自然保护区生物多样性经济价值类型及其评估方法

在分析生物多样性经济价值类型的基础上探讨了自然保护区生物多样性经济价值的类型和内涵，并将其分为直接实物价值、直接非实物服务价值、生态功能间接价值和非使用类价值（包括存在价值、遗产价值和选择价值），进而提出评估这些价值的方法。     

北京市大兴县留民营村的庭院经济系统

采用典型定点法调查农户庭院经济系统，并对其进行能流和经济效益分析。结果表明，菜－鸡－猪－沼气结构的庭院经济系统能获得较好的效益。     

五里塘生态农场结构及系统生态经济效益的比较

本文介绍了以沼气工程为纽带的五里塘生态农场总体结构。通过对农场及其四个子系统生态经济效益的比较分析,说明在实行生态工程设计和运行后农场取得了较大的生态、经济和环境效益。     

对长江上游地区生态环境建设产业化道路改革的思考

以长江上游地区生态环境建设为例 ,阐释了我国社会主义市场经济体制下和林业深化改革进程中生态环境建设产业化的内涵 ,分析了其产业化发展条件和影响因素 ,对其产业化发展思路进行了探讨。     

Capital structures matrix: a model for public access to project interpretation

A growing demand for transparency and accountability in local decision-making has grown substantially in recent years due to an increasing awareness of finite natural resources. Sustainable development captures the interrelatedness of the economy, the environment and social expectations. In addition, transparency in the decision-making process provides the public a method of accountability for public funds. The Capital Structures Model developed in this paper addresses the demand for accountability by focusing on local development projects classified by type of capital (built, human, social and natural) in order to provide information to the average constituent regarding specific county and community development projects. Local assets are initially categorized according to the type of capital to which they most contribute, and then indicators are employed to measure the contribution of a project with respect to increasing the capacity of each type of capital. These indicators are then cross-referenced with local policy to demonstrate how that policy is implemented in local development projects, and which policies contribute to which type of capital. It is the intention of this model to create an informative tool for planners and constituencies that monitors how development projects contribute to communities in terms of each of the four types of capital.     

Sustainable development indicators: a case study on the city of Flagstaff and Coconino county

The application of capitalist theory and the perception of an autonomous economy have created a range of environmental and social ramifications not addressed via traditional economic reasoning. In order to effectively and efficiently abate sustainability issues, the sustainable development discourse developed evaluation methods such as sustainable development indicators to gauge progress towards sustainability in communities without using traditional cost–benefit methods of analysis. The indicators created in this work are intended to be applied as a method of project evaluation in local community development departments. Using local growth management policy as a basis, these indicators have been designed to show how a development project contributes to policy goals that relate to all three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, economic, and socio-economic.     

氾水镇生态建设规划促进经济与环境协调发展实证分析

绿化系统建设、生态农业建设、乡镇工业布局与调整是水镇生态建设规划的要点。执行生态建设规划的措施有：领导重视；强化环境管理和科技支持；增大环保投入和依靠公众参与。实证分析表明生态建设规划促进了水镇经济与环境协调发展     

技术经济分析在制定污染物排放标准和治理方案中的应用

文章介绍了在环境工程中运用技术经济学的方法和内容,对环境工程项目的技术可行性和经济合理性进行综合评价,从而使环境工程投资决策建立在科学分析的基础上。     

草莓在有机与无机种植系统中的能流和经济效益的比较

本文运用了生态经济学的原理，对草莓在有机和无机种植系统内能量流动、物质转化以及经济效益进行了比较研究。结果表明：两处理区施用几乎相同氮量的有机肥（１７５ｋｇ／ｈｍ￣２）和无机肥（１６４ｋｇ／ｈｍ￣２），其有机区草莓的生长发育、产量均明显好于无机处理区；有机草莓的光能利用率和氮素产出／投入分别比无机草莓提高了６４．２４％和５７．７２％；同时证明，优质有机肥可改善草莓的良用品质，并提高经济效益。     

