海洋产毒甲藻——塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tarmarense)基因组DNA微卫星位点分离

采用FIASCO(Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing repeats site)方法富集、分离海洋产毒甲藻——塔玛亚历山大藻基因组DNA微卫星位点。结果发现,测序分析的22个克隆中全部含有微卫星位点,插入片段大小为175-687 bp,微卫星DNA的重复数最低4次,最高27次,平均11次;在全部的39个微卫星位点中,其中25个属于完美重复型,13个不完美重复型,1个复合型。为塔玛亚历山大藻系统进化生物学、分子生态学研究提供了很好的标记位点。     

Isolation and characterization of a bacterial strain that efficiently degrades sex steroid hormones

A bacterial strain, ZY3, growing on sex steroid hormones as the sole source of carbon and energy was isolated from the sewage treatment plant of a prophylactic steroids factory. ZY3 degrades the 3-methoxy-17β-hydroxy-1,3,5(10),8(9)-δ-4-estren (MHE). This strain was preliminarily identified as Raoultella sp. ZY3 according to its morphology and its 16S rRNA gene sequence. During the experimental period (72 h), the optimum temperature, pH and 3-MHE concentration for the degradation of hydride by the strain ZY3 were 35°C, 10 and 10 mg/L, respectively. The degradation rate of the sex steroid hormones increased to 87% and 85% after the addition of maltose and peptone, respectively. Translated from China Environmental Science, 2005, 25(5): 585–588 [译自: 中国环境科学]     

Early loss and multiple return of the lower temporal arcade in diapsid reptiles

The temporal arches of diapsid reptiles have received attention for several decades. In particular, it has been observed that the lower temporal bar at the ventral margin of the cheek is frequently reduced due to the absence of a contact between jugal and quadratojugal. The loss of the arcade was formerly considered to be of high systematic value, but is now often interpreted as being autapomorphic for the respective taxon, and the presence of both arcades is generally regarded as a plesiomorphic feature. Here I show, based on a cladistic analysis as well as on further anatomical evidence, that the lower temporal arcade was lost only once in diapsid evolution, and that the presence of the arch in "higher" diapsids is secondary, which is indicated by the different ratio between jugal and quadratojugal as well as by ontogeny. This result also sheds new light on the understanding of the cheek configuration of enigmatic taxa such as ichthyosaurs and turtles.Electronic Supplementary Material  Supplementary material is available for this article if you access the article at . A link in the frame on the left on that page takes you directly to the supplementary material.     

Application of the analytic hierarchy process to select characterization and risk-based decision-making and management methods for hazardous waste sites

Environmental managers at U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) installations overseas are faced with the challenge of managing contaminated sites at these installations with little information on the extent of contamination or the risk posed by the site. In this regard, DoD managers overseas encounter a situation quite similar to the situation faced by decision makers in the U.S. who are managing brownfields. Innovative site characterization and risk-based decision-making methods, which are currently being developed for expeditious application at brownfield sites in the U.S., may also be appropriate for application at overseas DoD sites. In this paper, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used by DoD decision makers to evaluate and rank innovative site characterization technologies and risk-based decision-making and management methods, for use at installations in Korea. Results indicate that for sites with high potential risk the decision makers preferred site characterization technologies that produce data of high quality and a method that can be used to establish credible risk-based remediation goals. This study provides a framework for applying characterization technologies and risk management to poorly characterized contaminated sites in developing countries, where resources for remedial actions may be limited.     

Isolation of marine benzo[a]pyrene-degrading Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 and proteins characterization

A bacterial strain BAP5 with a relatively high degradation ability of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was isolated from marine sediments of Xiamen Western Sea, China and identified as Ochrobactrum sp. according to 16S rRNA gene sequence as well as Biolog microbial identification system. Strain BAP5 could grow in mineral salt medium with 50 mg/L of BaP and degrade about 20% BaP after 30 d of incubation. Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was able to utilize other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (such as phenanthrene, pyrene and fluoranthene) as the sole carbon source and energy source, suggesting its potential application in PAHs bioremediation. The profile of total soluble protein from Ochrobactrum sp. BAP5 was also investigated. Some over- and special-expressed proteins of strain BAP5 when incubated with the presence of BaP were detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and found to be related with PAHs metabolism, DNA translation, and energy production based on peptide fingerprint analysis through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.     

