我国城市生活垃圾的处理和发展趋势

城市生活垃圾给城市环境造成了严重污染，威胁了城市居民的生存环境和经济、社会的可持续发展。目前，国内采取的垃圾处理技术主要有卫生填埋、焚烧、堆肥等，热解技术由于具有资源回收率高、二次污染小、综合效益好等优点，越来越适合我国中小城市的垃圾处理。垃圾气化技术的研究成为当今世界的热点。此外，我国对垃圾衍生燃料的研究也刚刚起步。为促进城市持续、稳定的发展，提出了垃圾分类收集、分拣、综合利用垃圾处理技术的措施。     

关于城市垃圾出路的思考

本文通过对城市垃圾现象的关注,揭示出城市垃圾其实是一种宝贵的资源,并结合国内外的研究成果指出了城市垃圾资源化是解决城市垃圾出路的重要途径。最后,对由此衍生出的“垃圾产业”进行了展望,并指出城市垃圾处理产业必须从市场经济的大背景来考虑其发展战略,逐步使城市垃圾处理走向市场化、社会化。     

"瑞典式"生活垃圾分类管理经验对我国的启示

通过对瑞典的生活垃圾处理系统、垃圾分类意识培养、垃圾分类的法律制度建设、政企合作对垃圾进行分类处理等有效的生活垃圾分类和管理办法进行研究,得到了一些符合我国国情,值得我国学习和借鉴的管理方法和手段,例如建立系统化的生活垃圾管理系统、提高公民的垃圾分类意识,完善垃圾分类的法律体系、拓展与企业的密切合作等.     

高温铜渣气化城市生活垃圾试验研究

城市生活垃圾处理是当前人类社会面对的迫切问题,也是研究的热点.城市生活垃圾气化处理技术具有减容、减量程度高、资源利用率好等优势,已成为目前城市生活垃圾处理的重要手段.铜冶炼过程中排出的液态铜渣温度为1200-1350℃,余热品质非常高,极具利用价值.利用生活垃圾的气化试验装置,使用高温铜渣对生活垃圾进行了气化试验研究,研究了温度、载气、热载体因素对垃圾气化产气特性的影响,以便能将垃圾处理技术和高温铜渣余热回收技术有效地结合起来.通过试验可知,使用铜渣作为热载体和载水蒸气对垃圾的气化产气质量有积极的影响.     

城市生活垃圾处理向产业化发展的对策探讨

城市生活垃圾污染问题是影响城市环境质量的重要因素。世界各国对城市生活垃圾的处理问题都予以高度的重视。当今世界,垃圾处理已不是一个单纯的技术问题,它涉及到环境保护与资源利用的社会可持续发展的各个方面。所以,搞好城市生活垃圾的处理,必须从战略高度来认识,不但要在生活垃圾处理的无害化、资源化、减量化上下功夫,还必须不断加快生活垃圾处理的产业化步伐。 一、认清城市生活垃圾处理向产业化方向发展的制约因素 １、体制因素。 长期以来,作为市政管理范围内的生活垃圾处理问题一直被人们认为是公益性的福利事业,应该由政…     

城市生活垃圾处理方法的探讨

介绍了国内外城市垃圾处理概况和吉林市城市生活垃圾的处理状况，对国内外城市生活垃圾处理方法做出了利弊分析。根据对吉林市越山路垃圾填埋场建设项目的评估，对吉林市城市生活垃圾处理方法提出了建议，即“不要盲目采用焚烧法，慎重开发利用城市垃圾填埋场，努力实现垃圾分类收集，积极推广堆肥处理法，认真开展热解法，实现卫生填埋”等城市生活垃圾无害化处理构想。     

利用简易MBT技术处理成都市生活垃圾实验研究

成都市生活垃圾产生量日益增加,现有的处理设施越来越难以满足垃圾处理与资源利用的要求.MBT技术是实现垃圾无害化、减量化、资源化的一种垃圾综合处理技术,通过实验对成都垃圾填埋场的垃圾进行MBT处理,比较各个环节前后垃圾质量、含水率、挥发性有机质和生物稳定性等变化,可以看出MBT技术对成都市生活垃圾具有良好的处理效果.经过MBT处理,垃圾的物质干重、含水率和挥发性有机质含量均有显著下降,垃圾的生物稳定性明显增强.     

