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1.
Scaling up a treatment to simultaneously remove persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals from contaminated soils 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Soil washing is a treatment process that can be used to remediate both organic and inorganic pollutants from contaminated soils, sludges, and sediments. A soil washing procedure was evaluated utilizing about 100 g samples of soil that had been field-contaminated with arsenic, chromium, copper, pentachlorophenol (PCP), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The highest level of mobilization/detoxification was achieved in three soil washes with a mixture of 0.1M [S,S]-ethyelnediaminedisuccinate ([S,S]-EDDS) and 2% Brij 98 at pH 9 with 20 min of ultrasonication treatment at room temperature. This combination mobilized 70% of arsenic, 75% of chromium, 80% of copper, 90% of PCP, and 79% of PCDDs and PCDFs, so that the decontaminated soil met the maximum acceptable concentrations of the generic C-level criteria regulated by the Ministère du Développement Durable, de l’Environnement et des Parcs for the Province of Québec, Canada.The organic pollutants were back-extracted from the aqueous suspension with hexane. Heavy metals were virtually completely precipitated from the aqueous washing suspension with Mg0 particles at room temperature. The PCP was detoxified by catalytic hydrodechlorination with a stream of 5% (v/v) H2-supercritical CO2 that transported the organosoluble fraction through a reaction chamber containing 2% Pd/γ-Al2O3.In toto, this soil washing procedure demonstrates that persistent organic pollutants and selected heavy metals can be co-extracted efficiently from a field-contaminated soil with three successive washes with the same soil washing solution containing [S,S]-EDDS and a non-ionic surfactant (Brij 98) in admixture. An industrial-scale ex situ soil washing procedure with a combination of a non-ionic surfactant and a complexing reagent seems to be a plausible remediation technique for this former wooden utility pole storage facility. 相似文献
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M. Sapiña E. Jimenez-Relinque M. Castellote 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(20):12091-12098
This paper explores the potential of a hazardous waste of difficult management, electric arc furnace dust (EAFD), as photocatalytic material. Starting from a real waste coming from a Spanish steel factory, chemical, mineralogical, and optical characterizations have been carried out. Direct trials on EAFD and mortar containing this waste have been performed to evaluate its potential as photocatalyst itself and within a cementitious material. The analysis of photocatalytic properties has been done by two different methods: degradation of NO x and degradation of rhodamine (RhB). As a result, it can be said that EAFD exhibited photocatalytic activity for both configurations with UV and visible light, having the mortar enhanced photocatalytic activity for NO x with respect to the EAFD itself. Additionally, in direct trials on the EAFD, it has been able to degrade RhB even in the dark, which has been attributed to transfer of electrons between the adsorbed RhB and the conduction band of some oxides in the dust. 相似文献
4.
Pavlović J Stopić S Friedrich B Kamberović Z 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(7):518-522
Goal, Scope and Background This paper is a part of the research work on ‘Integrated treatment of industrial wastes towards prevention of regional water
resources contamination — INTREAT’ the project. It addresses the environmental pollution problems associated with solid and
liquid waste/effluents produced by sulfide ore mining and metallurgical activities in the Copper Mining and Smelting Complex
Bor (RTB-BOR), Serbia. However, since the minimum solubility for the different metals usually found in the polluted water
occurs at different pH values and the hydroxide precipitates are amphoteric in nature, selective removal of mixed metals could
be achieved as the multiple stage precipitation. For this reason, acid mine water had to be treated in multiple stages in
a continuous precipitation system-cascade line reactor.
Materials and Methods All experiments were performed using synthetic metal-bearing effluent with chemical a composition similar to the effluent
from open pit, Copper Mining and Smelting Complex Bor (RTB-BOR). That effluent is characterized by low pH (1.78) due to the
content of sulfuric acid and heavy metals, such as Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Zn with concentrations of 76.680, 26.130, 0.113, 11.490,
1.020 mg/dm3, respectively. The cascade line reactor is equipped with the following components: for feeding of effluents, for injection
of the precipitation agent, for pH measurements and control, and for removal of the process gases. The precipitation agent
was 1M NaOH. In each of the three reactors, a changing of pH and temperature was observed. In order to verify efficiency of
heavy metals removal, chemical analyses of samples taken at different pH was done using AES-ICP.
