性碳纤维（viscose rayon-based ACFs）吸附甲苯废气的特性，通过实验测定活性碳纤维吸附不同浓度甲苯废气的穿透曲线，作出等温吸附曲线。根据实验数据拟合出几个吸附平衡方程，并与实验结果进行比较。实验结果可为工业设备设计提供参考。     

活性碳纤维吸附甲苯废气吸附等温方程的研究

研究了固定床吸附器中粘胶基活性碳纤维(viscose rayon-based ACFs)吸附甲苯废气的特性,通过实验测定活性碳纤维吸附不同浓度甲苯废气的穿透曲线,作出等温吸附曲线,根据实验数据拟合出几个吸附平衡方程,并与实验结果进行比较.实验结果可为工业设备设计提供参考.     

废棉布制备活性炭影响因素与机理研究

研究了采用磷酸活化法制备废棉布活性炭的工艺条件。研究表明,废棉布活性炭吸附能力随着磷酸浓度、浸渍时间、活化温度和活化时间的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势。最佳制备条件为:磷酸浓度40%,浸渍时间24 h,活化温度500℃,活化时间30 min。此时制备的废棉布活性炭性能优于商品活性炭。另外,通过对最佳浓度磷酸浸渍的废棉布进行热失重分析,对磷酸活化废棉布制备活性炭机理开展了初步研究,研究表明磷酸活化废棉布制备活性炭过程分为水分蒸发阶段、炭化阶段、过渡阶段、活化阶段和煅烧阶段。     

Ozone injection into an activated carbon bed to remove hydrogen sulfide in the presence of concurrent substances

Adsorption using activated carbon is one of the most reliable techniques for preventing odor by substances such as H2S. Concurrent substances in effluent gas often reduce the removal capacity of activated carbon for H2S. As a means of restoring capacity under such conditions, ozone injection into an activated carbon column was examined. When activated carbon was saturated with substances such as toluene, ethanol, n-butanol, or iso-butanol, its capacity to remove H2S decreased in proportion to the amount of the saturating substance. Under such conditions, ozone injection greatly increased capacity. Toluene, which is not easily decomposed by ozone, was displaced by ozone and by oxidized products of H2S. Ethanol, which is adsorbed in small amounts by activated carbon and easily decomposed by ozone, was removed by ozone injection. Butanols, which are also decomposed by ozone and adsorbed in large quantities by activated carbon, showed intermediate behavior between that of toluene and ethanol.     

Production of sugarcane bagasse-based activated carbon for formaldehyde gas removal from potted plants exposure chamber

Agricultural wastes such as rice straw, sugar beet, and sugarcane bagasse have become a critical environmental issue due to growing agriculture demand. This study aimed to investigate the valorization possibility of sugarcane bagasse waste for activated carbon preparation. It also aimed to fully characterize the prepared activated carbon (BET surface area) via scanning electron microscope (SEM) and in terms of surface functional groups to give a basic understanding of its structure and to study the adsorption capacity of the sugarcane bagasse-based activated carbon using aqueous methylene blue (MB). The second main objective was to evaluate the performance of sugarcane bagasse-based activated carbon for indoor volatile organic compounds removal using the formaldehyde gas (HCHO) as reference model in two potted plants chambers. The first chamber was labeled the polluted chamber (containing formaldehyde gas without activated carbon) and the second was taken as the treated chamber (containing formaldehyde gas with activated carbon). The results indicated that the sugarcane bagasse-based activated carbon has a moderate BET surface area (557 m²/g) with total mesoporous volume and microporous volume of 0.310 and 0.273 cm³/g, respectively. The prepared activated carbon had remarkable adsorption capacity for MB. Formaldehyde removal rate was then found to be more than 67% in the treated chamber with the sugarcane bagasse-based activated carbon. The plants’ responses for this application as dry weight, chlorophyll contents, and protein concentration were also investigated.

Implications: Preparation of activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse (SCBAC) is a promising approach to produce cheap and efficient adsorbent for gas pollutants removal. It may be also a solution for the agricultural wastes problems in big cities, particularly in Egypt. MB adsorption tests suggest that the SCBAC have high adsorption capacity. Formaldehyde gas removal in the plant chambers indicates that the SCBAC have potential to recover volatile gases. The results confirmed that the activated carbon produced from sugarcane bagasse waste raw materials can be used as an applicable adsorbent for treating a variety of gas pollutants from the indoor environment.     

微波辅助-活性炭法处理电厂EDTA锅炉清洗废水可行性研究

采用微波辅助-活性炭法处理电厂EDTA锅炉清洗废水,研究了微波辐射时间、微波功率以及再生次数对活性炭吸附能力的影响,并根据实验结果设计了工艺流程,分析了微波辅助-活性炭法处理电厂EDTA锅炉清洗废水的可行性.研究表明,微波辅助-活性炭法处理EDTA清洗废水的最佳微波辐射时间和微波功率分别为5 min和680 W,微波辐...     

Microwave regeneration of activated carbon used for removal of solvents from vented air

A microwave regeneration of activated carbon used to remove organic solvents from vented air has been investigated. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), acetone, and tetrachloroethylene (TCE) vapors were removed from vented air through adsorption onto granular activated carbon. The saturated carbon was then regenerated in a microwave field, where the solvent was quickly desorbed and recovered from the inner pores of the carbon granules. The microwave-induced regeneration restored the original adsorption capacity and surface area of the activated carbon.     

沼液中臭味物质的去除方法及其对营养物质的影响

采用臭氧曝气法、粉末活性炭吸附法、颗粒活性炭过滤法、臭氧曝气-粉末活性炭吸附联用法、空气曝气-粉末活性炭吸附联用法对沼液中的氨气、硫化氢、吲哚、挥发酚类等主要致嗅物质的去除情况进行了研究,同时分析了不同方法对沼液中营养物质TN、DN、TP、DP等的影响。结果表明,采用粉末活性炭吸附法处理沼液,臭味物质的去除情况以及营养物质的保留效果最好,当粉末活性炭投加量为15 000 mg/L时,沼液中的硫化氢、吲哚、挥发酚已经完全去除,氨氮、氨气的去除率分别为11.42%、13.98%;DN、DP含量分别减少了10.46%、19.53%,但是TN、TP含量分别增加了6.26%、9.63%。