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1.
闸坝河流水质模型及实例研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
分析了闸坝控制河流具有水库特征,在比较已有闸坝河道水质模型的基础上,提出应在以下两方面改进,必须考虑蓄水量的变化,应能反映出水质沿程变化,在此基础上研制了新的闸坝河道水质模型,并进行了案例研究,证明了模型的有效性。 相似文献
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杭州市区备用饮用水源地水质状况及安全分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
于2012—2014年对杭州市区贴沙河、珊瑚沙水库、湘湖、三白潭和喜庵港5个备用饮用水源地进行了109项指标及水质急性毒性监测,并采用加拿大水质指数法进行水质安全评价。结果显示,珊瑚沙水库水质基本符合生活饮用水源地一级保护区Ⅱ类水质标准,其余4个备用饮用水源地水质均不达标;各备用饮用水源地特定项目有少数指标检出但均未超标;湘湖、珊瑚沙水库和贴沙河水质安全已受到影响,三白潭和喜庵港水质安全性差;各备用饮用水源地水质均无急性毒性。 相似文献
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基于模型法的松花江流域“十一五”总量减排水质改善效益分析研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
定量评估"十一五"期间总量减排的水质改善效益,科学真实反映减排成效,是重点流域总量减排工作持续进行的关键。以松花江流域为例,核算不实施总量减排情景下松花江流域的COD排放量,基于流域一维水质模型、SPARROW模型、GBNP模型等建立松花江流域COD排放总量与水质的对应关系,模拟预测不减排情景下各断面的COD浓度。研究结果表明,流域一维水质模型的模拟结果相对合理,根据模型预测,若不实施减排,2010年松花江流域总体COD将增幅20.5%,其中干流COD浓度增幅4.2%,支流COD浓度增幅36.0%。 相似文献
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常州市平原环状河网水环境改善方案情景模拟 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《环境工程学报》2015,(10)
基于常州市平原河网水力特性,建立相应水环境模型,运用一维圣维南方程组模拟研究区河网水文变化,CSTR水质模型模拟水质指标COD、TN变化,利用2012年7月与2013年4月水文水质同步监测数据对模拟结果的验证表明,模型可以较为准确地反映研究区河网水文水质变化情况。并针对影响河网水质的3个要素(上游引水、污染源和自净能力)设置8个不同改善方案情景,分析河网水质与3个要素的响应关系。结果表明,保证上游引水水质良好的情况下,上游开闸引水更有利于研究区主干河道新澡港河、老澡港河东支河与北塘河水环境的改善,而对于内部河道柴支浜南支河,则需提高上游污水厂出水水质的同时,改善该河段水生态环境,提高其自净能力。研究结果为研究区水系改善措施和规划提供了有力的科学依据和指导。 相似文献
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为探究基于流域水质目标的入河排污口排放标准与排污许可的实施路径,以北京清河为例,通过入河排污口实地摸排,确定了22个入河排污口和5个河道断面,并于2019年3—10月对27个采样点进行12次水样采集,对水样COD、氨氮、TN和TP进行检测。基于研究河段实测数据,应用MIKE11模型构建流域水动力水质模型,分析3种情景组合的截污纳管方案(方案1)、截污减排方案(方案2)对河段水质的改善效果,以及减排方案在雨期、非雨期对河段水质的污染影响。结果表明:(1)与方案1相比,方案2下研究河段水质状况明显改善,下游出水断面(Q5断面)的COD、氨氮、TN和TP模拟值分别降低49.08%、61.27%、65.80%、63.86%;COD、氨氮、TN和TP排放总量分别削减了541.95、46.13、216.79、8.30t/a。(2)雨期雨水汇入河段后,各污染物达标情况反而恶化,因此应做好入河排污口的污染管控,科学控制入河排污口雨期污染。 相似文献
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综合调水对苏州河周边水系水质影响的数值模拟 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
进行长期有效的水资源综合调度是实现2010年苏州河河水变清的综合整治目标的一项重要措施。为进一步论证该项措施对周边水系的水质影响,为综合调水提供科学的决策依据,利用MIKE11模型系统建立了上海市苏州河水系的水动力、水质模型,进行苏州河综合调水对黄浦江以及蕴藻浜水质的影响作用的数值模拟。分析表明,苏州河综合调水对松浦大桥取水口水质基本没有影响,并可以在一定程度上改善黄浦江干流中下游河段的水质;东引北排初期会增加蕴藻浜干流的污染负荷,持续调水6d后蕴藻浜干流河段的水质将得到改善。 相似文献
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针对白龙江沿岸农业种植、畜禽养殖等产业发展影响河流水质的问题,以甘肃省南部白龙江流域为研究对象,采用改进输出系数模型计算丰、平、枯水年等典型水文情景下流域内工业、农村生活垃圾、农村生活污水、畜禽养殖、城镇生活污水、城镇径流和农田径流等污染源污染负荷,基于InfoWorks ICM构建了白龙江水动力水质模型,模拟分析COD、TN、NH4+-N和TP等污染负荷分布特征,评估了最不利水文条件下白龙江水质污染风险,验证了该模型在流域水质污染模拟评估的适用性。研究结果表明,不同水文情景下污染物入河负荷主要来源存在显著差异,如丰水年和平水年农田径流是COD污染的主要来源,污染负荷分别达到1 382.56、1 058.98 t,而枯水年污染源主要是城镇径流。污染物负荷存在明显空间差异,研究区内子流域污染负荷空间分布不均匀,高污染负荷主要出现在中下游子流域。白龙江水质在汛期和非汛期差异较大,非汛期水质更差。通过模拟最不利水文情景(枯水年非汛期)发现,研究区内白龙江NH4+-N浓度最大位置出现在中下游,最高可达1.4... 相似文献
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Water quantity and quality dynamics of the THC — Tuyamuyun Hydroengineering Complex — And implications for reservoir operation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Froebrich J Bauer M Ikramova M Olsson O 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(6):435-442
Background In the Aral Sea basin, safe water resources are scarce and steadily becoming scarcer. Particularly high quality water is going
to become a rare good.
