基于巴克豪森技术的压力管道表面应力检测

压力管道是危险性较大的特种设备,易因应力集中导致损伤,故检测压力管道表面应力具有重要意义。本文研究了巴克豪森噪声技术的检测原理,噪声的五个特征值与压力管道表面应力的关系。设计应力检测硬件平台,包括检测探头、信号产生模块、数据采集模块和上位机处理显示模块等。开发应力检测的软件,实现数据的采集处理,实时提取MBN信号的特征值,实时监测应力情况。利用巴克豪森技术的快捷、无损等优势,实时精确检测压力管道表面应力,保障其质量安全和使用安全。     

基于IoT和边缘计算的智能燃气泄漏检测系统的开发

针对目前燃气检测方案功能单一,以及缺少信息化、智能化管理的问题,开发了一种基于IoT和边缘计算的激光旋转智能检测设备,包含激光传感器、云台、摄像机、录像机、RTK定位模块、三维电子罗盘等核心模块。可实现固定式泄漏监测,也可实现移动式泄漏检测。经过现场试验,检测设备的泄漏点定位误差可达一米以内。     

车辆事故自动呼救系统车载终端设计

为弥补传统车辆事故自动呼救(ACN)系统车载终端无可视化界面、提供信息不足等缺点,设计出一种新型ACN系统车载终端。详细阐述车载终端的功能需求和总体设计,以及事故检测模块和呼救信息发送模块的模块初始化及工作流程;事故检测模块的功能包括加速度信号和图像信号的采集与存储,呼救信息发送模块可提取地理信息并显示和发送呼救信息。台车碰撞模拟试验的结果表明,车载终端能够准确采集包含更多预测成员伤害程度的有效信息和车内图像,计算碰撞速度变化量、最大碰撞加速度,发送呼救信息,且可视化界面工作正常。     

基于MSP430实现温度和人员信息的检测及无线传输

本文设计了一个基于MSP430F1232的用于温度和人员信息检测的模块,该模块还可以对供电电池的电量进行监视,并将采集的数据进行无线传输,同时具有集成度高、低功耗等特点.本文详细介绍其硬件设计电路及相关软件设计.     

无线遥控可燃气体泄漏报警系统的设计

利用半导体气敏传感器、无线电收/发模块等器件,设计了无线遥控可燃气体报警系统.该系统对泄漏的可燃气体或有毒气体的浓度进行检测,遥控距离3 000 m,可用于工业、民用、公共场所的气体泄漏安全报警及大气污染检测等.     

深度学习在图像识别领域的应用现状与优势

正引言目前在安防领域,用户关注的智能功能包括运动目标检测、目标分类、目标颜色识别、行人检测、人脸检测、人脸识别、车辆检测、车型识别、车系识别、车牌识别、流量统计、密度检测等。这些智能模块均源于图像识别技术,但由于复杂度、成熟度差异较大,在平安城市等实战应用中的现状也干差万别。     

高速公路交通事件自动检测中的车载无线定位技术

提高交通事件检测性能对于减少交通事故至关重要.提出了基于车载无线定位的高速公路交通事件检测模式,采用GSM与GPS技术相结合的定位模式,设计了一种集GPS模块、碰撞传感器模块和手机定位模块为一体的车载终端;使用该终端设备,系统可采取驾驶员主动报警与车辆加速发生突变时传感器自动报警相结合的报警模式,结合已有的闭路电视(CCTV)监控系统进行事件确认.形成了一套完整、高效的基于新型无线定位车载终端的高速公路交通事件检测方法.     

大型储罐底板浸入式声学检测方法及样机设计

为实现大型储罐底板腐蚀的全域在线检测,提出一种浸入式声学检测方法。向储罐底板投放配有液浸式声学传感器的浸入式检测仪,控制其按预设路径行走,分单元采集罐底腐蚀声信号;结合采集的腐蚀声信号,运用平面小基阵单元算法定位罐底腐蚀声源;基于检测仪功能需求设计浸入式自动声学样机,该样机主要包括运动模块、检测模块及回收模块,具有自动全域检测、采集信号、定位腐蚀源及自行回收等功能;最后将该定位算法用于模拟储罐声源定位试验。结果表明:使用平面小基阵算法对模拟储罐声源定位的精度误差在0.2%以内,且定位精度不受声源角度的影响。     

高速铁路环境噪声自动监测系统设计

介绍我国高速铁路噪声测试软硬件性能及测试技术的现状,根据高速铁路噪声测试实际需求,进行高速铁路噪声自动监测系统的组成模块和系统参数分析。基于以上分析结果,对前端数据监测站和后端数据管理平台的性能和参数进行详细设计,其中前端数据监测站包括数据采集与处理平台、数据采集传感器、数据传输模块、稳定供电模块和安全防护模块等部分,后端数据管理平台包括数据管理模块、前端控制模块和安全管理模块等内容。     

