旅游环境契合度、地方依恋与旅游者亲环境行为——以武陵源世界遗产地为例

旅游者的亲环境行为对于旅游地环境保护和可持续发展意义重大,旅游环境契合度与地方依恋对旅游者亲环境行为有重要影响.基于旅游环境契合度理论,以世界遗产地武陵源为数据调研地,通过对正在或曾在武陵源旅游的一千余名游客的问卷调查,用AMOS结构方程模型进行多层次假设检验以及中介效应检验,以廓清旅游环境契合度对旅游者亲环境行为的影响机制.研究表明:旅游旅游环境契合度对旅游者亲环境行为的直接影响不显著,旅游环境契合度正向影响地方依恋,地方依恋也对亲环境行为有着正向影响,地方依恋在旅游者-环境契合度与亲环境行为之间起着中介作用.据此给遗产地景区提出管理建议,引导旅游者的亲环境行为,促进世界遗产地的环境可持续发展.     

Sustainable Development and the Role of the Financial World

The incapacity to finance sustainable development through philanthropic official assistance turned the Johannesburg Summit to business world and the financial industry. Pioneering financial institutions – including development banks and private banks – have developed a wide range of innovations that can support sustainable development. This article highlights a few innovative products and markets and focuses on the progress made by financial players on the level of standards, metrics and guidelines to improve sustainability management systems, reporting and accounting practices and the multi-stakeholder dynamic. The role of the socially responsible investing (SRI) community has been underexposed by the Summit. Through its voice and market success, SRI has moved from a green market niche to the mainstream, however not becoming mainstream. The invaluable levering effect of SRI has just been discovered by authorities and market regulators and is becoming instrumental. In order to show the business case of Corporate Social Responsibility and to prove the financial viability of the People, Planet, Prosperity investing approach, the SRI community should critically reflect on its own quality assurance systems, sound disclosure and verification practices.     

世界遗产城市地区空间变迁探析

该文在国家历史文化名城相关研究的基础之上研究世界遗产城市地区空间变迁:土地利用,在对国际上土地利用相关研究综述之后,概要介绍了世界遗产城市及其历史时期空间变迁;然后,从土地利用历史断面的角度出发,研究了近300年来各时期世界遗产城市地区的土地覆盖特征,以及从土地利用历史路径的角度出发,具体阐述世界遗产城市地区土地覆盖特征所形成的过程,得出的结论主要包括:近300年世界遗产城市地区人口发展和土地开发在总量增加的同时也伴随了世界性的迁移,这一阶段世界遗产城市地区主导土地覆盖类型大部分都转变为农业或半农业,这种变化尤其体现在20世纪当中;最后,文章初步比较了世界遗产城市地区与国家历史文化名城地区的空间变迁情况,得出的结论主要包括:世界遗产城市地区以及国家历史文化名城地区在这一阶段的土地利用都发生了根本性的转变,前者更多是一种外延式增长,而后者更多是一种内生式增长,土地利用向农业和半农业的转变,国家历史文化名城地区要比世界遗产城市地区早大概两个世纪.     

长江流域资源与环境（学报）2006年第15卷总目录

资源环境与社会经济可持续发展21世纪初华中地区发展的资源环境基础………………………………谢辉,张雷,姜巍,程晓凌(1:1)南水北调西线一期工程对金沙江上游梯级开发的发电影响…………梁武湖,马光文,王黎,刘建明(1:6)长江流域的节水形势及发展方向…………………………………………………………桑连海,陈进(1:10)BP神经网络在城市建成区面积预测中的应用———以江苏省为例……………赵姚阳,濮励杰,胡晓添(1:14)基于PCA变换和神经元网络分类方法的中国森林制图研究………………刘爱霞,刘正军,王静(1:19)公共资源与最优产权选择………………     

Environment as the Stage for Economic Actors

The relative importance of economics and environment in debate may soon be reversed due to the influence of three fac- tors. Firstly, in the global economy it is hard to hide the unwanted products of economic processes. Secondly, huge advances in sci- ence will reduce the imperfect knowledge of markets, making some monitoring and analyzing tools show the design of sensible and equitable livelihood in communities, which is more important than the motivation of maximising profits for some individuals or firms. Thirdly, China, as the last major player on the planet to take on economic growth, comes from traditions fundamentally differ- ent from those economies that have experienced the Industrial Revolution previously. Its challenges with sustainability and en- vironmental conservation predate Western economics by millennia, and it is implementing policies domestically and starting to work on the world stage that acknowledges that the surroundings are the host for any economic and socio-political system.     