Isolation of a Pseudomonas Stutzeri strain that degrades 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and characterization of its degradative plasmid

The genetic information encoding metabolic pathways for xenobiotic compounds in bacteria often resides on catabolic plasmids. The aim of the present work was to know the location of the genes for degrading 1,2,4-trichlorobenzen. In this paper a 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene-degrading strain THSL-1 was isolated from the soil of Tianjin Chemical Plant using 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as the sole carbon source. The strain was identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri through morphologic survey and 16S rDNA sequence determination. A plasmid was discovered from strain THSL-1 by using the alkali lysis method. When the plasmid was transformed into E. coli. JM109 by the CaCl₂ method, the transformant could grow using 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as the sole carbon source and had the degradation function of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Therefore, it could be deemed that the plasmid carried the degradative genes of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The average size of the plasmid was finally determined to be 40.2 Kb using selectively three kinds of restricted inscribed enzymes (HindIII, BamHI, and XholI) for single cutting and double cutting the plasmid pTHSL-1, respectively. __________ Translated from China Environmental Science, 2005, 25(4): 385–388 [译自: 中国环境科学]     

微囊藻毒素分离及鉴定

微囊藻毒素是一类由蓝藻产生的具有肝毒性的生物毒素。微囊藻毒素标准品是开展为微囊藻毒素相关研究的必需的实验材料,文章以滇池天然水华蓝藻为原料,建立了以5%乙酸和75%的甲醇溶液提取,通过优化提取、分离和制备条件,制备了一定量的微囊藻毒素高纯度样品,经HPLC鉴定分析,纯度可达90%以上。文章在相同的质谱条件下分别对MC-LR和[Dha7]MC-LR等毒素进行了质谱检测,一级质谱结果表明,MC-LR和[Dha7]MC-LR的一价电离离子峰分别为995和981,MC-RR的二价电离离子峰为520,并分析它们的二级质谱裂解特征,确定三种毒素化学结构MC-RR为环(Ala-Arg-MeAsp-Arg-Adda-Glu-Mdha)、MC-LR为环(Ala-Leu-MeAsp-Arg-Adda-Glu-Mdha)、[Dha7]MC-LR为环(Ala-Leu-MeAsp-Arg-Adda-Glu-Dha)。改良后的检测方法同样应用于检测受微囊藻毒素污染的武汉东湖水样。     

土壤芘降解菌的分离及特性研究

本研究分离纯化出芘的高效降解菌株,并探讨了菌株在土壤环境中对芘降解情况,主要结论如下：通过富集培养的方法分离得到2株对芘具有较强降解能力的菌株：芽孢杆菌B6和假单孢菌B17。2菌株对除能有效降解利用芘外,还能有效利用苯、萘、菲、甲苯、苯酚、邻苯二酚和1一萘酚等多种芳香类化合物,具有一定的应用前景。     

无机磷细菌的分离、筛选和鉴定

通过配制相应的适合无机磷细菌生长的培养基,分别从麦根际、茶根际和被草木灰覆盖的土壤中分离筛选出了三株细菌.通过常规的细菌分离、筛选和鉴定的步骤,并且查阅相关文献资料,初步得出这三株菌均属于邻单孢菌属(Plesiomonas Habs and Schubert).无机磷细菌是一种重要的土壤细菌,能够分解磷灰石[Ca3(PO4)2]等难溶性物质释放出磷,从而明显地改善土壤的品质.     

