南广河水体中砷镉铅铬含量分布特征及质量探讨

本文对南广河水体中的砷镉铅铬含量分布特征进行了描述,并探讨了南广河的水质质量。结果表明：南广河从上游到下游水体中污染物含量为增大趋势;在时间上也存在一定的变化,枯水期水体中污染物含量高于平水期和丰水期。目前南广河综合水质质量可满足Ⅱ类水质标准要求。     

青竹江水环境耗氧污染物含量分布特征及质量评价

本文对青竹江水环境中耗氧污染物(CODCr、BOD5和NH3-N)含量分布特征进行了探讨,并对青竹江的水质质量进行评价。结果表明,青竹江从上游到下游水体中污染物含量为增加趋势,在时间上也存在一定的变化,枯水期水体中污染物含量高于平水期和丰水期,目前青竹江综合水质可满足Ⅱ类水质标准要求。     

江安河水质特征分析及治理对策研究

采用综合评价与分类评价相结合的方法,分析江安河水质特征,旨在发现影响河流水质的主要污染物和污染源,为江安河水污染防治争水责源利用提供科学依据.2011年10月对江安河全段水质进行了统一标准监测,监潮项目有氨氮、总磷、COD、浊度,共4个项目;2012年4月再一次对江安河全段进行监测,并增加测量其水体中几种重金属含量.总体上,上游和中游断面均属清洁水质,下游断面属污染水质.河流综合污染指数、营养盐类污染指数、重金属污染指数均沿流程顺序增高.主要污染物为化学需氧量、氮磷类污染物.上游多为农业灌溉区,中下游污染较为严重,其中生活源、工业源排放的污水是影响江安河水质的主要污染源.     

基于MIKE21的城市入河排污口水质影响预测研究——以南方某城市污水处理厂为例

排污口的设置往往会导致附近水域出现水质超标现象,尤其对于城市内河道,涉及群众用水健康及对周边敏感区域的影响,需要对排污口排放污染物的影响情况进行研究。以南方某城市污水处理厂排污口为例,采用MIKE21二维水质模型模拟了6种工况下COD、NH₃-N两种入河污染物对下游水体的影响情况。结果表明,正常排放时COD、NH₃-N对下游水体影响较小,水质基本满足排污口所在河段水功能区水质要求,事故排放时,对下游造成10km以上的影响。模拟结果基本可以反映排污口排放污水对河道下游水质的影响情况,可为入河排污口排放污染物影响预测提供参考依据。     

北京市南沙河流域水环境质量评价研究

利用2011~2016年的监测数据,对北京市海淀区南沙河流域的水环境质量进行了评价分析,结果表明:该流域水质一直为劣Ⅴ类,其中2011~2014年氨氮浓度呈逐年上升趋势,其他耗氧有机物、总磷主要污染物指标在2014年达到峰值,到2015年略有好转,但5年年均值均未达到水质类别要求;针对原因提出了能使南沙河水质得到持续有效改善的建议。     

实验室率定法测算长江南通段污染物降解系数

污染物降解系数是确定水环境容量的关键参数之一,本文采用实验室率定法,采集长江南通段的水样,分别于6℃、10℃、16℃、20℃室温下,在实验室内进行周期为20天的室内水质分析,根据室内水质分析结果,测算出不同温度下长江南通段"十二五"减排的约束性指标化学需氧量、氨氮的降解系数,并定性分析了长江水体中污染物本底浓度、可生化性、pH值等环境因子对污染物降解系数可能发生的影响。     

