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废铅酸蓄电池铅膏性质分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为给废旧铅蓄电池铅膏的湿法回收工艺提供理论依据,对湖北金洋冶金股份有限公司破碎分选后的废铅膏进行了XRF、XRD、物理分析及化学分析等,确定了废铅膏的主要成分、理化性质等特性。结果表明,废铅膏粒径细小,碾钵磨细后能过120目的筛下物超过77.4%,这对湿法转化是有利的。废铅膏主要组成为64.5%PbSO4、29.5%PbO2、4.5%PbO、0.8%Pb及其他微量杂质元素,杂质主要包括Fe、Sb和Si等。因此,铅膏湿法处理时应该采取合适的净化工艺。 相似文献
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氧化镁湿法烟气脱硫回收工艺的技术经济可行性初步分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
介绍了回收结晶硫酸镁的氧化镁湿法烟气脱硫工艺的基本工艺流程,在抛弃法脱硫系统上所作的工业试验证明了吸收液循环提浓MgSO4的可行性。参照工业硫酸镁生产工艺对130t/h燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫作了回收工艺的投资效益分析和整体工艺的经济性评价,结果表明回收工业硫酸镁具有良好的经济效益。 相似文献
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对混合质电镀污泥进行了湿法分离和金属回收研究,拟采用硫化分离富集—分质回收的工艺路线实现重金属的全组元回收。结果表明,在常温下采用分段硫化可以实现电镀污泥中Cu、Ni、Zn、Cr的分离与富集,在控制pH为3.8时,浸出液中Cu、Ni、Zn的硫化沉淀率均大于98%,Cu、Ni、Zn与Fe、Cr取得了较好的分离,在pH为4.1时,Cr与Fe取得了较好的分离效果,Fe的硫化沉淀率达到了93.35%,Cr最终在铬泥中得到富集;富集了Cu、Ni、Zn的硫化渣和富集了Cr的铬泥容易实现金属的分质回收;对重金属含量较低的混合质电镀污泥,采用硫化分离富集—分质回收的工艺是可行的,可将Cu、Ni、Zn、Cr等重金属予以全组元回收,同时处理后废渣可作为一般工业固废进行处理。 相似文献
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介绍了国内外在洗毛废水毛羊脂回收方法和工艺方面的开发,应用和发展情况,就机械离心,气浮,混凝,酸裂,电解,萃取和超滤等各种回收方法和工艺的原理,操作过程,适用范围,回收效率以及优缺点诸方面作了较详细的比较和分析。 相似文献
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《环境工程学报》2016,(9)
废弃挠性PCB是资源化价值高的电子废弃物之一,正需环境友好的方法回收其所含的多种有价金属。采用显微镜对破碎后的挠性PCB粉样进行解离情况观察,发现破碎法难以将挠性PCB中的金属与非金属解离。通过设计单因素实验,研究挠性PCB粉末粒度大小、添加量、培养液初始p H、菌接种量、活化时间以及Fe SO4·7H2O添加量6个因素对氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,简称A.f菌)浸出挠性PCB中金属过程的影响。结果表明,A.f菌不能浸出挠性PCB中Au,但Cu、Ni可以有效浸出且最优化条件为:10 g·L-1挠性PCB、粒度0.25~0.42 mm、培养基初始p H 2.5、菌接种量5%、菌活化时间5 d、Fe SO4·7H2O添加量30 g·L-1,金属Cu的浸出率达到90.1%,比未接种处理高出42.4%;金属Ni的浸出率达到了85.9%,比未接种处理高出了32.9%。因此,采用生物法可环境友好地回收挠性PCB中Cu、Ni,有利于废弃挠性PCB的资源化处理。 相似文献
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Jaana Koistinen Sirpa Herve Raija Paukku Mirja Lahtiperä Jaakko Paasivirta 《Chemosphere》1997,34(12):2553-2569
Concentrations of different chlorinated compounds were measured in mussels incubated in two polluted watercourses, a river (the River Kymijoki) and a lake (Lake Vanaja) for four weeks in summer 1995. The sum concentrations of polychlorinated phenols (PCP) and biphenyls (PCB) were both about 1 μg/g lipid weight (lw) in Lake Vanaja mussels, while in the River Kymijoki mussels PCPs were non-detectable and PCBs were measured 120 ng/g lIw. The concentrations of toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and dibenzofuran (PCDF) congeners ranged between <17 and 370 pg/g Iw in Lake Vanaja mussels and between <38 and 11,000 pg/g lw in the River Kymijoki mussels. Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDE) were detected in the mussels incubated in the River Kymijoki (0.4–1.1 ng/g Iw), but not in those incubated in Lake Vanaja. Polychlorinated phenoxyanisoles (PCPA) were measured 33 ng/g lw and polychlorinated phenoxyphenols (PCPP) 300 ng/g lw in the mussels incubated in the River Kymijoki. PCPAs were also detected in reference samples, which were sediment and pike from the River Kymijoki and Baltic salmon, seal and white-tailed sea eagle. 相似文献
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The ability of two biodegradable surfactants, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) and sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate (Aerosol MA), to recover a representative dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL), trichloroethene (TCE), from heterogeneous porous media was evaluated through a combination of batch and aquifer cell experiments. An aqueous solution containing 3.3% Aerosol MA, 8% 2-propanol and 6 g/l CaCl(2) yielded a weight solubilization ratio (WSR) of 1.21 g TCE/g