The object of the study was the Tuyamuyun Hydroengineering Complex (THC), a complex of artificial water reservoirs located
in the lower Amu Darya River, which provides water for irrigation, industry, and drinking for the lower Amu Darya region.
The focus was on operation of one of its four reservoirs, the Kaparas, which is mainly used for drinking water supply. The
objective includes the investigation of impacts of conventional operation schemes on the reservoir water quality for improving
drinking water quality (salinity). Basic operation rules for Kaparas, which can be considered as representative for conventional
dam operation under dry year conditions, had to be identified and improved operation schemes derived.
Methods Existing data archives were analysed, and further data were acquired from field surveys, data processing and modelling studies.
Historical data were identified, which are appropriate to determine representative schemes for the conventional operation.
For the simulation of time-dependent and depth-dependent changes of reservoir salinisation, the reservoir water quality model
Lac was used and linked with the THC model.
Results and Discussion Modelling results for the simulation of temperature dynamics and density stratification showed a sufficient congruence with
the measured temperature profiles. The conformity of measured and calculated salt concentration is basically ensured. The
reservoir, which fill with higher saline water at the end of the summer, aggravates the entrainment of high saline water in
the entire water column.
Conclusions The current conventional operation regime mainly leads to filling the Kaparas reservoir with high saline water during the
winter months. Even in the event of starting with comparable low salinity levels, the simulation demonstrates the rapid deterioration
of the reservoir water quality. Under dry year conditions, the WHO standards for drinking water will be exceeded by 30% after
two years, so that the impact of dry years in the context of water stress becomes visible.
Recommendations and Outlook Processed data and results are now available to identify enhanced reservoir operation strategies for salinity reduction by
changing the period of reservoir filling and release, as well as to initiate a detailed analysis of how water deficits in
dry years may be reduced by improved operation regimes. Using adapted and enhanced operation rules for THC reservoirs, the
local population within the lower Aral Sea basin might be supplied with more potable water of higher quality in future. 相似文献
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基于聚类分析和水质标识指数的水质评价方法 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
为探讨一种适用于大尺度、多断面和长时间的水质评价方法,用层次聚类分析将2006~2008年海河5个监测断面的165个水质样本分为20组,并用方差分析验证了结果的可靠性。用综合水质标识指数表示水质样本的综合特征,与单因子评价法相比,该方法充分考虑了最差水质因子的影响,避免了单因子评价法以偏概全的缺陷,且分辨率高。将评价结果分解到各断面,结果表明:密云水库、官厅水库和于桥水库的水质处于II~III类水之间,可满足作为饮用水水源水的要求,三岔口断面大部分时间为IV~V类水,张家口八号桥断面全年有6个月以上水质属于劣V类。 相似文献
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为了解决汾河公园景观水体因缺乏稳定充足的补水水源而导致的水景效果下降、水质逐渐变差的困境,考虑将再生水作为其主要的补水水源。使用EFDC—WASP水动力水质耦合模型对不同的再生水补水方案下汾河公园水质时空变化进行了模拟。结果显示,当公园采用人工湿地深度处理后的再生水联合水库水共同补水时,除TN指标浓度部分时段内出现超过V类标准限值50%的情况,其他TP、COD、NHf—N主要水质指标浓度均能有效地维持在地表水Ⅱ~Ⅲ类标准,并且叶绿色a浓度始终保持在较低水平。该结果表明,再生水经人工湿地深度处理后联合水库共同补水方案可以作为汾河公园景观水系的推荐补水方案。 相似文献
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作为南水北调输水明渠的京杭大运河,将成为受水区人民的生命河。因此,对北调的水质如何保证不受其污染,就要对每一个可能产生的污染源采取有效的防治措施。 相似文献
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Water Security in Uzbekistan: Implication of Return Waters on the Amu Darya Water Quality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Crosa G Stefani F Bianchi C Fumagalli A 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(1):37-42
- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/espr2006.01.007
Goal, Scope and Background Amu Darya river, one of the main water resources of Uzbekistan, shows a relevant longitudinal enrichment of soluble contents
which strongly limits the human uses of its waters. Because of the low natural run-off processes, salts and pollutants are
mainly driven to the river by the return waters used for washing and irrigating the surrounding lands. The influence of return
waters on stream quality is dramatically relevant in the lower reaches of the river where almost all the flowing waters have
been previously used for the agriculture practises. To provide analytical evidence on the potential effects of return waters
on the quality of the Amu Darya river, the paper reports and comments data on salinity and metals contents of the waters flowing
in the artificial channel network of Bukhara and in the Amu Darya river, from Bukhara up to the dam forming the Tuyamuyn Hydro
Complex (THC).