Tourism effects on the environment and economic sustainability of sub-Saharan Africa

This paper integrates tourism, economic growth, and environmental issues in a multivariate format. Unlike recent research on this topic, a panel data of selected sample nations of sub-Saharan Africa is adopted by using cointegration and panel regression models. The current research discovers both long-run equilibrium and short-run dynamics between economic growth, tourism, energy use, and carbon emissions in sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, tourism and energy use show a highly significant direct impact on economic growth. In addition, tourism, energy use, and economic growth yield a highly significant positive effect on carbon emissions. Dissecting the region into oil producers and non-oil producers further suggests that the economic growth of sub-Saharan Africa has been accomplished by strong growth in tourism and energy use. However, there is highly significant evidence that in oil producing countries, CO₂ emissions are directly affected by energy use and economic growth and not by tourism. For non-oil producing countries, tourism and energy use but not economic growth incur a highly significant positive impact on carbon emissions.     

草莓有机与无机种植系统能流和经济流的比较研究

通过３年田间试验，比较分析了草莓有机与无机种植系统的能流、经济流及对土壤环境的影响。结果表明，有机系统草莓产量、经济效益均高于无机系统；有机系统能量产投比仅为无机系统的２５％，但投入的绝大部分为可再生能源；有机系统土壤有机质、微生物量高于无机系统，具有更好的土壤条件     

长江流域洪灾与生态破坏的关系浅析:Ⅰ经济发展与生态变化

５０ 年代以来,由于社会经济迅速发展的压力,加上保护不力,使长江流域上中游生态环境趋于恶化。对长江流域各省市生态环境破坏状况的调研表明,与长江流域洪灾加剧紧密相关的生态破坏主要是：森林过度采伐,植被破坏严重;坡地盲目开垦,水土流失加重;湖泊消亡加剧,蓄洪容量减小;泥沙大量淤积,河道泄洪能力下降。     

土地资源可持续利用的生态经济系统分析

论述了土地生态经济系统的特点和实现土地可持续利用的生态经济条件。土地生态经济系统是土地生态系统与土地经济系统耦合而成的复合系统 ,土地可持续利用与生态经济平衡存在着内在联系 ,生态经济平衡是实现土地可持续利用的前提条件 ;土地可持续利用目标是在土地开发利用过程中 ,实现生态、经济和社会三效益的协调统一 ;遵循生态经济规律是实现土地资源可持续利用的必要条件     

Integration of different environmental valuation methods to estimate forest degradation in arid and semi-arid regions

Many factors are aggravating desertification and degradation of forests such as urbanization, droughts, exploitation of natural resources and climate change. The study aims at estimating and assessing the degradation of forests in arid and semi-arid regions. This task however is complicated since the impact of the degradation will be in different forms such as loss of wood, soil erosion and lost recreational areas. Nevertheless the dynamic impact of the degradation is increasing the complexity of analysis since forest once lost is a reduction of value for all subsequent years. This study is considering the value of damages over time and it is using the concept of three environmental valuation methods to estimate the whole impact of the degradation: the habitat equivalency analysis (HEA), the productivity method and the benefit transfer method. The methods were applied to specific values of forests, depending on the best applicability, and the results combined to an overall value loss. The costs are calculated based on the year 2014 with two time horizons: 30 and 100 years. To apply the valuation approach, Jordan as an arid and semi-arid country is chosen. The result shows that the annual costs of environmental degradation of Jordanian forest areas equal about 0.14% of GDP in 2013, proving the enormous value lost to forest degradation or deforestation. The valuation approach can be transferred to other arid or semi-arid areas and stimulate forest conservation activities to prevent further degradation and to save the forest ecosystem services for the future.     