硫酸盐还原菌的分离和生理特性研究

从受氯碱化工废水严重污染的湖北鸭儿湖1号氧化塘底泥中分离获得了硫酸盐还原菌,研究了其生理特性以及温度、pH、盐度、Fe2+和硫化物等环境因子对其的影响。结果显示,该硫酸盐还原菌营厌氧生活,革兰氏染色呈阴性,可以乳酸钠为碳源(电子供体),硫酸盐等为硫源(电子受体),该过程中有H2S的产生。该菌在35℃、pH7.0、0.7%的盐度、0.5g/LFe2+和不含硫化物等条件下,达到最佳生长状态。     

荧蒽降解菌株的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

对一株荧蒽降解菌进行了分离鉴定并对其降解特性进行了研究。经16S r RNA序列比对鉴定该菌株(FLA-2-JM)属芽胞杆菌(Bacillus sp.)。该菌株对荧蒽等高环芳烃有较好的降解效果。在30~℃,p H=7的条件下,102 h内对50 mg/L荧蒽的降解率达89.74%,对菲、芴、芘的降解率分别为70.01%、65.43%、61.44%。此外,发现该菌株降解荧蒽的最适温度为30℃,最适p H为7,且相关性显著(P<0.05)。从降解产物9-芴酮和水杨酸羟化酶以及邻苯二酚双加氧酶的活性推测FLA-2-JM菌株对荧蒽的降解可能是通过邻苯二甲酸途径和水杨酸途径。     

除臭微生物分离及效果测定

为治理禽畜废弃物产生的恶臭对环境的污染，采用合适的分离方法从环境中分离了诸多除臭微生物，并且通过初筛和复筛相结合的方法成功地筛选出具有减少氨气释放量64%以上，硫化氢释放量50%以上，降低2个臭味等级的微生物F1。结果表明，选择合适的分离方法是分离除臭微生物的关键，初筛和复筛相结合可以快速，有效地筛选除臭微生物，除臭生物F1显示了良好的应用前景。     

Isolation and cultivation of mature oligodendroglial cells

CNS axons are ensheathed by myelin which is produced and maintained by oligodendrocytes. A disorder of this assembly results in functional disturbances, e.g., paralysis in multiple sclerosis. Methods are now available to isolate and cultivate oligodendrocytes in vitro. Thus, basic oligodendroglial properties can be now investigated: signals for oligodendroglial gene expression and their role in myelinogenesis and the interaction between oligodendrocytes and other neural cells by, e.g., the release of informational substances.     

微囊藻毒素的分离、纯化和制备

以天然水华蓝藻为原料,建立了以甲醇溶液提取、固相萃取和半制备色谱分离为主要步骤的微囊藻毒素分离纯化方法.通过优化提取、分离和制备条件,制备了一定量的微囊藻毒素MC-LR和MC-RR高纯度样品,样品经HPLC鉴定分析,纯度可达98%以上,干燥后可得2种微囊藻毒素纯品分别为MC-RR:121.1μg,MC-LR:62.8μg.     

嘧菌酯降解菌的分离及降解动力学分析

由于嘧菌酯的广泛使用和残留对环境中非靶标生物有氧化胁迫作用,所以其危害越来越引起人们的关注。该文驯化筛选出一株高效降解嘧菌酯的菌株,并探讨了其修复嘧菌酯污染的最适条件。利用嘧菌酯为唯一碳源筛选能有效降解嘧菌酯的菌株G7,对菌株进行形态生理生化特征试验及16S r RNA基因同源性分析确定该菌株的系统发育学地位。通过响应面分析法和正交试验确定菌株G7外界和液体降解最优条件。经过优化培养基和外界培养条件后得到48 h后在K2HPO42 810 mg/L,KH_2PO_4781 mg/L,NH_4NO_31 000 mg/L,(NH_4)_2SO_4821.39 mg/L,Na Cl 825.16 mg/L,Mg SO_4·7H_2O 1 000 mg/L,嘧菌酯168.86 mg/L,p H为7.25,温度37℃,摇床转速为175 r/min的条件下降解率最高为84.17%,并确定了G7菌株为施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri),通过降解动力学建立了降解过程的数学模型。     

氯氰菊酯降解菌的筛选及其降解特性的初步研究

以氯氰菊酯为唯一碳源从土壤中分离筛选得到22株氯氰菊酯降解菌,其中G201和G203降解活性较高且稳定性较好,选择这2株菌进一步研究了培养条件对降解率及降解速率的影响。结果表明,2株菌在中性培养液中降解率达到最大;菌株G201当氯氰菊酯的质量浓度不超过200mg·L-1时降解速率与浓度成正比;外加少量碳、氮源如淀粉、葡萄糖、牛肉膏、蛋白胨淀粉等,可以显著提高菌株的降解能力。