Photocatalytic oxidation of NOx using composite sheets containing TiO2 and a metal compound

The photocatalytic oxidation of nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) over titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) sheets containing metal compounds (MCs) had been studied. Calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)), aluminium oxide (Al(2)O(3)) and ferric oxide (Fe(2)O(3)) were used as MCs. Al(2)O(3) and Fe(2)O(3) added to the TiO(2) sheet did not affect the photooxidation of nitrogen oxides (NO(x)). The CaO sheet treated with TiO(2) sol had the greatest efficiency as a NO(x) remover under UV irradiation. It is believed that CaO has a high adsorptivity for nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and nitric acid (HNO(3)). The amount of NO(x) removed by a TiO(2) sheet including MC showed a tendency to increase with increasing pH of the MC suspension, i.e. there is a good correlation between the alkalinity of the MC and the retention of NO(2) and HNO(3).     

In situ hydrothermal fabrication of visible light-driven g-C3N4/SrTiO3 composite for photocatalytic degradation of TC

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A series of g-C3N4/SrTiO3 (CN/SrTiO3) composites with the different mass ratio of g-C3N4 were prepared by facile in situ hydrothermal growth method,...     

纳米TiO2/活性炭复合光催化剂的制备及其对甲醛气体降解

研究了纳米TiO2/活性炭复合光催化剂对空气中典型污染气体甲醛的光催化降解特性。采用扫描电镜（SEM）表征复合催化剂的表面特征。结果显示,经改性后的纳米TiO2在复合催化剂表面分布均匀,呈球状。对甲醛气体的降解实验显示TiO2负载量为1%时对甲醛的去除效果最好,6 h去除率为61.7%。结果显示复合催化剂把甲醛气体分解成CO2,可以直接排空,无二次污染。     

Enhanced photocatalytic removal of amoxicillin with Ag/TiO2/mesoporous g-C3N4 under visible light: property and mechanistic studies

In present study, an efficient ternary Ag/TiO₂/mesoporous g-C₃N₄ (M-g-C₃N₄) photocatalyst was successfully synthesized through depositing Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of TiO₂/M-g-C₃N₄ heterojunction. Ag/TiO₂/M-g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite displayed the highest degradation efficiency for amoxicillin (AMX) compared to TiO₂/M-g-C₃N₄ heterojunction, M-g-C₃N₄, and bulk-g-C₃N₄ (B-g-C₃N₄). The removal efficiency of AMX in real situation, surface water (SW), hospital wastewater (HW), and waste water treatment plant (WWTP) also were studied to illustrate the effectiveness of Ag/TiO₂/M-g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts. The vulnerable atoms in AMX structure were revealed through DFT calculation. Additionally, the dominating active groups produced in time of the photocatalytic procedure were determined on account of free radical trapping experiments and ESR spectra. The mechanism of photocatalytic degradation was proposed and verified. The transfer of the electrons and the inhibition of the recombination of photogenerated electron-holes were enhanced effectively under the synergistic effect of the Ag NPs and TiO₂. As a consequence, the catalytic activity of the composite was improved under visible light.

     

TiO2薄膜光催化降解双酚A的研究

采用sol-gel法制备TiO2薄膜。以该薄膜为催化剂，研究了在H2O2存在的条件下，对内分泌干扰物质双酚A的光催化降解反应。分别讨论了pH值、H2O2的加入量、双酚A的初始浓度以及光照时间对降解反应的影响。结果表明，在pH=4，30mg／L的H2O2中对初始浓度为50mg／L的双酚A溶液光照180min有较好的降解效果。     

Enhancement of photocatalytic oxidation of humic acid in TiO2 suspensions by increasing cation strength

This study aimed at improving the photocatalytic (PC) oxidation of humic acids (HA) in TiO2 suspensions by adding cationic ion such as calcium or magnesium. A set of tests was first conducted in the dark to study the adsorption of HA onto TiO2 in suspensions at different pH and calcium concentrations. The experiment demonstrated that the adsorption of HA onto the TiO2 particles was either pH-dependent or calcium strength-dependent due to electrostatic interaction and calcium ion bridging. The photodegradation of HA in the presence of UV irradiation was investigated as a function of pH and the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions. The results showed that the adsorption behavior between HA and TiO2 played a very important role during the PC oxidation process. The PC oxidation could be enhanced at neutral pH by increasing the cation strength. The kinetics of HA PC degradation in TiO2 suspensions with different initial concentrations was also studied using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model.     