油菜秸秆腐解对自然水体的影响研究

为探究农田废弃物弃置水体对水环境质量的影响,对油菜秸秆在水中的腐解过程进行了实验研究。通过测量pH、DO、COD、氨氮、硝氮、总磷等水质指标来动态监测水质的变化。结果表明:DO含量初始为2mg/L,水体迅速转换为厌氧状态并保持稳定,35d后水体DO恢复至2~3 mg/L;水体中的COD含量在第3d达到最大值25mg/L,然后迅速下降,此后保持在15 mg/L左右;NH+4-N则在实验过程中缓慢增加,并在35d后维持在较高水平即10mg/L,而NO_3~--N、NO_2~--N含量较低,NO_3~--N含量为0.13mg/L,NO_2~--N含量为0.02 mg/L,TP含量则呈逐渐增加的趋势。油菜秸秆腐解的过程是厌氧腐解过程,此过程中各指标发生关联性的变化。随着时间的增长,水体由黑臭逐渐变清澈,说明水体具有一定的自净能力。     

察汗乌苏河水体中铅本底偏高探讨

本文在对不同时段察汗乌苏河水质监测结果的分析中,确认该河流存在水质中Pb含量偏高问题。通过对该流域自然影响因素的分析,提出了Pb含量偏高主要受自然因素影响,但流域内矿产资源的开发、污染物排放加重了影响程度。为保证察汗乌苏河水质按功能达标,提出了对察汗乌苏河流域都兰段Pb含量偏高现象进行进一步调查,并加强县城饮用水源地水质监测的建议。     

皖苏两省首次进行长江流域跨界水质联合监测

正为贯彻落实《水污染防治行动计划》和《生态环境监测网络建设方案》,进一步加强跨界水体水质监测工作,提高水质监测数据质量,保证跨界水体水质监测数据的科学性和准确性,更好地适应环境保护管理和日后长江经济带发展要求。依据环保部《跨界(省界、市界)水体水质联合监测实施方案》,2016年6月12日,安徽省环保厅制定了《安徽省跨界(省界、市界)水体水质联合监测实施方案》(以下简称《实施方案》)。     

基于模糊数学的矿业城市地表水污染风险评价

根据模糊数学方法,建立了水污染风险模糊综合评价数学模型,以煤炭资源型城市阜新为研究对象,选取辽河流域阜新段1996～2005年枯水期和丰水期水质状况平均值进行水污染风险评价。旨在定量分析评价阜新地区地表水环境质量现状和存在的问题。结果表明：辽河阜新段水质在1996～2005年间波动较大,呈水质日益恶化的状态。水体主要污染物为有机物、氨氮和溶解性铁,总体来说各污染物变化规律各不相同,总磷、BOD5、溶解性铁呈递增趋势,其他污染物质都呈波动性变化。     

回顾 总结 部署

3月26日至3月28日,备受关注的2003年度中国石油集团公司安全生产环境保护职业健康工作会议在青岛召开。 会议期间王海森主任做了题为“与时俱进,开拓创新,推进安全环境健康工作再上新水平”的报告,指出此次会议的主要任务是:总结回顾过去三年安全生产,环境保护和职业健康工作,分析形势,安排部署2003年工作,推进安全环境健康工作再上新水平。回顾三年的成绩,主要体现在:安全环保健康目标和责任制不断落实;安全环保健康规章制度逐步完善;安全环保机构得到加强和充实;健康安全环境管理体系全面推进;建设项目环境管理规范进行;安全环保科技创新…     

Sustainability,eco-efficiency,life-cycle management,and business strategy

This article outlines some of the rationale for integrating environment and sustainablility issues into core business practises and provides some guidance on how companies can begin to take a strategic view when selecting environmental management tools. Two of these tools, life cycle management and eco-efficiency, are outlined in brief.© 1999 Five Wind International. Reprinted with permission by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Atrazine, isoproturon, mecoprop, 2,4-D, and bentazone adsorption onto iron oxides