surfactant, with a corresponding liquid-liquid interfacial tension (IFT) of 0.19 dyn/cm. Flushing of aquifer cells containing a TCE-DNAPL source zone with approximately two pore volumes of the AMA formulation resulted in substantial (>30%) mobilization of TCE-DNAPL. However, a TCE mass recovery of 81% was achieved when the aqueous-phase flow rate was sufficient to displace the mobile TCE-DNAPL toward the effluent well. Aqueous solutions of Tween 80 exhibited a greater capacity to solubilize TCE (WSR=1.74 g TCE/g surfactant) and exerted markedly less reduction in IFT (10.4 dyn/cm). These data contradict an accepted empirical correlation used to estimate IFT values from solubilization capacity, and indicate a unique capacity of T80 to form concentrated TCE emulsions. Flushing of aquifer cells with less than 2.5 pore volumes of a 4% T80 solution achieved TCE mass recoveries ranging from 66 to 85%, with only slight TCE-DNAPL mobilization (<5%) occurring when the total trapping number exceeded 2 x 10(-5). These findings demonstrate the ability of Tween 80 and Aerosol MA solutions to efficiently recover TCE from a heterogeneous DNAPL source zone, and the utility of the total trapping number as a design parameter for a priori prediction of DNAPL mobilization and bank angle formation when flushing with low-IFT solutions. Given their potential to stimulate microbial reductive dechlorination at low concentrations, these surfactants are well-suited for remedial action plans that couple aggressive mass removal followed by enhanced bioremediation to treat chlorinated solvent source zones. 相似文献
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G T Brooks 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):619-621
The Pesticide Manual ‐ A World Compendium, 8th Edition, C.R. Worthing, Editor and S.B. Walker, Assistant Editor, British Crop Protection Council, BCPC Publications Sales, Bear Farm, Binfield, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 5QE, England. 1987, 1100 pp., UK £50; Overseas £56. ISBN 0–948404–01–9. 相似文献
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Abstract The pH‐disappearance rate profiles were determined at ca. 25°C for 24 insecticides at 4 or 5 pH values over the range 4.5 to 8.0 in sterile phosphate buffers prepared in water‐ethanol (99: 1 v/v). Half‐lives measured at pH 8 were generally smaller than at lower pH values. Changes in half lives between pH 8.0 and 4.5 were largest (>1000x) for the aryl carbamates, carbofuran and carbaryl, the oxime carbamate, oxamyl, and the organophosphorus insecticide, trichlorfon. In contrast, half lives of phorate, terbufos, heptachlor, fensulfothion and aldicarb were affected only slightly by pH changes. Under the experimental conditions described half lives at pH8 varied from 1–2 days for trichlorfon and oxamyl to >1 year for fensulfothion and cyper‐methrin. Insecticide persistence on alumina (acid, neutral and basic), mineral soils amended with aluminum sulfate or calcium hydroxide to different pH values and four natural soils of different pH was examined. No correlation was observed between the measured pH of these solids and the rate of disappearance of selected insecticides applied to them. These observations demonstrate the difficulty of extrapolating the pH dependent disappearance behaviour observed in homogeneous solution to partially solid heterogeneous systems such as soil. 相似文献
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Torben Nielsen Anders Feilberg Mona-Lise Binderup 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(3):133-137
The occurrence of particle associated PAH and other mutagenic PAC was determined in 1996 in the street air of Copenhagen.