World poverty,another look

The World Bank used the Consumer Price Index (CPI) to calculate changes in the world poverty level (measured in U.S. dollars) prior to 1982. In 1983, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) replaced the CPI with several indices including CPI-W which was then adopted by the World Bank. This caused the inflated rate of the U.S. dollars and the percentage of the world population in poverty to be dramatically underestimated. This new incorrect procedure gives 25% (1.5 million) below the poverty line in 2005, while the more appropriate procedure (described herein) gives 52% (3.3 million in 2005). The rapid rise of the poverty line (using the preferable CPI) starting in 1987 occurred at nearly the same time as the peak in per capita annual cereal production.     

Production, Consumption and the World Summit on Sustainable Development

At the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), world leaders agreed that eliminating unsustainable production and consumption is one of the three overriding objectives of sustainable development. Achieving that objective should have been a major priority for the WSSD Plan of Implementation. Increases in consumption and production over the past decade were largely responsible for the worsening environmental and social trends. Unfortunately, the negotiators of the Plan paid insufficient attention to the lessons from 10 years of discussions about the concepts, the available policies and tools and their effectiveness, the impacts of those policies on developing countries, and the political commitment of countries in an era of globalization. Despite a promising proposal for a new ten-year work programme aimed at bridging the gap implementing the Agenda 21 commitments from Rio, Summit negotiators produced barely more than a muted echo of recommendations from the past which have yet to be taken seriously enough by the world's leaders in a comprehensive intergovernmental strategy. In the ten-year review of progress to achieve sustainable production and consumption (SPAC), governments quickly skipped past the critical work of examining why things are getting worse, avoiding the task of identifying the obstacles (which in some cases were themselves) and in turn avoiding the commitment to time-bound measurable targets. If nothing else, the WSSD demonstrated that a global strategy to achieve SPAC will come not from a UN consensus of world leaders but from a strategic alliance of responsible governments, civil society and others with a vision beyond the next election cycle.     

Sustainable Development and the Basic Value of Natural Environment

Contrast with artificial environment, the multi-level self-organizational system of nature has great gain. Sustainable material environment should respect nature： non-rubbish and super-cycle quality of natural ecosystem offers the material source of human development, fractal structure of nature offers new field of space and information source to this high-density and information-based society, dissipative structure of nature links the new system of energy with whole ecosystem organically, and life-chain regulation is the base of sustainable life environment. Nature guarantees the physical healthy environ- ment by its all-dimension healthy factor, constructs the mental healthy environment by its quality of co-ordinate and chaos, so that guarantees the whole emergence of sustainable development on the ＇super-science＇ level In the view of sustainable development, construction, green economy and human health are basic fields. With the concept of ecosystem regulation, we can relate these fields organically and fulfill the task of human health, welfare and sustainable development. Ecosystem regulation is the base of sustainable development＇s new paradigm.     

论紧急状态下的个人环境权及其保障

个人环境权在宪政语境下应为一项基本人权,虽然它经历了一个发展过程,但这是毋庸置疑的.紧急状态为宪政的非正常状态,非常态下的基本人权理论应不同于常态,个人环境权应有所限制.但是,由紧急权力的自身属性所造就的环境权危机而导致的对个人环境的侵害,也应当得到救济.在紧急状态下,对于个人环境权的限制应当遵循行政应急性原则、比例原则、正当程序原则、公正补偿原则、监督与救济原则.在紧急状态下,个人环境权救济亦不应等同于一般情形下的权利救济方式,这里至少包含了三种形式:正常秩序所排斥的私力救济方式:正常状态所喜好的ADR救济方式;包括了行政复议、行政诉讼、行政补偿和行政赔偿三大板块的公力救济方式.通过对国家紧急权的约束以及三大救济方式的协调,以期获得紧急状态下个人环境权与国家紧急权力的张力平衡.     

