共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 500 毫秒
1.
柴油机污染物排放后处理技术的研究进展 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
国内外柴油机主要排放物NOx和微粒的后处理技术的研究现状和最新技术发展动态表明,机内、机外处理技术的组合,是达到未来柴油机排放标准、实现大幅度降低柴油机污染物排放的趋势。分析了各种机外净化技术的特点和存在问题,阐述了燃油含硫量对柴油机排放后处理的影响。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
用柴油/醇组合燃烧法在城市车用柴油机上实现同时降低碳烟与NOx排放的研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
柴油机在部分工况采用柴油扩散燃烧 ,另一部分工况则采用柴油引燃醇燃料形成的均质混合气压燃燃烧 .这种组合燃烧利用醇的高汽化潜热和含氧特性 ,达到同时降低柴油机碳烟及氮氧化物 (NOx)排放的目的 ,并可以避免小负荷燃烧醇燃料带来的高醛类排放问题 .在一台 4 85QDI直喷式柴油机上采用上述组合燃烧法进行了试验 ,醇均质混合气经进气管处喷射形成 ,用电控装置控制醇燃料喷入量及其喷入时刻 .试验结果表明 ,与原机相比 ,碳烟和NOx 排放分别可以减少 5 0 %和 30 %以上 ,同时燃料的消耗率也有大幅度降低 .该方法为降低城市车用柴油机的碳烟排放提出一个新的解决途径 相似文献
5.
船舶柴油机NOx后处理技术的进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据国内外的降低NOx排放方面最新的成果和科研动态,主要介绍了当前正在研究或者已经应用于实际的有效降低柴油机NOx排放的技术措施,并分析了各种技术方法的特点和在实际应用过程中面临的问题。 相似文献
6.
7.
为提出与我国第4阶段排放法规相适应的车用柴油标准,作为北京市"汽车-油品"项目的研究内容之一,在1台满足欧Ⅳ排放法规的柴油机上对不同品质参数的8种柴油进行对比试验.结果表明,柴油品质参数变化对试验用欧Ⅳ柴油机动力性、燃油经济性和缸内燃烧过程影响很小;微粒中的硫酸盐和气态SO2排放量均随硫含量上升而线性增加;十六烷值增加,比油耗和PM排放稍有下降、NOx排放稍有上升;T90下降,NOx排放下降、PM有降低趋势.在试验数据基础上,拟合得到了试验用欧Ⅳ柴油机ESC循环SCR前NOx和PM排放量随柴油硫含量、十六烷值、蒸馏特性T90和芳香烃含量4个参数变化的预测公式. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
不同行驶工况下轻型柴油车瞬时排放的CMEM模拟研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
以轻型柴油车为研究对象,给出了轻型柴油车瞬时排放计算模型的结构和主要输入参数,并将车辆在实际道路上的瞬时排放计算结果与实测数据作了对比验证.结果表明,THC、CO以及NOx排放的相对误差分别为14.2%、 3.7%和32.7%,相关系数分别达到0.73、 0.72和0.87,表明CMEM模型能够较好地反映车辆在实际道路上排放的瞬时变化.对车辆在日本10-15工况、欧洲ECE工况、美国FTP城区工况及上海城市主干道路况上的排放和燃油经济性进行了模拟计算.CMEM模拟结果发现,污染物排放水平随着车速的提高而下降;特别是超低速段0~10 km·h-1向10~20 km·h-1过渡时,污染物排放水平变化显著.车辆的加速过程在污染物排放过程中起主导作用,其对污染物排放的贡献在30%以上,个别甚至超过70%.上海城市主干道工况的怠速过程对THC和CO的贡献率分别接近40%和30%,CO、THC、NOx排放因子分别是欧美日的1.3、 1.5、 1.4倍,1.5、 2.1、 1.9倍以及1.2、 1.3、 1.3倍.模拟车辆在上海城市主干道上的燃油经济性最差,仅9.56 km·L-1.国外行驶工况不能真实地反映我国机动车在实际道路上的行驶状况. 相似文献
12.
乌鲁木齐市机动车排放清单研究 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
近年来随着乌鲁木齐市机动车数量的快速增加,致使机动车排放污染突出. 通过调查乌鲁木齐市2007年机动车的保有情况及技术水平分布,研究了各类型机动车的排放因子以及年均行驶里程,并测算了该市2007年机动车污染物排放总量、分区排放量及各类型机动车的分担率. 结果表明:2007年在乌鲁木齐市注册的各类型机动车排放的CO总量为11.09×104 t,HC总量为1.53×104 t,NOx总量为2.73×104 t,PM总量为0.38×104 t;其中CO和HC排放主要集中在城区,NOx和PM排放主要集中在外埠;在城区的机动车排放中,CO和HC排放以轻型载客汽车为主,NOx排放以中重型公交车为主,PM排放以中、重型载货汽车为主. 相似文献
13.