In addition, particle extracts were tested for mutagenicity. The measurements were compared with previous measurements in
1992/1993. The levels had decreased in this period. The decrease was caused by an implementation of light diesel fuels for
buses and the exchange of older petrol-driven passenger cars with catalystequipped new ones. About 65% of the reduction was
caused by the application of the light diesel fuels. Under special conditions, chemical processes in the atmosphere produced
many more mutagens than the direct emissions. The concentrations of S-PAC and N-PAC were 10 times lower than those of PAH,
while the levels of oxy-PAH were in the same order of magnitude as those of PAH. Benzanthrone, an oxy-PAH, is proposed to
be formed in the atmosphere in addition to direct emissions. Benzo(a)pyrene, often applied as an air quality criteria indicator,
was photochemically degraded in the atmosphere. A strong increase in the mutagenic activities was observed to coincide with
a depletion of benzo(a)pyrene. 相似文献
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Organochlorine compounds in a three-step terrestrial food chain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The concentrations of 15 organochlorine chemicals (PCBs and pesticides) were studied in a Central European oak wood food chain system: Great tit (Parus major), caterpillars (Tortrix viridana, Operophtera brumata, Erannis defoliaria), and oak-leaves (Quercus robur). Juvenile tits receive organochlorines from the mother via egg transfer and, eventually to a greater extent, from the caterpillar food source during nestling period. The concentrations of PCB 153 (2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl, the most abundant in this study) was found in leaf material at ca. 1 ng/g, in caterpillars 10 ng/g, and in bird eggs 170 ng/g on an average and on a dry mass basis. 相似文献
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Ralph A. Chapman Carol Harris 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4-5):397-407
Abstract The active ingredients in commercial formulations of malathion, oxamyl, carbaryl, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos diluted to “spray tank”; concentrations with buffered distilled or natural water of pH 4–9 were stable for at least 24 hr. Formulations of trichlorfon were not stable at pH 7 or above but disappearance rates were slower than for the pure chemical in homogeneous solution. Cupric ion was observed to be an effective catalyst for the hydrolysis of a variety of pure organophosphorus insecticides but did not catalyze hydrolysis of the active ingredients of the formulations examined. Increasing the dilution of the formulation increased the susceptibility of malathion, oxamyl, and carbaryl to hydrolysis. 相似文献
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Andreia Garcês Isabel Pires Paula Rodrigues 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2020,55(1):75-89
AbstractIn the last decades, the use and misuse of pesticides in the agriculture have increased, having a severe impact on ecosystems and their fauna. Although the various effects of pesticides on biodiversity have been already documented in several studies, to our knowledge no consistent overview of the impact of pesticides in vertebrates, both terrestrial and aquatic, is available. In this review, we try to present a concise compilation of the teratogenic effects of pesticides on the different classes of vertebrates – mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. 相似文献
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P.R. Fresquez J.D. Huchton M.A. Mullen L. Naranjo Jr. 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):611-622
Abstract One of the dominant tree species growing within and around the eastern portion of Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM, lands is the pinon pine (Pinus edulis). Pinon pine is used for firewood, fence posts, and building materials and is a source of nuts for food—the seeds are consumed by a wide variety of animals and are also gathered by people in the area and eaten raw or roasted. This study investigated the (1) concentration of 3H, 137Cs, 90Sr, totU, 238Pu, 239, 240Pu, and241 Am in soils (0‐ to 12‐in. [31 cm] depth underneath the tree), pinon pine shoots (PPS), and pinon pine nuts (PPN) collected from LANL lands and regional background (BG) locations, (2) committed effective dose equivalent (CEDE) from the ingestion of nuts, and (3) soil to PPS to PPN concentration ratios (CRs). Most radionuclides, with the exception of 3H in soils, were not significantly higher (p < 0.10) in soils, PPS, and PPN collected from LANL as compared to BG locations, and concentrations of most radionuclides in PPN from LANL have decreased over time. The maximum net CEDE (the CEDE plus two sigma minus BG) at the most conservative ingestion rate (10 lb [4.5 kg]) was 0.0018 mrem (0.018 μSv); this is far below the International Commission on Radiological Protection (all pathway) permissible dose limit of 100 mrem (1000 μSv). Soil‐to‐nut CRs for most radionuclides were within the range of default values in the literature for common fruits and vegetables. 相似文献
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Jennifer C. Anhalt Thomas B. Moorman William C. Koskinen 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):207-213
Degradation and sorption/desorption are important processes affecting the leaching of pesticides through soil. This research characterized the degradation and sorption of imidacloprid (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine) in Drummer (silty clay loam) and Exeter (sandy loam) surface soils and their corresponding subsurface soils using sequential extraction methods over 400 days. By the end of the incubation, approximately 55% of imidacloprid applied at a rate of 1.0 mg kg?1 degraded in the Exeter sandy loam surface and subsurface soils, compared to 40% of applied imidacloprid within 300 days in Drummer surface and subsurface soils. At the 0.1 mg kg?1 application rate, dissipation was slower for all four soils. Water-extractable imidacloprid in Exeter surface soil decreased from 98% of applied at day 1 to > 70% of the imidacloprid remaining after 400 d, as compared to 55% in the Drummer surface soil at day 1 and 12% at day 400. These data suggest that imidacloprid was bioavailable to degrading soil microorganisms and sorption/desorption was not the limiting factor for biodegradation. In subsurface soils > 40% of 14C-benzoic acid was mineralized over 21 days, demonstrating an active microbial community. In contrast, cumulative 14CO2 was less than 1.5% of applied 14C-imidacloprid in all soils over 400 d. Qualitative differences in the microbial communities appear to limit the degradation of imidacloprid in the subsurface soils. 相似文献