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1.
Defining acceptable conditions in wilderness 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The limits of acceptable change (LAC) planning framework recognizes that forest managers must decide what indicators of wilderness
conditions best represent resource naturalness and high-quality visitor experiences and how much change from the pristine
is acceptable for each indicator. Visitor opinions on the aspects of the wilderness that have great impact on their experience
can provide valuable input to selection of indicators. Cohutta, Georgia; Caney Creek, Arkansas; Upland Island, Texas; and
Rattlesnake, Montana, wilderness visitors have high shared agreement that littering and damage to trees in campsites, noise,
and seeing wildlife are very important influences on wilderness experiences. Camping within sight or sound of other people
influences experience quality more than do encounters on the trails. Visitors’ standards of acceptable conditions within wilderness
vary considerably, suggesting a potential need to manage different zones within wilderness for different clientele groups
and experiences. Standards across wildernesses, however, are remarkably similar. 相似文献
2.
Understanding how setting attributes influence the nature of the visitor experience is crucial to effective recreation management.
Highly influential attributes are useful indicators to monitor within a planning framework, such as Limits of Acceptable Change.
This study sought to identify the setting attributes perceived to have the most profound effect on the ability to have “a
real wilderness experience” and to assess the degree to which attribute importance varied with situational context and visitor
characteristics. To this end, exiting hikers were surveyed at moderate and very high use trailheads in Alpine Lakes Wilderness,
WA (USA), and Three Sisters Wilderness, OR (USA). They were asked about the degree to which encountering varying levels of
different setting attributes would add to or detract from their experience. Attributes with the largest range of effect on
experience, based on evaluations of different levels, were considered most important. The most influential attributes were
litter and several types of campsite interaction—people walking through camp and number of other groups camping close by.
The perceived importance of setting attributes did not vary much between wilderness locations with substantially different
use levels, suggesting that conclusions are robust and generalizable across wilderness areas. There also was little difference
in the perceptions of day and overnight visitors. In contrast, we found substantial variation in the perceived importance
of setting attributes with variation in wilderness experience, knowledge, attachment, and motivation. Our results validate
the emphasis of many wilderness management plans on indicators of social interaction, such as number of encounters. 相似文献
3.
Watson A Glaspell B Christensen N Lachapelle P Sahanatien V Gertsch F 《Environmental management》2007,40(6):880-888
Many public land management agencies are committed to understanding and protecting recreation visitor experiences. Parks Canada
is deeply committed to that objective for visitors to Canada’s National Parks. This 2004 study, informed by a 2003 qualitative
study of visitor experiences and influences on those experiences at Auyuittuq National Park in Nunavut, worked to bring 50
potential elements of visitor experiences down to five articulated dimensions of the experience that is currently being received
at this remote eastern arctic park. A hypothesized set of 17 influences on experiences, also reduced to just two factors with
similar response patterns, and with some items that did not flow into the two factors, were used in a regression analysis
to understand the relationship between experiences and factors of influence. A sample of 61.8% (84) of the total recreation
visitor population 16 years of age or older was surveyed during deregistration after the trip. Knowledge about the dimensions
of the experiences currently received and factors of influence on those experiences can be used to guide selection of indicators
for describing objectives and prescribing monitoring protocol. 相似文献
4.
In this article, we examine how issues of scale affect the integration of recreation management with the management of other
natural resources on public lands. We present two theories used to address scale issues in ecology and explore how they can
improve the two most widely applied recreation-planning frameworks. The theory of patch dynamics and hierarchy theory are
applied to the recreation opportunity spectrum (ROS) and the limits of acceptable change (LAC) recreation-planning frameworks.
These frameworks have been widely adopted internationally, and improving their ability to integrate with other aspects of
natural resource management has significant social and conservation implications. We propose that incorporating ecologic criteria
and scale concepts into these recreation-planning frameworks will improve the foundation for integrated land management by
resolving issues of incongruent boundaries, mismatched scales, and multiple-scale analysis. Specifically, we argue that whereas
the spatially explicit process of the ROS facilitates integrated decision making, its lack of ecologic criteria, broad extent,
and large patch size decrease its usefulness for integration at finer scales. The LAC provides explicit considerations for
weighing competing values, but measurement of recreation disturbances within an LAC analysis is often done at too fine a grain
and at too narrow an extent for integration with other recreation and resource concerns. We suggest that planners should perform
analysis at multiple scales when making management decisions that involve trade-offs among competing values. The United States
Forest Service is used as an example to discuss how resource-management agencies can improve this integration. 相似文献
5.
The wilderness use simulation model applied to Colorado River boating in Grand Canyon National Park,USA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A modification of the Shechter-Lucas Wilderness Use Simulation Model (WUSM) for peak season boating on the Colorado River through Grand Canyon National Park, USA, is evaluated as a tool for making management decisions. A new microcomputer program to select trip itineraries for inclusion in the WUSM that was developed as part of this study is presented. This program simplifies user input and expands the WUSM's usefulness as a tool for management decisions by randomizing itinerary schedules based on probabilities developed from actual use of sites by canyon visitors. Model usefulness is demonstrated by simulating various management changes and comparing use levels of attraction sites and campgrounds as well as numbers of encounters between parties. The WUSM is being used as part of an ongoing study, to reflect the impact of fluctuating flow regimes through the turbines at Glen Canyon Dam on river trips. 相似文献
6.
Influence of Social, Biophysical, and Managerial Conditions on Tourism Experiences Within the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
N = 1475) traveling with tourism operations of different sizes who traveled to different sites completed surveys. Results indicated
that snorkelers who traveled with larger operations (more people and infrastructure) differed from those traveling with smaller
operations (few people and little on-site infrastructure) on benefits received and in the way that specific conditions influenced
their enjoyment. Benefits related to nature, escape, and family helped to define reef experiences. Conditions related to coral,
fish, and operator staff had a positive influence on the enjoyment of most visitors but, number of people on the trip and
site infrastructure may have the greatest potential as setting indicators. Data support the potential usefulness of visitor
input in applying the LAC concept to a marine environment where tourism and recreational uses are rapidly changing. 相似文献
7.
Governance of water supply systems in the Palestinian Territories: A data envelopment analysis approach to the management of water resources 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This study demonstrates that data envelopment analysis (DEA) can be a useful tool to assess the relative efficiencies of water supply systems and to establish benchmarks with which to measure progress in the management of water resources. Frontier efficiency models measure the efficiency of water use in the Palestinian Territories (West Bank and the Gaza Strip). At the municipality level, sufficient data for the years 1999-2002 were available to estimate efficiency and stability scores. The Gaza Strip efficiency scores were considerably lower than those of the West Bank. Water losses were the major source of the inefficiency as indicated by the large slacks of this input. The relative sizes of the municipalities affect efficiency scores little. Palestinian policy makers should focus on rebuilding the infrastructure of the water networks, beginning with the most DEA inefficient municipalities in order to minimize water losses. 相似文献