Effect of ZnFe2O4 doping on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2

The photocatalytic oxidation of the organic pollutants with the TiO2 as photocatalyst has been widely studied in the world, and many achievements have been got. The degradation of pollutants is highly related with the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. It is demonstrated that doping ions or oxides to TiO2 is one way to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. In this paper, the ZnFe2O4-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared from butyl titanate by a sol-gel method and characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that when TiO2 was doped with ZnFe2O4, its particle size will decrease and its crystal structure will partly transform from anatase to rutile. The photocatalytic activity of the elaborated powders was studied following the degradation of Rhodamine B. The results showed that doping ZnFe2O4 to TiO2 will enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and that ZnFe2O4-doped TiO2 in the coexistence of anatase and rutile has higher efficiency for the degradation of Rhodamine B than that in the anatase phase alone. Also the different role of O2 in the direct photolysis and photocatalysis of Rhodamine B was discussed.     

A comprehensive systematic review of photocatalytic degradation of pesticides using nano TiO2

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study has systematically reviewed all of the research articles about the photocatalytic degradation of pesticides using titanium dioxide (TiO2)...     

TiO2光催化对微滤去除腐殖酸的膜污染控制研究

着重研究了不同紫外灯光源和照射时间条件下,TiO2光催化（PCO）对微滤去除腐殖酸过程中的膜污染控制,并探讨了膜污染的控制机理。研究结果表明,TiO2光催化能有效提高微滤对腐殖酸的去除,同时降低膜通量的下降,起到有效控制膜污染的作用。进一步的实验分析表明,TiO2光催化控制膜污染的主要机理在于将腐殖酸降解为易于被TiO2吸附的小分子量物质,吸附腐殖酸降解产物后的TiO2聚合颗粒粒径增大,易于在膜表面形成更为松散的沉积层,并使膜污染从以膜孔堵塞和沉积层污染为主转化为以沉积层污染为主的可逆性污染。     

Photoassisted and photocatalytic degradation of sulfur mustard using TiO2 nanoparticles and polyoxometalates

The decomposition of highly toxic chemical warfare agent, sulfur mustard (bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide or HD), has been studied by homogeneous photolysis and heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation on titania nanoparticles. Direct photolysis degradation of HD with irradiation system was investigated. The photocatalytic degradation of HD was investigated in the presence of TiO₂ nanoparticles and polyoxometalates embedded in titania nanoparticles in liquid phase at room temperature (33?±?2 °C). Degradation products during the treatment were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Whereas apparent first-order kinetics of ultraviolet (UV) photolysis were slow (0.0091 min^?1), the highest degradation rate is obtained in the presence of TiO₂ nanoparticles as nanophotocatalyst. Simultaneous photolysis and photocatalysis under the full UV radiation leads to HD complete destruction in 3 h. No degradation products observed in the presence of nanophotocatalyst without irradiation in 3 h. It was found that up to 90 % of agent was decomposed under of UV irradiation without TiO₂, in 6 h. The decontamination mechanisms are often quite complex and multiple mechanisms can be operable such as hydrolysis, oxidation, and elimination. By simultaneously carrying out photolysis and photocatalysis in hexane, we have succeeded in achieving faster HD decontamination after 90 min with low catalyst loading. TiO₂ nanoparticles proved to be a superior photocatalyst under UV irradiation for HD decontamination.     

Photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous DMF using thin film TiO2 photocatalyst

The heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous N,N'-dimethylformamide (DMF) widely used in the manufacture of synthetic leather and synthetic textile was investigated. The experiments were carried out in a plug flow annular photoreactor coated with Degussa P-25 TiO2. The oxidation rate was dependent on DMF concentration, reaction temperature, water vapor, and oxygen content. Photocatalytic deactivation was observed in these reactions. The Levenspiel deactivation kinetic model was used to describe the decay of catalyst activity. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was used to characterize the surface and the deactivation mechanism of the photocatalyst. Results revealed that carbonylic acids, aldehydes, amines, carbonate and nitrate were adsorbed on the TiO2 surface during the photocatalytic reaction. The ions, NH4+ and NO3-, causing the deactivation of catalysts were detected on the TiO2 surface. Several treatment processes were applied to find a suitable procedure for the regeneration of catalytic activity. Among these procedures, the best one was found to be the H2O2/UV process.     

TiO2半导体光催化反应器的研究进展

光催化氧化作为一种高级氧化技术,在环境污染控制方面得到了较快的发展.主要介绍了国内外近年来有关光催化反应中其反应器的设计与研究进展情况,按催化剂在反应器中的存在状态分类论述了各种反应器的结构原理和主要特点,以及反应器在设计中存在的问题和今后发展的方向.     

SO2的气相光催化氧化及催化剂的失活和再生研究

在模拟大气环境中，紫外光照射以及纳米TiO2光催化剂的作用下，气相无机污染物SO2被完全氧化为SO2或H2SO4。本文提出了SO2的非均相光催化氧化机理，并得出光催化反应速率符合一级动力学过程；经过连续使用之后，TiO2的光催化活性降低，最后活性消失；经过水洗之后，失活的TiO2可以得到再生。失活的TiO2和新鲜的TiO2的IR和XPS光谱差异表明，失活的TiO2表面存在H2SO4，其被认为是使催化剂失活的成分。     

Pd/N共掺杂TiO2的制备及其光催化降解苯酚的研究

将纳米管钛酸浸入含尿素和金属(Pd)硝酸盐的乙醇溶液中,乙醇超声挥发后所得样品先在空气气氛、600℃下煅烧,再在H2气氛、400℃下热还原制备得到Pd/N共掺杂TiO2光催化剂(Pd/N-TiO2)。利用光电子能谱(XPS)仪研究了催化剂表面N、Pd元素的化学态。结果表明,N元素以Ti—O—N形式存在,Pd元素以单质金属状态存在。考察了Pd/N-TiO2的紫外光光催化降解苯酚的活性,与单纯TiO2光催化剂和N掺杂TiO2光催化剂相比,Pd/N-TiO2活性明显提高。研究了催化剂用量、苯酚初始浓度和pH、O2流量以及外加双氧水等条件对紫外光光催化降解苯酚的活性的影响,得到光催化降解苯酚的最佳工艺条件:苯酚初始质量浓度为120mg/L,催化剂用量为0.10g/L,苯酚溶液初始pH为8,O2流量为80mL/min,加入适量双氧水。     

Visible-light-induced photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) with coupled Bi2O3/TiO2 photocatalyst and the synergistic bisphenol A oxidation

Coupled Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ photocatalysts were fabricated by sol–gel and hydrothermal methods and characterized using various spectroscopy techniques. Photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution, together with the synergistic effect of photodegradation of bisphenol A (BPA), was investigated using these coupled Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ under visible-light irradiation. Coupling of Bi₂O₃ inhibited the phase transformation from anatase to rutile and extended absorption region to visible light. Bi ions did not enter TiO₂ lattice and were more likely to bond with oxygen atoms to form Bi₂O₃ on the surface of TiO₂. Photovoltage signals in visible range revealed the effective interfacial charge transfer between Bi₂O₃ and TiO₂. Two percent Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity of visible-light-induced reduction of Cr(VI). The addition of BPA effectively increased the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI). Simultaneously, the presence of Cr(VI) promoted the degradation of BPA, which was demonstrated by the investigation of TOC removal yield and generated intermediates. A possible mechanism of photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) and degradation of BPA in Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ system was proposed. The synergistic effect, observed between reduction of Cr(VI) and degradation of BPA, provides beneficial method for environmental remediation and purification of the complex wastewater.     

Highly efficient degradation of ofloxacin by UV/Oxone/Co2+ oxidation process

Introduction

In this study, UV/Oxone/Co²⁺ oxidation process was applied to degradation of ofloxacin (OFL) in the presence of Co²⁺ as the catalytic and Oxone as the oxidant. The operation parameters including pH, temperature, dosages of reagents, and reaction time were studied in detail.