基于WinCE和GPRS的安防报警系统设计

针对智能家庭设计了一套基于GPRS的嵌入式无线安防报警系统。该系统由ARM9 S3C2410与Window CE控制主机、USB摄像头、GPRS模块、监控传感器和无线传输模块组成。传感器检测到危险情况后,通过无线方式通知控制主机,采用摄像头拍摄现场图像,并利用GPRS模块向外界报警。详细介绍了Window CE操作系统的移植方法、系统底层驱动的编写过程、应用层软件的开发和硬件电路的设计。     

油浸变压器排油注氮装置在500kV变电站的设计与应用

在分析500kV变电站主变压器消防系统的现状,比较3类消防系统优缺点的基础上,详细论述了主变排油注氮装置的结构组成、工作原理、参数计算、控制系统设计以及需要注意的事项等,为下一步排油注氮装置的推广应用打下基础.     

HAZOP结合What-if方法在某延迟焦化装置除焦中的应用

为克服传统危险与可操作性（HAZOP）定性分析方法在复杂操作、间歇作业等过程中使用的局限性,提出在传统HAZOP定性分析方法的基础上结合What-if（故障假设）方法,对人的不安全行为和操作规程不完备所导致的风险后果分析作出补充。详细说明其技术原理、工作流程等使用细节,系统阐述该方法与传统HAZOP定性分析方法的区别,并在某延迟焦化装置的除焦操作的风险分析中应用。经分析,识别出在“给水-泡焦”节点,有“操作规程错误”场景2项,“操作规程不具体”场景1项,不存在“操作人员未按操作规程执行”场景。研究结果表明:本文方法有效且具有较好效果,可以广泛应用于操作规程/作业指导书审查、作业过程隐患排查等方面,帮助企业开展操作层面的风险识别与管理,提升企业的生产安全水平。     

潞安矿区煤层渗透率的各向异性特征实验研究

为了研究原位煤体渗透性的各向异性特征,以山西潞安常村矿3号煤层圆柱试样为对象,利用TCQT-Ⅲ型低渗煤层气相驱替增产试验装置,对煤样进行加载,并以氮气注入压力2.0 MPa的条件下,分析垂直层理和平行层理2个方向的煤体变形和渗透率变化特征。实验结果表明:煤样在加载过程中,平行和垂直层理煤样渗透率均随着有效应力的增大而减小,平行层理方向的渗透率始终大于垂直层理方向,应力加载初期渗透率急剧下降,最后逐渐趋于平缓;径向应变的增加量与渗透率呈正相关性,且平行层理相关性大于垂直层理;沿平行层理方向的裂隙度大于沿垂直层理方向,沿垂直层理方向的应变量大于沿平行层理方向;应变增加量均随有效应力的增加而逐渐减小。研究结果可为煤层井网布置及优化提供参考。     

Nighttime pedestrian fatalities: A comprehensive examination of infrastructure,user, vehicle,and situational factors

Introduction: Pedestrian fatalities in the United States increased 45.5% between 2009 and 2017. More than 85% of those additional pedestrian fatalities occurred at night. Method: We examine Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) data for fatal pedestrian crashes that occurred in the dark between 2002 and 2017. Within-variable and before/after examinations of crashes in terms of infrastructure, user, vehicle, and situational characteristics are performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two-sample t-tests. We model changes in crash characteristic proportions between 2002–2009 and 2010–2017 using linear regressions and test for autocorrelation with Breusch-Godfrey tests. Results: The increase in fatal nighttime pedestrian crashes is most strongly correlated with infrastructure factors: non-intersection unmarked locations (saw 80.8% of additional fatalities); 40–45 mph roads (54.6%); five-lane roads (40.7%); urban (99.7%); and arterials (81.1%). In addition, SUVs were involved in 39.7% of additional fatalities, overrepresenting their share of the fleet. Increased pedestrian alcohol and drug involvement warrant further investigation. The age of pedestrians killed increased more (18.1%) than the national average (3.2%). Conclusions: By identifying factors related to the increase in nighttime pedestrian fatalities, this work constitutes a vital first step in making our streets safer for pedestrians. Practical Applications: More research is needed to understand the efficacy of different solutions, but this paper provides guidance for such future research. Engineering solutions such as road diets or traffic calming may be used to improve identified infrastructure issues by reducing vehicle speeds and road widths. Rethinking vehicle design, especially high front profiles, may improve vehicle issues. However, the problems giving rise to these pedestrian fatalities are likely a result of not only engineering issues but also interrelated social and political factors. Solutions may be correspondingly comprehensive, employing non-linear, systems-based approaches such as Safe Systems.     