Results Consumption of NaOH in reactors was 370 cm3, 40 cm3 and 80 cm3, respectively. Total time of the experiment was 4 h including feeding of the first reactor. The time necessary to achieve
the defined pH value was 25 min for the first reactor and 13 min for both second and third reactors. Taking into account the
complete process in the cascade line reactor, the difference between maximum and minimum temperature was as low as 6°C. The
quantity of solid residue in reactors respectively was 0.62 g, 2.05 g and 3.91 g. In the case of copper, minimum achieved
concentration was 0.62 mg/dm3 at pH = 10.4. At pH = 4.50 content of iron has rapidly decreased to < 0.1 mg/dm3 and maintained constant at all higher pH values. That means that precipitation has already ended at pH=4.5 and maximum efficiency
of iron removal was 99.53%. The concentration of manganese was minimum at pH value of 11.0. Minimum obtained concentration
of Zn was 2.18 mg/dm3 at a pH value of 11. If pH value is higher than 11, Zn can be re-dissolved. The maximum efficiency of Ni removal reached
76.30% at a pH value of 10.4.
Discussion Obtained results show that efficiency of copper, iron and manganese removal is very satisfactory (higher than 90%). The obtained
efficiency of Zn and Ni removal is lower (72.30% and 76.31%, respectively). The treated effluent met discharge water standard
according to The Council Directive 76/464/EEC on pollution caused by certain dangerous substances into the aquatic environment
of the Community. Maximum changing of temperature during the whole process was 6°C.
Conclusion This technology, which was based on inducing chemical precipitation of heavy metals is viable for selective removal of heavy
metals from metal-bearing effluents in three reactor systems in a cascade line.
Recommendations and Perspectives The worldwide increasing concern for the environment and guidelines regarding effluent discharge make their treatment necessary
for safe discharge in water receivers. In the case where the effluents contain valuable metals, there is also an additional
economic interest to recover these metals and to recycle them as secondary raw materials in different production routes.
ESS-Submission Editor: PhD Hailong Wang, hailong.wang@ensisjv.com 相似文献
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Hasan Md. Saif Karmakar Aneek Krishna 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(49):73675-73717
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Spent automobile batteries are one of the most significant secondary sources of harmful heavy metals for the environment. After being incorporated... 相似文献
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Arrested municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash as a source of heavy metals to the UK environment
Arrested fly ash samples from most currently operating municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators in the UK have been analysed for a range of elements. Some of the more important heavy metals ranged in concentration as follows: Cd, 21-4646 (median = 271) mg kg(-1); Cu, 296-1307 (642) mg kg(-1); Cr, 44-1328 (574) mg kg(-1); Ni, 45-2204 (74) mg kg(-1); Pb, 447-9704 (4337) mg kg(-1); and Zn, 2285-13,500 (9232) mg kg(-1). These concentrations represent considerable enrichments relative to median UK soil concentrations. Enrichment ratios (defined as median fly ash: median UK soil) were as follows: Mn 1.6; Co 2.6; Ni 3.3; Ba 11; Sr 11; Cr 15; Cu 35; Pb 108; Zn 113; Cd 387. It is estimated that MSW incinerator ash contributes c. 15 t Cd and 241 t Pb to UK landfill sites per annum. These figures compare with previous studies by Hutton & Symon (Hutton, M. & Symon, C. (1986). The quantities of cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic entering the UK environment from human activities. Sci. Total Environ., 57, 129-50.) which estimated that annual inputs to UK landfills from coal fly ash are c. 60 t Cd and 1270 t Pb. However, it is argued that metals associated with MSW ashes are potentially of greater environmental significance than in coal ashes, because they are much more available and present at much higher concentrations. 相似文献
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Aliste Marina Pérez-Lucas Gabriel Vela Nuria Garrido Isabel Fenoll José Navarro Simón 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(7):7222-7233
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - We have demonstrated the potential leaching of eight compounds, one insecticide (flonicamid) and seven fungicides (myclobutanil, penconazole,... 相似文献
