稳定化技术在铅砷复合污染土壤修复中的应用

以铅砷复合污染土壤为研究对象,采用硫酸亚铁和氧化钙作为稳定剂,通过正交实验得出各因素对土壤中铅的稳定率影响程度的大小顺序为:氧化钙添加量>硫酸亚铁添加量=养护周期>两种稳定剂的交互作用.最佳实验条件为硫酸亚铁添加量2 g/kg,氧化钙添加量10 g/kg,养护时间2 d.添加硫酸亚铁后,土壤pH对砷的稳定化效果影响不大...     

化学还原法在Cr污染土壤修复中的应用

综述了Cr的地球化学特性和毒理学特性、化学还原反应机理和作用特点,分析了原位和异位化学还原法在Cr污染土壤修复中的应用,并对技术的工程实践提出建议.     

石油污染土壤的微生物修复技术

介绍了石油污染土壤微生物修复技术的影响因素;概述了生物刺激、生物强化、固定化微生物、植物-微生物联合修复以及电动-微生物联合修复石油污染土壤的技术原理,分析了现阶段土壤修复过程中面临的难题,预测了微生物修复技术的研究方向。指出优化微生物的环境条件、培育新型高效的基因工程菌和开发经济高效的新型修复技术等将是未来微生物修复技术的发展趋势。     

表面活性剂在多环芳烃污染土壤修复中的应用

介绍了单一表面活性剂（非离子表面活性剂、生物表面活性剂）、阴-非离子混合表面活性剂对多环芳烃的增溶作用、增溶机理及无机离子对表面活性剂增溶能力的影响,综述了化学表面活性剂和生物表面活性剂在污染土壤生物修复中的应用。由于生物表面活性剂具有许多独特的优点,今后应加强生物表面活性剂的开发与应用研究。     

微波辐照技术修复氯丹污染土壤

采用微波辐照技术修复氯丹污染土壤。以α-氯丹和γ-氯丹的去除率为评价指标,采用正交实验设计确定土壤中氯丹去除的最佳微波辐照条件。实验结果表明,当微波辐照强度为5.83W/g、微波辐照时间为20min、土壤含水率为15%时,土壤中氯丹的去除效果最好,去除率达到85%以上。微波辐照技术简单高效,易于控制,且无二次污染,具有可行性,可作为修复氯丹污染土壤的新方法。     

石油污染土壤修复技术的进展

综述了石油污染土壤修复技术的发展现状及存在的瓶颈,分析了石油污染对油-水-土界面性质、土-水关系和土壤渗透性等水理性质的影响.对石油污染土壤再利用于工程建设进行了探讨,并总结了石油污染土壤主要的力学性质变化,为石油污染土壤修复技术的工程实践和机理研究提供参考.     

生物泥浆技术修复多环芳烃污染土壤研究进展

生物泥浆技术作为一种污染土壤生物修复技术,具有修复效率高、修复时间短及修复成本低等优点。本文介绍了生物泥浆修复设备的结构及修复工艺流程,例举了生物泥浆技术修复多环芳烃（PAHs）污染土壤的典型案例,探讨了生物泥浆技术修复PAHs污染土壤效果的主要影响因素：PAHs理化性质、PAHs污染浓度和污染时间、微生物、泥浆水土比、电子受体、传质过程等。展望了生物泥浆技术未来的发展方向：通过分子生物学工具监控、调节生物修复,促进泥浆内部微生物群落活动,有针对性地提高微生物对PAHs的修复能力。     

重金属污染土壤的修复技术研究进展及发展前景

目前,我国重金属污染呈现出长期积累和近期集中爆发、历史遗留问题和新出现问题相交织的特点,重金属污染在环境中存在多、形态多,整治重金属污染是一项长期、复杂、艰巨的任务.重金属污染物极难降解,尤其是存在于水和土壤中的重金属兼具富集性,是不可逆转的.重点阐述了重金属污染土壤的修复技术研究进展及发展前景.     

土壤氰化物污染生物修复技术研究进展

综述了植物修复、微生物修复和生物联合修复等土壤氰化物污染生物修复技术的降解机理、降解途径及降解影响因素的研究进展,探讨了氰化物生物修复技术的发展趋势和应用前景。指出基于提高修复时效和针对土壤复合污染类型的多技术融合研究、基于提高微生物耐受性和降解效率的菌株固定化及菌根真菌-植物联合技术研究以及基于工程化应用为导向的现场试验研究是未来研究的重点领域,为土壤氰化物污染的综合治理和修复提出了新思路。     

石油污染土壤的生物修复技术研究

通过实验室选择性富集培养,从大庆石油污染土壤中获得了能以大庆原油为碳源快速生长的石油降解菌。采用该降解菌对原油污染土壤进行了原位生物联合修复实验。接入降解菌的处理单元分别种植大豆、碱草或加入蓬松剂,与空白试样作对比。各处理单元石油污染土壤中石油烃含量初始值为2228．25mg／kg（以1kg干土计）。经过135d的生物联合修复,石油烃降解率达63．65％-83．26％。     

Combined thermal and zero‐valent iron In Situ soil mixing remediation technology

Thermal remediation of contaminated soils and groundwater by injection of hot air and steam using large‐diameter auger in situ soil mixing effectively remediates volatile and semivolatile organic compounds. This technology removes large amounts of contamination during the early treatment stages, but extended treatment times are needed to achieve high removal percentages. Combining thermal treatment with another technology that can be injected and mixed into the soil, and that continues to operate after removal of the drilling equipment, improves removal efficiency, and reduces cost. Using field‐determined pseudo first‐order removal rates, the cost of the combined remediation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) by thermal treatment followed by reductive dechlorination by iron powder has been estimated as 57 percent of the cost of thermal treatment alone. This analysis was applied to a case‐study remediation of 48,455 cubic yards, which confirmed the cost estimate of the combined approach and showed over 99.8 percent removal of trichloroethene and other chlorinated VOCs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A laboratory pilot study of thermal decontamination of soils polluted by PCBs. Comparison with thermogravimetric analysis