餐厨垃圾资源化处理的激励机制研究

针对餐厨垃圾处理的环境问题,梳理了餐厨垃圾资源化处理的运营模式。通过实例分析了目前激励政策下餐厨垃圾处理的绩效和问题,针对存在的问题提出监督餐厨垃圾排放、合理收费、激励餐厨垃圾处理企业项目联合、丰富资源化产品等激励措施。     

德阳市城市生活垃圾处理技术的研究与实践

本文以德阳市城市生活垃圾的研究及垃圾处理工程的建设为主线，论述了德阳市在生活垃圾处理实践中不断探索和改造的实情；以满足城市发展需要的垃圾处理方式及转运工作为主线，介绍了生活垃圾处理场不断进行科研和实践的工作。     

垃圾微波裂解及资源化利用技术

概述了我国城市垃圾处理现状,介绍了国内外现有城市垃圾处理技术,对各种垃圾处理工艺进行了简要评述;并介绍了一种先进的垃圾微波裂解及资源化利用技术,分析了该技术的特点、先进性和经济性等。     

我国城市生活垃圾处理的市场化对策探讨

本文通过对城市生活垃圾的产生、处理现状的分析,看到垃圾处理的严峻性和刻不容缓的态势,提出我国城市垃圾处理必须走市场化道路的对策。领先全民参与、人人动手解决垃圾污染问题,促进城市垃圾蛄量化、无害化、资源化进程。尽快稳步提高我国城市垃圾处理水平,实现我国城市处理的市场化、产业化。     

南京市生活垃圾现状及综合处理对策研究

根据采样结果与统计分析,文章总结了南京市生活垃圾的现状,以及其产量和组成特性的变化趋势。城市生活垃圾处理是一个复杂的系统工程,任何单一的处置措施都无法满足。针对现实处理,过程中存在的问题,作者提出了生活垃圾的综合方案,即以设施为依托,以技术为核心,以市场为动力的设施－技术－市场三位一体综合方案。     

城市生活垃圾的资源化处理及对策分析

简要介绍了城市生活垃圾处理的现状,阐述了该领域存在的问题,对目前城市生活垃圾处理技术的优缺点进行对比分析。针对我国城市生活垃圾混合收集、无机物含量高的特点,提出了一种以生活垃圾能源化利用为目标,兼顾资源循环回收利用的城市生活垃圾资源化综合处理利用的解决方案。     

现阶段国内外城市固体废弃物的治理技术与治理概况

城市固体废弃物是人们在工业生产活动、生活活动及商业活动中所产生的固体废物,这种废物随着国民经济的发展、人口的增长、人民生活水平的提高,数量不断增加。它破坏了市容,污染环境,给人民健康带来了极大的危害,因此,需加以处置和处理。本文将系统地介绍现阶段国内外城市固体废弃物的现状及处理技术,并针对我国国情,提出合理化的处理方案。     

Municipal solid waste management in China: Status,problems and challenges

This paper presents an examination of MSW generation and composition in China, providing an overview of the current state of MSW management, an analysis of existing problems in MSW collection, separation, recycling and disposal, and some suggestions for improving MSW systems in the future. In China, along with urbanization, population growth and industrialization, the quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation has been increasing rapidly. The total MSW amount increased from 31.3 million tonnes in 1980 to 212 million tonnes in 2006, and the waste generation rate increased from 0.50 kg/capita/day in 1980 to 0.98 kg/capita/year in 2006. Currently, waste composition in China is dominated by a high organic and moisture content, since the concentration of kitchen waste in urban solid waste makes up the highest proportion (at approximately 60%) of the waste stream. The total amount of MSW collected and transported was 148 million tonnes in 2006, of which 91.4% was landfilled, 6.4% was incinerated and 2.2% was composted. The overall MSW treatment rate in China was approximately 62% in 2007. In 2007, there were 460 facilities, including 366 landfill sites, 17 composing plants, and 66 incineration plants. This paper also considers the challenges faced and opportunities for MSW management in China, and a number of recommendations are made aimed at improving the MSW management system.     