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The ability of Azolla caroliniana to remove heavy metals (Hg(II), Cr(III), Cr(VI)) from municipal waste water 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The aim of this paper was to investigate the capacity of a small water fern, Azolla caroliniana Willd. (Azollaceae), to purify waters polluted by Hg and Cr. Many plants are capable of accumulating heavy metals (called hyperaccumulators) and one of them is the water fern A. caroliniana. During 12 days of the experiment the fern was grown on the nutrient solution containing Hg2+, Cr3+ and CrO4(2-) ions, each in a concentration 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg dm(-3). The presence of these ions caused a 20-31% inhibition of A. caroliniana growth, the highest in the presence of Hg(II) ions, in comparison to the control. After day 12 of the experiment, metal contents the solution decreased to 0-0.25 mg dm(-3), and this decrease comprised between 74 (Cr3+ 1.0 mg dm(-3) treatment) and 100% (CrO4(2-) 0.1 mg dm(-3) treatment). The fern took a lesser quantity of the metals from 0.1 mg dm(-3) treatments compared to 0.5 and 1.0 mg dm(-3) treatments. In the A. caroliniana tissues the concentration of heavy metals under investigation ranged from 71 to 964 mg kg(-1) dm; the highest level being found for Cr(III) containing nutrient solution. 相似文献
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Raklami Anas Meddich Abdelilah Pajuelo Eloisa Marschner Bernd Heinze Stefanie Oufdou Khalid 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(30):45683-45697
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Heavy metal (HM) pollution and the need to preserve the environment have gathered increasing scientific attention. The immobilization of HMs into... 相似文献
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Thanh Wang Jianjie Fu Yawei Wang Chunyang Liao Yongqing Tao Guibin Jiang 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(8-9):2445-2451
Scalp hair samples were collected at an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling area and analyzed for trace elements and heavy metals. Elevated levels were found for Cu and Pb with geometric means (GMs) at 39.8 and 49.5 μg/g, and the levels of all elements were found in the rank order Pb > Cu ? Mn > Ba > Cr > Ni > Cd > As > V. Besides Cu and Pb, Cd (GM: 0.518 μg/g) was also found to be significantly higher compared to that in hair samples from control areas. Differences with age, gender, residence status and villages could be distinguished for most of the elements. The high levels of Cd, Cu and Pb were likely found to be originated from e-waste related activities, and specific sources were discussed. This study shows that human scalp hair could be a useful biomarker to assess the extent of heavy metal exposure to workers and residents in areas with intensive e-waste recycling activities. 相似文献
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Implementation of a continuous-flow stirred bioreactor system in the bioremediation of heavy metals from industrial waste water 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The industrial applicability of immobilized non-viable yeast biomass (Saccharomyces cerivisiae) in continuous-flow stirred bioreactors was tested with respect to metal removal from electroplating effluent solutions containing Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn in excess of the stipulated water quality criteria. Two systems, a dual bioreactor and triple bioreactor system in series, were tested and compared regarding their efficiency of metal removal. The system containing two bioreactors linked in series provided a more efficient solution to the problem. The introduction of a third bioreactor into the system had a marginal effect on the amount of metal removed. Subsequent to treatment within the bioreactors the levels of Cu, Cr and Ni in the effluent complied with the stipulated drinking water quality criteria and, although in excess of these criteria only 18% of the initial Zn and 17% of the Cd remained in solution. 相似文献
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固体废物焚烧炉飞灰中重金属是造成自然环境空气污染的重要因素.通过对城市废物焚烧炉处理的调查研究,寻找到两种行之有效的固体废物焚烧炉飞灰中重金属萃取络合剂.进一步分析研究,给出此类萃取剂的萃取最佳时间为飞灰溶解处理之后20 h;萃取液最佳酸度为pH 3~10;萃取液最佳浓度为1.5%,使固体废物焚烧炉飞灰中重金属的萃取达到最佳效果. 相似文献
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采集广东某大型城市生活垃圾焚烧厂一期(WI-A)和二期(WI-B)的进厂垃圾、渗滤液、飞灰、底渣和烟气样品,分析了各样品中砷、镉、钴、铬、铜、汞、镍、铅、锌共9种重金属含量,研究重金属的迁移特征。结果显示,9种重金属呈现4类不同的迁移特征,钴、铜、镍、铬主要迁移至底渣中,锌、砷、铅主要迁移至底渣和飞灰中,镉主要迁移至飞灰中,汞主要迁移至飞灰和烟气中。活性炭吸附和布袋除尘器的组合对除汞以外的重金属治理效果明显。WI-A和WI-B垃圾中的汞分别约有28%、37%随烟气排到环境中。 相似文献