Results

The results showed that the optimum conditions for the UV/Oxone/Co²⁺ processes were determined as follows: temperature?=?25°C, pH?=?5.0, [Oxone]?=?0.6?mmol/L, [Oxone]/[Co²⁺]?=?1,000, and reaction time?=?60?min. Under these conditions, 100% of the OFL degraded. The kinetics was also studied, and degradation of OFL by the UV/Oxone/Co²⁺ process could be described by first-order kinetics.

Conclusions

Mineralization of the process was investigated by measuring the total organic carbon (TOC), and the TOC decreased by 87.0% after 60?min. This process could be used as a pretreatment method for wastewater containing ofloxacin.     

Removal of humic acid using TiO2 photocatalytic process--fractionation and molecular weight characterisation studies

The photocatalytic removal of humic acid (HA) using TiO₂ under UVA irradiation was examined by monitoring changes in the UV₂₅₄ absorbance, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, apparent molecular weight distribution, and trihalomethane formation potentials (THMFPs) over treatment time. A resin fractionation technique in which the samples were fractionated into four components: very hydrophobic acids (VHA), slightly hydrophobic acids, hydrophilic charged (CHA) and hydrophilic neutral (NEU) was also employed to elucidate the changes in the chemical nature of the HA components during treatment. The UVA/TiO₂ process was found to be effective in removing more than 80% DOC and 90% UV₂₅₄ absorbance. The THMFPs of samples were decreased to below 20 μg l⁻¹ after treatments, which demonstrate the potential to meet increasingly stringent regulatory level of trihalomethanes in water. Resin fractionation analysis showed that the VHA fraction was decreased considerably as a result of photocatalytic treatments, forming CHA intermediates which were further degraded with increased irradiation time. The NEU fraction, which comprised of non-UV-absorbing low molecular weight compounds, was found to be the most persistent component.     

Visible-light-responsive photocatalytic inactivation of ofloxacin-resistant bacteria by rGO modified g-C3N4

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The visible light responsive graphitic nitride (g-C3N4) mediated photocatalysis has drawn extensive attention in water treatment field....     

溴掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备与性能研究

以KBr和Ti（SO4）2为原料,通过水热法制备了高催化活性的溴掺杂纳米TiO2（Br-TiO2）光催化剂,利用XRD、XPS、TEM、BET和UV-Vis DRS等测试手段对其进行了表征。通过苯酚降解实验评价了Br-TiO2的光催化活性。结果表明,700℃焙烧、溴与钛的摩尔比为0.35∶1时,Br-TiO2具有最佳光催化活性。该催化剂为晶体发育完整的锐钛矿相TiO2,粒径平均大小为50 nm,比表面积为16.81 m2/g,在紫外区的吸收得到加强,光催化能力优于Degussa P-25。确定了降解苯酚的最佳条件：催化剂投加量为0.5 g/L,苯酚初始浓度为10 mg/L,pH值为6.0。     

Solar TiO2-assisted photocatalytic degradation of IGCC power station effluents using a Fresnel lens

The heterogeneous TiO2 assisted photocatalytic degradation of wastewater from a thermoelectric power station under concentrated solar light irradiation using a Fresnel lens has been studied. The efficiency of photocatalytic degradation was determined from the analysis of cyanide and formate removal. Firstly, the influence of the initial concentration of H2O2 and TiO2 on the degradation kinetics of cyanides and formates was studied based on a factorial experimental design. Experimental kinetic constants were fitted using neural networks. Results showed that the photocatalytic process was effective for cyanides destruction (mainly following a molecular mechanism), whereas most of formates (degraded mainly via a radical path) remained unaffected. Finally, to improve formates degradation, the effect of lowering pH on their degradation rate was evaluated after complete cyanide destruction. The photooxidation efficiency of formates reaches a maximum at pH around 5-6. Above pH 6, formate anion is subjected to electrostatic repulsion with the negative surface of TiO2. At pH<4.5, formate adsorption and photon absorption are reduced due to some catalyst agglomeration.