提高柴油/甲醇组合燃烧尾气排放质量的研究 总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2
对原机、柴油/甲醇组合燃烧,以及带氧化催化转化器的柴油/甲醇组合燃烧3种情况下的尾气排放进行了比较和研究.针对柴油/甲醇组合燃烧可以使NOx、烟度大幅度下降,但同时PM、CO和HC的排放浓度与原机相比反而增加的现状,通过加装氧化催化转化器,对废气进行处理后,发现HC、CO和PM排放明显减少.与原机相比,不仅可以实现大幅度降低NOx,而且PM排放也有较大幅度下降.采用透射电子显微镜观察发现,与原机相比,柴油/甲醇组合燃烧的PM排放中干炭烟(DS)减少,但是可溶有机物(SOF)增加.经过氧化催化转化器处理后,尾气的PM中大量SOF和HC化合物被消除,致使PM的质量明显减少. 相似文献
14.
15.
利用SEMTECH-DS便携式排放测试系统(PEMS),在采用高压共轨和废气再循环系统(EGR)2种技术的国3重型柴油车上开展了实际道路的气态污染物排放测试,对比了2种技术下重型柴油车在实际道路行驶中氮氧化物(NOx)和总碳氢(THC)在各速度区间内的排放强度、综合排放因子及瞬时φ(NOx). 结果表明:采用高压共轨技术的重型柴油车在除>10~20 km/h外的各速度区间内的NOx和THC平均排放强度均低于采用EGR技术的重型柴油车. 采用高压共轨技术的重型柴油车φ(NOx)平均值较低,但瞬时峰值较高;采用EGR技术的φ(NOx)平均值较高,但瞬时峰值较低. 相似文献
16.
Xianbao Shen Zhiliang Yao Qiang Zhang David Vance Wagner Hong Huo Yingzhi Zhang Bo Zheng Kebin He 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,27(5):209-220
A database of real-world diesel vehicle emission factors, based on type and technology, has been developed following tests on more than 300 diesel vehicles in China using a portable emission measurement system. The database provides better understanding of diesel vehicle emissions under actual driving conditions. We found that although new regulations have reduced real-world emission levels of diesel trucks and buses significantly for most pollutants in China,NOx emissions have been inadequately controlled by the current standards, especially for diesel buses, because of bad driving conditions in the real world. We also compared the emission factors in the database with those calculated by emission factor models and used in inventory studies. The emission factors derived from COPERT (Computer Programmer to calculate Emissions from Road Transport) and MOBILE may both underestimate real emission factors, whereas the updated COPERT and PART5 (Highway Vehicle Particulate Emission Modeling Software) models may overestimate emission factors in China. Real-world measurement results and emission factors used in recent emission inventory studies are inconsistent, which has led to inaccurate estimates of emissions from diesel trucks and buses over recent years. This suggests that emission factors derived from European or US-basedmodels will not truly represent real-world emissions in China. Therefore, it is useful and necessary to conduct systematic real-world measurements of vehicle emissions in China in order to obtain the optimum inputs for emission inventory models. 相似文献
17.
Qingyu Zhang Juwang Fan Weidong Yang Fang Ying Zhen Bao Yi Sheng Cheng Lin Xuan Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(9):197-206
In this study, the influences of accumulated mileage(deterioration) and technological changes(emission standards) on emission factors(EFs) of regulated pollutants(CO, HC, and NO_x) from gasoline passenger vehicles were investigated based on Inspection and Maintenance(I/M) data using the chassis dynamometer method. The accumulated mileage of passenger vehicles was significantly linearly correlated with vehicle age. For most cases,the average EFs of CO, HC and NO_x were significantly linearly correlated with accumulated mileage, indicating that emission deterioration had a significant impact on pollutant EFs.Implemented emission standards markedly influenced the EFs of regulated pollutants, and EFs markedly decreased with progressing emission standards. The present study also compared EFs of regulated pollutants between this study and the International vehicle emission(IVE) model, and marked differences in EFs were seen with variations in emission standards, vehicle types and accumulated mileage; NO_x EFs in this study were higher than in the IVE model. The results provide new insight into estimating regulated pollutant emissions using the IVE model. 相似文献
18.
19.
The paper assesses options and challenges of reducing black carbon emissions from diesel vehicles in Russia. Black carbon is a product of incomplete diesel combustion and is a component of fine particulate matter. Particulate matter emissions have adverse health impacts, causing cardiopulmonary disease and lung cancer; black carbon is also a large climate forcer. Black carbon emissions from Russian diesel sources affect not only the Russian territory but also contribute to overall pollution. This paper analyzes current ecological standards for vehicles and fuel, evaluates policies for emission reductions from existing diesel vehicle fleet, and assesses Russia's attempts to encourage the use of natural gas as a vehicle fuel. Based on best practices of black carbon emission reductions, this paper provides a number of policy recommendations for Russia. 相似文献