Sustainable Development and the Basic Value of Natural Environment

Abstract

Contrast with artificial environment, the multi-level self-organizational system of nature has great gain. Sustainable material environment should respect nature: non-rubbish and super-cycle quality of natural ecosystem offers the material source of human development, fractal structure of nature offers new field of space and information source to this high-density and information-based society, dissipative structure of nature links the new system of energy with whole ecosystem organically, and life-chain regulation is the base of sustainable life environment. Nature guarantees the physical healthy environment by its all-dimension healthy factor, constructs the mental healthy environment by its quality of co-ordinate and chaos, so that guarantees the whole emergence of sustainable development on the ‘super-science’ level. In the view of sustainable development, construction, green economy and human health are basic fields. With the concept of ecosystem regulation, we can relate these fields organically and fulfill the task of human health, welfare and sustainable development. Ecosystem regulation is the base of sustainable development’s new paradigm.     

全球实施《21世纪议程》的主要进展与趋势

从全球角度对世界环境与发展大会以来《21世纪议程》的主要实施进展进行了总结.分析表明,全球经济实现了大幅增长,在消除贫困、推进城市化、节约集约利用资源等方面取得积极进展,但在有关国际公约和承诺的履行方面尚需付出巨大努力.通过对当前全球可持续发展面临的重大挑战和未来趋势进行的分析,认为当前全球可持续发展主要面临三大挑战,即重大全球性环境问题对人类生存构成的直接威胁加大、发展空间争夺更趋激烈和全球性民生问题凸显;全球可持续发展主要呈现四大趋势,即可持续发展进一步由理念向全球行动转化、全球向绿色发展转型、新兴发展中国家成为全球可持续发展的重要推动力和可持续发展领域国际关系呈现竞争性合作.     

世博后上海人口分布新态势

世博后上海经济社会发展转型、现代化城市基础设施和全面调整优化空间载体战略布局等因素将对上海人口分布产生重要影响.该文利用灰色理论模型对人口分布变动进行预测,结果表明:2010-2020年期间,上海市人口继续向郊区集聚,近郊区是人口集聚和流动的最显著区域,同时远郊区常住人口集聚的增长速度开始超过近郊区,成为人口迁移和流动的主要区域.今后一段时期内近郊区和远郊区为上海产业发展和人口布局调整提供空间,近郊区和远郊区的新城镇将成为重点建设区域,上海将加快形成城乡一体化发展的新格局.建议:加强人口发展战略和规划研究,解决土地规划、产业规划和人口规划的问题,统筹考虑土地、产业、人口之间的协调发展;实施城市人口发展功能区战略,引导人口有序流动和迁移,使上海城市人口空间布局与城市形态、区域功能和资源环境协调发展;加强流动人口均等化服务,建立健全流动人口基本公共服务均等化投入保障机制.     

低碳世界中的中国:地位、挑战与战略

“低碳经济”最早见诸于政府文件是在2003年的英国能源白皮书《我们能源的耒来：创建低碳经济》。2007年是全球高度关注气候变化和推动低碳经济的一年．人们期望通过低碳经济模式与低碳生活方式。实现可持续发展。UNDP2007／2008年人类发展报告指出：2004年中国的人均碳足迹为3．8CO2t／人,显著地低于美国、加拿大、日本、俄国、英国和法国。J．W．Tester等运用碳排放Kaya公式分析表明：尽管20年间中国的能源强度年平均降低了5．22％,碳强度年平均降低了0．26％．但由于人口多。加上人均GDP年增长为世界的6．6倍。而碳强度年均降低不到世界的58％．使得碳排放年均增长达4％。中国面临着能源禀赋、发展水平、总量突出和锁定效应等挑战。因此。中国的应对战略主要有：构建可持续发展的能源对策框架,坚持不懈地节能减排,高度重视全球气候变化。大力发展可再生能源,积极推进核电建设与科学发展替代能源等。