Footedness and Mounting—Short Review and Two Case Studies

Footedness is a personal quality like handedness. Footedness may be associated with moving ability during mounting, dismounting, and jumping movements. Occupational accidents have occurred during movement at different working levels, during the use of access and exit systems, and during the mounting of vehicles. Aging can also affect accident risk and body laterality. For example, falling accidents on stairs are common among the elderly. One reason for accidents may be that the structure of the access system or stair system is unsuitable for individual moving patterns depending partly on body laterality. Footedness and the way the feet are used may be contradictory to the demands of the moving situation, especially during uncommon or rapid situations. This contradiction may trigger disturbance during moving. The aims of this pilot study were (a) to review the literature briefly and (b) to describe the use of the dominant and nondominant foot by farmers and the elderly when mounting a tractor and stairs, respectively. The study also gives ideas for future studies based on both (a) and (b).     

AHP与GA-SVM耦合模型在滑坡预警中的应用*

为了减少滑坡造成的损失,提高滑坡预测的准确性,通过搭建灾害模拟平台获得滑坡的实验数据,在获得多组模拟实验数据后,分析各变量的特性。首先,通过层次分析(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)算法,对滑坡进行危险度划分;然后,通过支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)建立模型,遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)再优化SVM参数,提出1种层次分析法与GA-SVM相耦合的模型。研究结果表明:AHP方法划分后的数据,通过GA与SVM结合建立的模型精度较好,实验预测结果与实际结果较为吻合,与单一SVM相比,精度更高,结果更好,更加适用于多变量的复杂非线性滑坡预警。     

Debunking the false dichotomy of leadership idealism and pragmatism: Critical evaluation and support of newer genre leadership theories

Leadership theories have shifted over the last few decades from a focus on managerial functions and economic leader–follower exchanges toward greater focus on the interpersonal dynamics occurring within the leadership process. Theories such as transformational, ethical, authentic, and other “newer genre” theories were created to address neglected topics such as leader vision and inspirational messages, transparency, emotional effects, morality, individualized attention, and intellectual stimulation. Critiques of these theories, however, have been raised. In this paper, we address five of those critiques and argue for the validity and practical effectiveness of the new genre theories. Further, we describe how newer genre leadership research should be viewed as a performative epistemology, entailing a process of co‐creation involving scholars and practitioners. Finally, from this view, we provide general ideas for leader development. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Occupational Safety and Health in Finland

In Finland, occupational safety is the responsibility of the employer, while the occupational safety and health laws are enforced by the Labour Inspection Service, an organization of the state. The Labour Inspection is divided in 11 administrative districts, and it employs 360 professionals. They are mandated to carry out site visits without prearranged appointments to inspect safe work situations, working hours, construction safety, or any aspect of accident risks. The inspectors are also mandated to verify the existence of sufficient occupational health services as prescribed by the Occupational Health Services Act for all employees. The occupational health services are typically provided by enterprise-owned medical departments, by mutually owned health care centers, by private practitioners, or by municipal health care centers. The latter are required by law to provide all services as prescribed by the legislation to anyone who comes to the facility. This situation is prevalent in the countryside, where there are very few private caregiving centers. Declaring occupational accidents and disease cases is mandatory, and the Inspection districts examine all accidents to establish causes and consequences, and to initiate prosecution in case of criminal negligence. Labour Inspection Districts are also notified of the new occupational disease cases as they are declared to insurance companies. Insurance for occupational disease, accidents, and death is an obligation of the employer, although they can choose the insurance company. The medical confidentiality between the workers and their occupational health care providers is very strict. Official statistics are maintained by the state Statistics Finland organization, and they may be used, for example, for research purposes by scientific institutes like the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. Construction industry accounts for 25% of all fatal accidents (120 cases per 1 million working hours), followed by mechanical, wood, metal, machinery, and pulp and paper industry (10% each of fatal accidents) with rates ranging from 100–160 cases per 1 million working hours. There are some 5,000 occupational disease cases per year (rate 22/10,000 employed). The major disease categories include repetitive strain injuries (1,300 cases), respiratory allergies (600 cases), occupational skin diseases (1,000 cases), and 900 cases of noise-caused hearing loss. In 1998, 589 cases of asbestos-related diseases were reported.     

森林地表火蔓延模拟方法及其计算机实现

进行了森林火蔓延的研究,对传统的经验公式和模型进行改进,明显发现改进的模型有更好的结果,用计算机巧妙准确地实现了模拟模型,在风力不是特别大,地形变化不是特别剧烈时,该模型有较高精度;并结合火蔓延的主要因素（气象因子、气候、地形等）,进行系统分析,写出算地,编制实现地表火蔓延的预测预报计算机系统软件。这对于有效的组织扑救、减少火灾损失、计算森林火灾的损失评估有重要意义。     

公路隧道火灾逃生疏散研究

以苍岭隧道为背景,首先采用经验计算理论和计算软件building EXODUS相结合的方式,从被困人员的安全疏散时间、高温烟气的影响、隧道横通道的利用率以及人员的疏散行为特性进行了研究。结果表明:中小规模火灾情况下的安全疏散时间控制在8 min之内,高温烟气影响不大,但横通道的利用率不平均,且人员疏散路线相对集中。然后对存在的逃生疏散问题提出针对性建议以及其他相关建议,旨在为更大程度降低事故的严重性和经济财产损失。