山东省大气污染经济损失估算

使用市场价值法、人力资本法等计算了山东省2 0 0 0—2 0 0 2年大气污染对人体健康、农业造成的损失及增加的清洗费用。结果表明,在3年间山东省的大气污染损失每年均在15 0亿元以上,占当年GDP的1.85 %～1.92 % ,而每年的环保投资仅为大气污染损失的4 8.2 0 %～5 5 .2 4 %。因此,经济的增长是以牺牲环境为代价的,实际的GDP要扣除这部分损失;另外政府和企业要加大环保投资,使经济增长与生存环境相协调     

人口增长对经济发展的影响

本文提出了人类社会生产的两个方面即物质生产、人口生产,指出人口生产必须与社会经济发展相一致,如果人口生产过多人口增长过快,就会影响社会经济的发展,因此我国必须对人口进行控制,实行计划生育.     

贵州省水土流失中土壤侵蚀经济损失估值

利用环境经济学的基本原理和方法 ,针对贵州省土壤侵蚀严重的现状 ,选择了土壤侵蚀造成的N、P、K及泥沙滞留、淤积 5种实物型损失作为衡量土壤侵蚀经济损失的指标 ,从场内损失与场外损失 2个方面估算出贵州省土壤侵蚀经济损失的货币化结果 ,并把土壤侵蚀经济损失的货币化值与经济建设的主要指标进行对比 ,以反映贵州省土壤侵蚀经济损失的程度 ,并阐明了一些过去尚未弄清的有关土壤侵蚀经济损失方面的概念。     

基于经济全球一体化背景的我国会计制度改革

分析了经济全球化对我国现行会计准则、对无形资产会计业务、对固定资产折旧方法、对坏账计提的规定及对人力资源会计业务的影响，充分探讨了这些影响对我国会计改革所带来的不利后果；在此基础上提出会计改革的基本思路，即完善会计准则、拓展无形资产的核算范围、对固定资产采用加速折旧法、提高坏账准备率和应尽快将人力资源会计纳入财务会计系统；最后从进一步转换政府职能，加强会计监管，满足社会公共需要和抓住机遇，积极稳妥地开放会计服务市场，提升我国会计行业的竞争力和整体水平及加强会计法规体系建设，积极开展诚信教育，强化职业道德建设和专业技能培训等方面对会计改革提出了三点意见．     

经济增长与农业碳排放关系的实证研究

研究首先基于农业投入与生产视角的6个主要方面碳源,测算了1993-2008年我国农业生产活动所导致的碳排放量,分析发现我国农业碳排放总量和强度分别年均增长率为4.08%、2.38%,但环比增速总体上处于阶段性下降态势。化肥、农药、农膜、农用柴油、灌溉、翻耕等导致碳排放年均递增率分别为3.45%、4.65%、7.20%、4.77%、1.22%、0.38%。进一步综合运用协整理论及误差修正模型,实证我国经济增长与农业碳排放之间的关系。结果表明：我国经济增长与农业碳排放总强度,以及经济增长与化肥、农药、农膜、农用柴油、翻耕等5类碳源导致的碳排放强度之间存在协整关系,且人均GDP每增加1%,农业碳排放总强度与化肥、农药、农膜、农用柴油、翻耕等碳源的碳排放强度分别增加1.72%、1.61%、1.18%、0.40%、2.48%和1.31%。最后,据此提出相关政策建议。     

Energy and Economic flow in homegardens in Subtropical Yunnan,SW China: A case study on Sanjia village

We studied the energy and economic flow of six types of homegardens in Sanjia village, SW China. Our study showed that the energy input of six types of homegardens averaged 99.11-175.65 x 10¹⁰J/ha, the energy output was 102.30-159.83 x 10¹⁰J/ha and the ratio of input/output ranged between 1:0.880-1:1.416. The ratios of input to output of home-gardens that prioritized cultivation of crops were higher than for homegardens that prioritized animal husbandry or other economic activities. The economic ratio of input/ output of six types of homegardens varied between 1:0.997-1:1.376 and the economic output ranged between 2480.0-10131.5 RMB/yr. We concluded that the homegarden systems of Sanjia village are high in the input and output of energy and cash flow, and can provide a basis for designing models of farm economy in rural subtropical areas.