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The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential of an aquatic plant, the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) devoid rhizospheric bacteria, to reduce naphthalene (a polyaromatic hydrocarbon) present in wastewater and wetlands.The capability of sterile water hyacinth plants to remove naphthalene from water and wastewater was studied in batch systems. Water hyacinths enhance the removal of pollutants through their consumption as nutrients and also through microbial activity of their rhizospheric bacteria.Experimental kinetics of naphthalene removal by water hyacinth coupled with natural rhizospheric bacteria was 100% after 9 d. Plants, decoupled of rhizospheric bacteria, reduced naphthalene concentration up to 45% during 7 d. Additionally, naphthalene uptake by water hyacinth revealed a biphasic behavior: a rapid first phase completed after 2.5 h, and a second, considerably slower rate, phase (2.5-225 h). In conclusion, water hyacinth devoid rhizospheric bacteria reduced significantly naphthalene concentration in water, revealing a considerable plant contribution in the biodegradation process of this pollutant. 相似文献
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Natural populations in polluted areas are possibly subjected to selective pressures for an increased resistance to toxicants. This can result in the evolution of resistance, which may have important implications for decisions regarding safe ambient toxicant levels. By reviewing the evolution of resistance to heavy metals in aquatic organisms, we aimed to determine if all populations negatively affected by toxicants do adapt to them. If the published literature accurately represents the situation in polluted areas (i.e. negative results having an equal chance of being published), it can be concluded that most, but not all, populations in polluted areas do have an increased resistance. But it can usually not be determined if such an increased resistance has a genetic basis. There is less evidence for the evolution of resistance in metazoans (especially fish) than in micro-organisms. Additional information strongly indicates that many populations fail to survive in polluted environments. It thus seems dangerous to relax water quality criteria on the assumption that all populations in polluted environments will evolve an increased resistance. But the fact that the evolution of resistance to environmental pollutants does seem to occur in some populations in polluted environments warrants taking that possibility into consideration when evaluating the results of bioassays and monitoring programs. 相似文献
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Khayyam Nekouei Rasoul Pahlevani Farshid Golmohammadzadeh Rabeeh Assefi Mohammad Rajarao Ravindra Chen Yen-Hao Sahajwalla Veena 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(24):24417-24429
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Despite attempts to enhance the recycling of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs), the simultaneous recovery of major metals of WPCBs using an... 相似文献
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Converting environmental risks to benefits by using spent coffee grounds (SCG) as a valuable resource 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marinos Stylianou Agapios Agapiou Michalis Omirou Ioannis Vyrides Ioannides Ioannis M. Grivas Maratheftis Dionysia Fasoula 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(36):35776-35790
Coffee is perhaps one of the most vital ingredients in humans’ daily life in modern world. However, this causes the production of million tons of relevant wastes, i.e., plastic cups, aluminum capsules, coffee chaff (silver skin), and spent coffee grounds (SCG), all thrown untreated into landfills. It is estimated that 1 kg of instant coffee generates around 2 kg of wet SCG; a relatively unique organic waste stream, with little to no contamination, separated directly in the source by the coffee shops. The produced waste has been under researchers’ microscope as a useful feedstock for a number of promising applications. SCG is considered a valuable, nutrients rich source of bioactive compounds (e.g., phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, lipids, chlorogenic and protocatechuic acid, melanoidins, diterpenes, xanthines, vitamin precursors, etc.) and a useful resource material in other processes (e.g., soil improver and compost, heavy metals absorbent, biochar, biodiesel, pellets, cosmetics, food, and deodorization products). This paper aims to provide a holistic approach for the SCG waste management, highlighting a series of processes and applications in environmental solutions, food industry, and agricultural sector. Thus, the latest developments and approaches of SCG waste management are reviewed and discussed. 相似文献
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采用臭氧氧化污泥减量法对畜禽养殖废水SBR中的剩余污泥进行处理。当臭氧反应时间控制在30 min时,污泥的溶解比例在30%左右(以 MLSS计)。上清液中一定量的SCOD溶出可为生物处理单元提供充足的碳源,同时在上清液中,TN、TP及水相重金属浓度增加有限,臭氧氧化后的污泥液回流污水处理系统后造成的N、P处理负荷较小,重金属对污泥微生物的活性抑制风险较低。若继续延长臭氧的反应时间,上清液SCOD、TN、TP以及重金属Cu、Pb的释放速率明显增加,同时上清液的C/N降低,臭氧化后的污泥液回流反而不利于生物单元的脱氮处理。综合考虑TN、TP及水相重金属浓度增加的危害性,臭氧反应时间应控制在30 min,臭氧实际投加量应为123.1 mg O3/g SS。 相似文献