Methods A total of 15 sampling sites were selected for the analytical survey: Two sites were located on the Amu Darya river downstream
from the inflow of the return waters from Bukhara, two in the river entering in the THC, and three downstream from the dam
forming the reservoir complex. The waters entering and leaving the Bukhara agricultural area were sampled in two main collectors,
while the waters flowing in the channel system were sampled in six distinct collectors. The following parameters were considered
in the survey: pH, Oxygen, Hardness, Salinity, Conductivity, P-PO4 3–, P tot, N tot, N-NO3 2–, N-NO2 –, COD, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe,
Mn, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb.
Results and Discussion Salt concentrations below 1000 mg/l were measured in the Amu Darya waters upstream to Bukhara. In the drainage system, salinity
exceeds the palatability limit and reaches the maximum peak of 3200 mg/l in the outflow collector. Due to dilution effects,
salinity returns to lower values (400–700 mg/l) along the Amu Darya river downstream from Bukhara; calcium and magnesium resulted
the major constituents of the overall salinity. No serious metal contaminations were detected in the waters entering and leaving
the examined channel system. Differently, the Amu Darya waters upstream to the THC showed a relevant metal contamination,
with Cr, Ni, Fe concentrations exceeding the limits for human consumption. In the downstream sites, located in the Tuyamuyn
Hydro Complex and in the Amu Darya river flowing out from this reservoir, excluding Fe, all the examined metals showed lover
concentrations and values below the normative limits.
Conclusion The direct human consumption of the lower Amu Darya waters is strongly limited by salinity and by metal contamination. Although
the salinity of the return waters from the Bukhara drainage system results in above normal limits, no corresponding increases
were measured in the Amu Darya river downstream from the return water inflow at the time of the survey. As for the metal contamination
of the Amu Darya river, the survey revealed the presence of relevant sources of metal contamination downstream from Bukhara
external to the agricultural drainage system. This contamination resulted in reduced sedimentation processes taking place
in the limnetic zones of the Amu Darya river upstream to the dam forming the Tuyamuyn Hydro Complex.
Recommendation and Outlook To fully understand the longitudinal increase of Amu Darya salinity, an evaluation of the cumulative effects of the loads
from the main agricultural areas is required, also by using mass-balance models. As for the metals, an investigation should
be addressed to identify the anthropogenic sources of contaminations present in the lower Amu Darya region and the metal loads
should be diverted. 相似文献
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为探索河流水质模型参数新的求解方法,根据有限的实测数据,分别应用免疫进化优化算法和免疫进化优选的捕食搜索算法,对河流水质模型计算公式中的多参数进行优化。将优化得到的计算公式用于国内外若干河流的河段中DO浓度值的拟合,并与实测结果进行了比较。结果表明,将免疫进化优化算法或免疫进化优选的捕食搜索算法优化得到的水质模型参数精度不仅较高,而且相对稳定,从而为河流水质模型参数的优化提供了一种新方法。 相似文献
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南苕溪支流锦溪水质时空变化特征分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
综合运用灰色聚类法、综合污染指数法、等级聚类法就南苕溪支流锦溪近年水质时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明,锦溪入青山水库断面水质2005—2009年逐年改善,2007年后达到灰色聚类等级Ⅲ类水质要求;2009年秋季至2010年夏季期间秋、冬两季的污染程度高于春、夏季节;枯水期综合污染指数最高,但TN、TP污染分指数在丰水期最高,表明污染源中面源污染已占相当比例。空间变化方面从玲珑桥到江桥锦溪水质的综合污染指数不断提升,到江桥时达到极值13.25,锦溪末端三眼桥断面水质较江桥断面有所改善;SPSS空间聚类分析可分为轻污染区(从玲珑桥到冬韵桥)、重污染区(从群利桥到江桥)和中度污染区(从江桥到三眼桥)。锦溪上游农业区对河水中的COD、TN和TP的贡献率分别为66%、54%和49%,农业面源污染已成为制约锦溪水质改善的主要因素。 相似文献