共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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根据一真实火灾调查报告设定了真实大空间建筑物开口情况和材料燃烧性能参数,建立了FDS(Fire Dy-namics Simulator)物理模型。计算了火灾释热速率以及着火大空间烟气的温度场和一氧化碳浓度场的变化。研究结果表明:火灾短时间发生轰燃,随后发生回燃。轰燃是导致大量人员死亡的1个重要原因;回燃没有引起各点烟气的温度和一氧化碳浓度显著的提高,但对各点烟气的温度和一氧化碳浓度的保持起到较大作用。 相似文献
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国外几次震后火灾的对比研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
震后起火是国外几次大的普遍现象。本文通过对国外几次震后火灾的对比分析,归纳总结了引发震后火灾的主要因素及震后火灾的特点。震后火灾与生命线系统的破坏有密切关系,本文从震后火灾的机理出发,提出了用事件树模型预测供气供电系统引发震后火灾的方法。 相似文献
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突发公共危机管理的思考 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
建立健全应对自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生和社会安全等方面的社会预警体系,形成统一指挥、功能齐全、反应灵敏、运转高效的应急机制,提高保障公共安全和处置突发事件的能力,是政府全面履行职能,特别是加强社会管理和公共服务职能的一项重要任务,也是构建和谐社会的一项重要任务。我国改革开放和现代化建设事业步伐的加快和不断深入,已经将克服不稳定因素、防范突发公共危机的任务提了出来。 相似文献
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钢索在大空间建筑火灾升温条件下的力学反应是评价索网结构抗火性能的关键依据。基于非线性有限元方法,建立了钢索在高温下的力学分析模型,模拟了大空间建筑火灾升温历程中钢索力学反应全过程,用参数分析方法得到影响钢索在火灾升温历程中力学反应的关键因素。结果表明:在大空间建筑火灾升温历程中,钢索的水平张力呈下降的趋势;随着钢索的预应力比增加、温度场非均匀性的增强和跨度的增加,其水平张力下降速率增大;荷载比的增加对水平张力下降速率影响较小。上述结论与钢索水平张力的解析解一致,可为索网结构抗火性能分析提供参考。 相似文献
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要积极有效地做好防震减灾宣传工作,保证社会稳定,为经济发展和社会繁荣创造一个良好的环境,应在抓好全民防震减灾宣传教育的基础上,在宣传的重点对象上下功夫,在宣传的手段上花力气,通过建立一个长效的防震减灾宣传机制,使防震减灾宣传工作警钟长鸣,融入到人们的日常生活之中,形成一个人人重视防震减灾工作的氛围。 相似文献
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根据延安地区历史时期旱灾资料,研究了该地区明清旱灾差异和气候的不同。结果表明,延安地区明代(1368-1643年)276年内,共发生旱灾115次,平均每2.4年发生1次;其中轻度旱灾17次,中度旱灾52次,大旱灾34次,特大旱灾12次。清代(1644-1912年)的269年里,共发生旱灾35次,平均7.7年发生1次;其中轻度旱灾6次,中度旱灾25次,大旱灾3次,特大旱灾1次。延安地区明清旱灾差异显著,明代旱灾频次是清代的3.2倍;明代旱灾等级比清代高,前者大旱灾与特大旱灾占旱灾总数的40%,后者的仅占11.6%。明代干旱气候事件频繁,清代干旱气候事件少见。延安地区明代旱灾发生频繁和等级高的原因是当时气候变干和干旱气候事件频繁出现引起的,说明明代是气候较为干旱的时期。延安地区清代旱灾频次低和等级低是当时降水量较多的结果,说明清代是较湿润的时期。明代和清代大旱灾发生时的年均降水量为440mm左右,特大旱灾发生时的年均降水量为360mm左右。 相似文献
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印尼苏门答腊南部海域地震 1994年2月16日0时07分,印尼苏门答腊南部发生里氏6.5级地震。震中位于首都雅加达西北250公里,直落勿洞西北36公里处的海域,震源深度为58公里。地震造成215人死亡,3000多人受伤,40010多间房屋彻底被毁,6500座建筑物遭到不同程度的破坏;数以万计的人无家归;震后又降起大雨,多处山体发生塌方,交通、电力和通讯中断,经济损失达1.7亿美元。距里哇市24公里拥有近千名居民的辛加岛还遭到了海啸的袭击,致使150人丧生。 相似文献
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新疆煤田火灾的成因、危害及综合治理 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
新疆是世界上煤田火灾最严重的地区,原因主要是新疆地处欧亚大陆腹地,具典型的大陆性干旱气候;新疆地区煤系为中下侏罗纪,地质活动较为剧烈;小煤窑的乱采滥挖等.新疆煤田火灾带来巨大危害:损失煤炭资源、污染环境、引发地质灾害、破坏生态平衡及危害生物健康等.对煤田火灾进行综合治理已经成为当务之急.为了有效灭火,应先对火区进行探测.探测方法有磁异常探测法、自然电场法和红外地面测温法等.然后因地制宜地选择适当的灭火技术进行灭火.灭火之后还应利用地理信息系统等方法对火区进行动态监测. 相似文献
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This paper examines the ways residents in the Grampians area in the Australian state of Victoria used their local and their state and national based media before, during and after the 2006 bushfires (wildfires). The researchers were particularly concerned to understand how residents evaluated media sources as trustworthy and credible in relation to bushfire warnings and information about the fires delivered in the media. Analysis of data derived from two separate focus group sessions conducted by the researchers reveals four main themes. (1) The media are perceived as part of a broader information gathering process. (2) Local knowledge is the most important aspect in broadcast information. (3) Members of small communities can feel disenfranchised and resentful of the media when media coverage focuses on larger towns, and (4) the effects of media reporting, including specific warnings, are both immediate and long lasting. The paper explores some of the tensions that result from the ways rural residents use and distinguish between local/regional and metropolitan and out-of-state bushfire information; and it encourages better use of the local/regional media to increase community safety and awareness in relation to bushfire mitigation, preparedness and crisis management issues before, during and after the fires. It is suggested that risk communications professionals need to understand that when mediated risk-related communications are provided, a key evaluative criterion is whether or not those media and the messages represent and reflect local knowledge. 相似文献
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This paper examines the ways residents in the Grampians area in the Australian state of Victoria used their local and their state and national based media before, during and after the 2006 bushfires (wildfires). The researchers were particularly concerned to understand how residents evaluated media sources as trustworthy and credible in relation to bushfire warnings and information about the fires delivered in the media.Analysis of data derived from two separate focus group sessions conducted by the researchers reveals four main themes. (1) The media are perceived as part of a broader information gathering process. (2) Local knowledge is the most important aspect in broadcast information. (3) Members of small communities can feel disenfranchised and resentful of the media when media coverage focuses on larger towns, and (4) the effects of media reporting, including specific warnings, are both immediate and long lasting.The paper explores some of the tensions that result from the ways rural residents use and distinguish between local/regional and metropolitan and out-of-state bushfire information; and it encourages better use of the local/regional media to increase community safety and awareness in relation to bushfire mitigation, preparedness and crisis management issues before, during and after the fires. It is suggested that risk communications professionals need to understand that when mediated risk-related communications are provided, a key evaluative criterion is whether or not those media and the messages represent and reflect local knowledge. 相似文献