桐庐县富春江、分水江库区漂浮物打捞处置方案

桐庐县富春江、分水江库区漂浮物主要由水葫芦、生活垃圾、动物尸体三部分构成,结合桐庐县垃圾处理处置设施建设现状及规划,对水葫芦及生活垃圾采用机械打捞-压缩中转-烘干（仅水葫芦）-焚烧工艺,对动物尸体采用人工打捞-冷藏车运输-冷库储存-焚烧工艺。为确保水葫芦焚烧可行性,比较了烟气直接烘干和蒸汽间接烘干两种工艺,推荐采用蒸汽间接烘干。     

Does municipal solid waste composting make economic sense?

Currently there is widespread interest on the part of local Governments in incorporating municipal solid waste (MSW) composting into their integrated solid waste management systems. However, there is little information on the costs of MSW composting and how those costs compare with the costs of alternative forms of waste disposal (especially traditional land disposal). This article begins to fill this information gap by reporting the results of a survey of 19 MSW composting facilities around the United States. Results indicate that MSW composting generally costs around $50 per ton, and that very few facilities receive any revenues from the sale of compost to offset operating costs. Additional economic analysis indicates that, at present, MSW composting cannot be justified on financial grounds in most parts of the US, but may be competitive with land disposal where the cost of landfilling is high (such as the north-east).1998 Academic Press     

A two-stage support-vector-regression optimization model for municipal solid waste management - a case study of Beijing, China

In this study, a two-stage support-vector-regression optimization model (TSOM) is developed for the planning of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in the urban districts of Beijing, China. It represents a new effort to enhance the analysis accuracy in optimizing the MSW management system through coupling the support-vector-regression (SVR) model with an interval-parameter mixed integer linear programming (IMILP). The developed TSOM can not only predict the city's future waste generation amount, but also reflect dynamic, interactive, and uncertain characteristics of the MSW management system. Four kernel functions such as linear kernel, polynomial kernel, radial basis function, and multi-layer perception kernel are chosen based on three quantitative simulation performance criteria [i.e. prediction accuracy (PA), fitting accuracy (FA) and over all accuracy (OA)]. The SVR with polynomial kernel has accurate prediction performance for MSW generation rate, with all of the three quantitative simulation performance criteria being over 96%. Two cases are considered based on different waste management policies. The results are valuable for supporting the adjustment of the existing waste-allocation patterns to raise the city's waste diversion rate, as well as the capacity planning of waste management system to satisfy the city's increasing waste treatment/disposal demands.     

Transitions of municipal solid waste management. Part I: Scenarios of Swiss waste glass-packaging disposal

All municipal solid waste (MSW) management systems—even “high quality systems” or those employing “best practices”—face multiple challenges, e.g., decreasing prices of secondary raw materials recovered by municipalities, increasing complexity of waste composition, technological lock-ins. Policy-making involves translating these challenges into goals that are generic in nature and implementing them on MSW fractions thanks to tailor-made policy tools, e.g., anticipated disposal fees. Anticipating the impacts of policies can provide valuable insights into the adequacy of policy tools with respect to economic, political, and social contexts of MSW. The goal of this paper is to construct consistent, future scenarios of Swiss waste glass-packaging disposal based on literature and stakeholder knowledge, including the allocation of waste to different disposal routes. These scenarios are future states to which the current system could transit to due to alternative policies in line with waste policy goals and varying societal constraints (e.g., commodity prices). Results of scenario construction show that policy has a limited effect on waste glass-packaging disposal because of economic constraints, preventing goals from consistently being achieved. For instance, increases in energy prices can impede a policy favoring recycling over downcycling to foam glass, an energy-saving product. The procedure applied to construct possible scenarios suits well the ambition of considering uncertain future developments affecting MSW management as it integrates qualitative and quantitative knowledge of various sources and disciplines.