Iron oxides are important components influencing the adsorption of various inorganic and organic compounds in soils and sediments. In this study the adsorption on iron oxides of nonionic and ionic pesticides was determined as a function of solution pH, ionic strength, and pesticide concentration. The investigated iron oxides included two-line ferrihydrite, goethite, and lepidocrocite. Selected pesticides comprised atrazine (6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), isoproturon [3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea)], mecoprop [(RS)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propionic acid], 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), and bentazone [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide]. The adsorption of the nonionic pesticides (atrazine and isoproturon) was insignificant, whereas the adsorption of the acidic pesticides (mecoprop, 2,4-D, and bentazone) was significant on all investigated iron oxides. The adsorption capacity increased with decreasing pH, with maximum adsorption reached close to the pKa values. The addition of CaCl2 in concentrations from 0.0025 to 0.01 M caused the adsorption capacity to diminish. The adsorption of bentazone was significantly lower than the adsorption of mecoprop and 2,4-D, illustrating the importance of a carboxyl group in the pesticide structure. The adsorption capacity on the iron oxides increased in the order: lepidocrocite < goethite < two-line ferrihydrite. The maximum adsorption capacities of meco-prop and 2,4-D on goethite were found to be equivalent to the site density of singly coordinated hydroxyl groups on the faces of the dominant (110) form, suggesting that singly coordinated hydroxyl groups are responsible for adsorption. Differences in adsorption capacities between iron oxides can be explained by differences in the surface site density of singly coordinated hydroxyl groups. The maximum measured adsorption capacity of mecoprop on two-line ferrihydrite was equivalent to 0.2 mol/mol Fe.     

Tillage, intercrop, and controlled drainage-subirrigation influence atrazine, metribuzin, and metolachlor loss

Atrazine (6-chloro-N2-ethyl-N4-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] have been found with increasing occurrence in rivers and streams. Their continued use will require changes in agricultural practices. We compared water quality from four crop-tillage treatments: (i) conventional moldboard plow (MB), (ii) MB with ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) intercrop (IC), (iii) soil saver (SS), and (iv) SS + IC; and two drainage control treatments, drained (D) and controlled drainage-subirrigation (CDS). Atrazine (1.1 kg a.i. ha-1), metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazine-5(4H)-one] (0.5 kg a.i. ha-1), and metolachlor (1.68 kg a.i. ha-1) were applied preemergence in a band over seeded corn (Zea mays L.) rows. Herbicide concentration and losses were monitored from 1992 to spring 1995. Annual herbicide losses ranged from < 0.3 to 2.7% of application. Crop-tillage treatment influenced herbicide loss in 1992 but not in 1993 or 1994, whereas CDS affected partitioning of losses in most years. In 1992, SS + IC reduced herbicide loss in tile drains and surface runoff by 46 to 49% compared with MB. The intercrop reduced surface runoff, which reduced herbicide transport. Controlled drainage-subirrigation increased herbicide loss in surface runoff but decreased loss through tile drainage so that total herbicide loss did not differ between drainage treatments. Desethyl atrazine [6-chloro-N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] comprised 7 to 39% of the total triazine loss.     

Environmental concentrations of agricultural herbicides in Saskatchewan, Canada: bromoxynil, dicamba, diclofop, MCPA, and trifluralin

Herbicides are the most commonly used group of agricultural pesticides on the Canadian Prairies and, in 1990, more than 20000 Mg of herbicides were applied in the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. The present paper reports on environmental concentrations of five herbicides currently used in the prairie region. The herbicides bromoxynil [3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-benzonitrile], dicamba [3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid], diclofop [(RS)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxy]propanoic acid], MCPA [(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid], and trifluralin [alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-isopropyl-p-toluidine] were measured in the atmosphere, bulk atmospheric deposits, surface film, and dugout (pond) water at two sites near Regina, Saskatchewan, during 1989 and 1990. All five herbicides were detected in air and surface film and all but trifluralin were detected in the bulk atmospheric deposits and dugout water. Trifluralin was most frequently detected in air (79% of samples) whereas bromoxynil was present in maximum concentration (4.2 ng m(-3)). MCPA was present in maximum levels in bulk atmospheric (wet plus dry) deposits (2350 ng m(-2) d(-1)), surface film (390 ng m(-2)), and dugout water (330 ng L(-1)), whereas dicamba was most frequently detected in surface film (47%) and dugout water (97%). The highest quantities of the herbicides tended to be present during or immediately after the time of regional application.