Real soils contaminated with a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls were thermally decontaminated in a laboratory scale thermal desorption apparatus, under different operating conditions including two operating pressures (P= 0.01 and 0.1 MPa), different sample masses (80-320 g), carrier gas flow rates (0-30-280 Nl h(-1)) and two initial contamination levels. A standard European soil artificially contaminated with 4-chlorobiphenyl was decontaminated using a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA). The same parametric study as cited earlier was performed. With both techniques, the extent of decontamination was studied as a function of temperature during the heating programs (2-3 degrees C min(-1) for the thermal desorption apparatus; 5 degrees C min(-1) for TGA). Only a few differences were noticed between the two techniques. The decontamination starts when the melting temperature of the contaminant is reached (30 degrees C) and is complete before 350 degrees C. Thermogravimetric analysis which does not necessitate any chemical analysis appears to be a very attractive technique to investigate the feasibility of a decontamination and to quickly determine the best operating conditions.     

Use of fungal technology in soil remediation: A Case Study

Two white rot fungi Irpex lacteus and Pleurotus ostreatus and a PAH-degrading bacterial strain of Pseudomonas putida were used as inoculum for bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil from a manufactured-gas-plant-area. Also two cocultures comprising a fungus with Pseudomonas putida were applied. After 10-week treatment out of 12 different PAHs, concentration of phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene decreased up to 66%. The ecotoxicity of the soil after bioremediation did not reveal any effect on the survival of Daphnia magna, a crustacian. However, the toxic effect on seed germination of plant Brassica alba and oxidoreductase activity of bacterium Bacillus cereus decreased after 5 and 10 weeks of treatment.     

土壤残留塑料的热降解脱附研究

针对土壤的塑料污染问题,提出一种采用热脱附降解技术修复污染土壤的方法.选取4种土壤中常见的残留塑料(聚乙烯(PE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、聚丙烯(PP))为研究对象,通过控制热解温度和土壤含水率对各污染土壤的修复效果进行探究.实验结果表明:在500℃的最佳热解温度下处理60 min,PE、P...     

Managing petroleum refining wastes by thermal desorption

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has developed regulations under the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984 to restrict the land disposal of hazardous wastes. As a result of the regulations, all hazardous wastes to be placed on the land must meet treatment standards based on the performance of the best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) identified for individual waste classifications. The Marathon Oil Company is currently evaluating innovative technologies for managing listed waste materials, with a focus on waste minimization and recycling. Remediation Technologies, Inc. (ReTeC) has conducted testing on wastewater treatment sludges from three Marathon refineries using a proprietary thermal desorption technology. The results from these tests have demonstrated that the technology has the ability to consistently meet BDAT treatment standards, while preferentially separating and condensing residual moisture and oils from the material.     

Remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils by fluidized thermal desorption

A novel type of fluidized bed desorber was developed for the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils at low temperature with high efficiency. Cahn balance® was utilized to investigate the thermal desorption behavior of soils contaminated by various hydrocarbons. The performance of the fluidized-bed desorber was investigated at different operating modes. Batch operation of the fluidized-bed desorber exhibited 99.9% desorption efficiency at temperatures of ca. 300°C within a half hour. Continuous operation of the fluidized-bed indicated that Q/F (the ratio of the mass flow rate of fluidizing gas to feeding rate of contaminated soils) is less important at higher temperature (>300°C), if proper fluidization is ensured. The periodic operation of the fluidized bed desorber shows the possibility to reduce off-gas volume significantly.     

Augmenting in-situ remediation by soil vapor extraction with six-phase soil heating

The use and performance of soil vapor extraction (SVE) as an in-situ remedial technology has been limited at numerous sites because of both geologic and chemical factors. SVE systems are not well suited to sites containing low permeability soils or sites contaminated with recalcitrant compounds. Six-phase soil heating (SPSH) has been developed by the Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories (Battelle) to enhance SVE systems. The technology utilizes resistive soil heating to increase the vapor pressure of subsurface contaminants and to generate an in-situ source of steam. The steam strips contaminants sorbed onto soil surfaces and acts as a carrier gas, providing an enhanced mechanism by which the contaminants can reach an extraction well. Full-scale applications of SPSH have been performed at the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in Aiken, South Carolina; at a former fire training site in Niagara Falls, New York; and at Fort Richardson near Anchorage, Alaska. At each site, chlorinated solvents were present in low permeability soils and SPSH was applied in conjunction with SVE. The results of the three applications showed that SPSH is a cost-effective technology that can reduce the time required to remediate a site using only conventional SVE.     

A European approach to increase innovative soil and groundwater remediation technology applications

The European Commission (EC) has recognized a need for strengthening innovation of environmental technologies in order to increase competitiveness of European technologies on a global market and to achieve a more sustainable development in Europe. In the area of soil and groundwater remediation, innovative technologies are principally available and have proven applicability and performance on demonstration scales, but market uptake is disappointing. Consequently, initiatives have been launched in order to promote application of these technologies and to investigate on the harmonization of applications. The European Co‐ordination Action for Demonstration of Efficient Soil and Groundwater Remediation (EURODEMO), an EC‐funded project, is one strategic initiative for supporting these goals. This article summarizes results obtained so far regarding the investigation of the European situation and some undertaken and envisaged measures to achieve better market uptake. The results of this research project may serve as prerequisites for a European Environmental Technologies Verification (ETV) process. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.