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本文以可持续发展和保护生态环境的观点,针对中国城市垃圾年产1.2亿吨及历年积存60亿吨的处理问题,简要介绍和比较了四种基本的垃圾处理方法,着重推荐无害化综合处理方法,并从技术、经济、政府政策和企业运营等方面分析了无害化综合处理方法在全国普遍推广的可行性,预测了普遍推广后的环境效益、社会效益和经济效益。 相似文献
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城市生活垃圾资源化存在的问题与对策探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
倪娜 《中国环境管理丛书》2009,(1)
对我国城市生活垃圾的构成及资源利用现状进行了介绍,分析了生活垃圾资源化存在的问题,探讨了资源化利用途径以及提高资源化利用水平的措施,提出了垃圾治理可持续发展的思路,为生活垃圾走资源化之路指明方向。 相似文献
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对我国城市生活垃圾的构成及资源利用现状进行了介绍,分析了生活垃圾资源化存在的问题,探讨了资源化利用途径以及提高资源化利用水平的措施,提出了垃圾治理可持续发展的思路,为生活垃圾走资源化之路指明方向。 相似文献
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长春市城市生活垃圾资源化处理对策 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过介绍国内外的垃圾资源化方法和技术模式,分析长春市垃圾处理现状,对长春市垃圾资源化处理提出几点建议,以加快长春市可持续发展战略的实施步伐。 相似文献
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本文通过对城市生活垃圾的产生、处理现状的分析,看到垃圾处理的严峻性和刻不容缓的态势,提出我国城市垃圾处理必须走市场化道路的对策。领先全民参与、人人动手解决垃圾污染问题,促进城市垃圾蛄量化、无害化、资源化进程。尽快稳步提高我国城市垃圾处理水平,实现我国城市处理的市场化、产业化。 相似文献
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城市生活垃圾源减量化技术与对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
解决垃圾问题最好的方式是避免其产生,这样就无需收集、运输或处置。此外,源减量化在能源利用、温室气体排放和其他环境影响方面,要远优于其他诸如焚烧和填埋等处理方式。生活垃圾源减量化具有环境和经济的双重效益。本文阐述了生活垃圾源减量化的概念和特征,并通过借鉴美国在生活垃圾源减量化问题上的成功经验和成熟技术,探讨了适合上海的生活垃圾源减量化对策。 相似文献
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The proximity principle—disposing of waste close to its origin—has been a central value in municipal solid waste (MSW) management
in Japan for the last 30 years and its widespread adoption has helped resolve numerous “Not in My Backyard” issues related
to MSW management. However, MSW management costs have soared, in large part because of aggressive recycling efforts and because
most MSW is incinerated in a country that has scarce landfill capacity. In addition, smaller, less sophisticated incinerators
have been closed because of high dioxin emissions. Rising costs combined with the closure of smaller incinerators have shifted
MSW management policy toward regionalization, which is the sharing of waste management facilities across municipalities. Despite
the increased use of regionalized MSW facilities, the proximity principle remains the central value in Japanese MSW management.
Municipal solid waste management has become increasingly regionalized in the United States, too, but different driving forces
are at work in these two countries. The transition to regionalized MSW management in Japan results from strong governmental
control at all levels, with the central government providing funds and policy direction and prefectures and municipalities
being the primary implementing authorities. By contrast, market forces are a much stronger force with US MSW management, where
local governments—with state government oversight—have primary responsibility for MSW management. We describe recent changes
in Japan’s MSW programs. We examine the connections between MSW facility regionalization, on the one hand, and, on the other
hand, the proximity principle, coordination among local governments, central government control, and financing mechanisms. 相似文献
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Due to the lack of appropriate policies in the last decades, 60% of Brazilian cities still dump their waste in non-regulated landfills (the remaining ones dump their trash in regulated landfills), which represent a serious environmental and social problem. The key objective of this study is to compare, from a techno-economic and environmental point of view, different alternatives to the energy recovery from the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated in Brazilian cities. The environmental analysis was carried out using current data collected in Betim, a 450,000 inhabitants city that currently produces 200 tonnes of MSW/day. Four scenarios were designed, whose environmental behaviour were studied applying the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, in accordance with the ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 standards. The results show the landfill systems as the worst waste management option and that a significant environmental savings is achieved when a wasted energy recovery is done. The best option, which presented the best performance based on considered indicators, is the direct combustion of waste as fuel for electricity generation. The study also includes a techno-economical evaluation of the options, using a developed computer simulation tool. The economic indicators of an MSW energy recovery project were calculated. The selected methodology allows to calculate the energy content of the MSW and the CH4 generated by the landfill, the costs and incomes associated with the energy recovery, the sales of electricity and carbon credits from the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The studies were based on urban centres of 100,000, 500,000 and 1,000,000 inhabitants, using the MSW characteristics of the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte. Two alternatives to recovering waste energy were analyzed: a landfill that used landfill biogas to generate electricity through generator modules and a Waste-to-Energy (WtE) facility also with electricity generation. The results show that power generation projects using landfill biogas in Brazil strongly depend on the existence of a market for emissions reduction credits. The WtE plant projects, due to its high installation, Operation and Maintenance (O&M) costs, are highly dependent on MSW treatment fees. And they still rely on an increase of three times the city taxes to become attractive. 相似文献
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城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液水量水质的确定 总被引:11,自引:2,他引:11
本文论述了3种渗滤液水量预测法,推荐采用Q=CIA×10-3公式;介绍了确定渗滤液水质的方法;根据国内外渗滤液水质实测值,分析了水质特点,认为我国渗滤液浓渡呈增加趋势。 相似文献