镉胁迫下小麦叶中超氧阴离子自由基的积累

在镉腔迫下，小麦中中超氧阴离子自由基的积累显增加，伴随ＭＤＡ含量升高，显示发生膜脂过氧化。镉腔迫使活性氧清降酶系统功能紊乱，其中ＳＯＤ酶活性下降，ＰＯＤ酶活性升高，在是ＣＡＴ酶活无显变化。     

微囊藻毒素在细长聚球藻中的积累及其毒性效应

用 100μg/L 的微囊藻毒素(MC-RR)处理细长聚球藻,研究了 MC-RR 在藻细胞中的积累及其对细长聚球藻的生长和抗氧化系统的影响.结果表明,MC-RR 能在细长聚球藻中迅速积累,而细长聚球藻具有较强的降解 MC-RR 的能力,MC-RR 对细长聚球藻的生长具有显著的抑制作用;MC-RR 处理后,活性氧(ROS)和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量明显升高,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶(GST)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性则有一个先降后升的变化.以上结果说明,细长聚球藻细胞在 MC-RR 处理下,膜脂过氧化加剧,受到氧化胁迫;GSH、GST、GPX 在清除活性氧,抵抗 MC-RR 的毒性伤害中发挥着关键的作用.     

外源精胺对镉胁迫下苎麻生理代谢的影响

采用水培实验法,研究了不同浓度和不同施加方式下外源精胺对苎麻镉污染毒害的缓解效应.结果表明,镉胁迫(10mg/L)使苎麻叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和可溶性蛋白质含量均不同程度地下降,膜脂过氧化程度提高,丙二醛含量增加;加入外源精胺后(以10^-5mol/L效果最佳),叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和可溶性蛋白质含量均显著上升,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量明显降低,说明苎麻对镉的抗性得到显著提高,其中叶面喷洒并同时向营养液中加入精胺能更有效地缓解叶片的生理伤害,而仅叶面喷洒外源精胺则更有利于缓解根中镉的毒害.进入苎麻体内的镉约73.2%积累在根部,2种方式加入精胺均使得镉在苎麻体内的累积量下降,同时镉向地上部分的转移率提高.     

二氧化硫吸入对大鼠脑组织细胞的氧化损伤作用

研究了低浓度二氧化硫(SO₂ ) 对大鼠中枢神经系统毒理作用的机理,以及SO₂ (28mg/m³)吸入对大鼠脑组织细胞抗氧化酶活性和脂质过氧化水平的影响.结果表明,SO₂吸入可引起超氧化物歧化酶(Cu、Zn-SOD)活性降低、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性升高、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性无明显改变以及脑组织脂质过氧化水平显著升高.这些结果意味着SO2通过产生活性氧自由基引起脂质及其他生物大分子的氧化损伤,可能是低浓度SO₂毒理作用的机制之一.     

渗滤液灌溉对香根草胁迫及抗氧化系统的影响

以香根草(Vetiveria zizanioids)和渗滤液循环出水为实验材料,比较了不同体积浓度渗滤液灌溉对香根草胁迫相关生理指标及抗氧化系统的影响.结果表明,与对照相比,小于35%浓度的渗滤液灌溉6个月降低了香根草叶片脯氨酸(Pro)含量和相对膜透性,提高了叶绿素、蛋白质、抗坏血酸(AsA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和叶绿素a/b值,过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)被激活,丙二醛(MDA)含量被控制在较低的水平上,表明低浓度渗滤液灌溉有利于香根草生长.大于35%浓度的渗滤液灌溉,随浓度的增大,香根草叶绿素含量和a/b值明显降低,MDA、H₂O₂、Pro进一步积累,相对膜透性显著增加,AsA、GSH含量下降,SOD和POD活性受抑制,表明高浓度渗滤液灌溉会造成活性氧产生和抗氧化系统清除之间的失衡,导致膜脂过氧化作用加剧,会加重对香根草的胁迫.灌溉6个月较3个月相比,叶绿素含量下降,Pro、MDA积累,表明灌溉时间延长也会导致胁迫加重.     

α-萘酚对小球藻谷胱甘肽及其还原酶的影响

研究了--萘酚对2种小球藻谷胱甘肽-包括还型谷胱甘肽GSH与氧化型谷胱甘肽GSSG-含量及其还原酶-GR-活性的影响.结果表明,低浓度--萘酚对藻细胞的谷胱甘肽水平和GR活性有显著的激发作用,随着--萘酚浓度的升高,普通小球藻和蛋白核小球藻的GSH含量、谷胱甘肽总量及GR活性均有所提高,并分别在5mg/L和10mg/L时达到最大值,而GSSG均不断下降且在相同浓度下-2 mg/L-至最小后开始上升.GSSG/GSH先降后升的变化说明藻细胞在--萘酚胁迫下膜脂过氧化加剧,而GSH、GR在清除活性氧、消除过氧化方面起了重要作用.     

a-萘酚对小球藻谷胱甘肽及其还原酶的影响

研究了a-萘酚对2种小球藻谷胱甘肽(包括还型谷胱甘肽GSH与氧化型谷胱甘肽GSSG)含量及其还原酶(GR)活性的影响.结果表明,低浓度a-萘酚对藻细胞的谷胱甘肽水平和GR活性有显著的激发作用,随着a-萘酚浓度的升高,普通小球藻和蛋白核小球藻的GSH含量、谷胱甘肽总量及GR活性均有所提高,并分别在5mg/L和10mg/L时达到最大值,而GSSG均不断下降且在相同浓度下(2mg/L)至最小后开始上升.GSSG/GSH先降后升的变化说明藻细胞在a-萘酚胁迫下膜脂过氧化加剧,而GSH、GR在清除活性氧、消除过氧化方面起了重要作用     

满江红花青素在镉胁迫下的抗氧化作用

为了研究镉胁迫诱导满江红体内花青素合成的生理功能,采用镉诱导和体外实验的方法评价了满江红体内花青素的抗氧化作用.测试指标包括还原力、清除超氧阴离子(O-2)、过氧化氢(H2O2)、羟自由基(·OH)的能力.结果表明,花青素的还原力和对氧自由基的清除作用随花青素提取物浓度的增加而增加.因此,镉胁迫下合成的花青素是一种清除活性氧自由基的良好抗氧化剂.镉胁迫对满江红活性氧代谢影响的试验结果表明,在0.5mg·L-1Cd胁迫下,满江红体内O-2和H2O2大量积累,造成活性氧胁迫,说明花青素只能在一定程度上保护满江红免受过氧化伤害.本实验初步证实,花青素含量的增加是满江红抗性机理之一,可缓解镉的毒害.     

臭氧处理对海带膜脂过氧化和脱酯化伤害研究

采用生态毒理学和生物化学的方法，选用海带的2个品系——海带901和荣城1号为实验材料，研究了不同剂量的臭氧处理对海带膜脂过氧化和脱酯化伤害作用结果表明，随着臭氧处理强度的增加，海带的2个品系的光合速率均下降同时。膜相对透性增大，细胞内H2O2含量上升，微粒体膜中磷脂减少，游离脂肪酸增加海带901中无论是细胞匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量，还是微粒体膜的MDA含量在臭氧处理下均无显著变化，而荣城1号微粒体膜的MDA含量在臭氧处理下显著提高，说明海带901在臭氧氧化胁迫下膜的损伤是由膜脂脱酯化单独造成的，与膜脂过氧化无关，而荣城1号膜的损伤是由膜脂过氧化和脱酯化共同引起的。     

三种有机磷农药对三角褐指藻活性氧伤害的差异性研究

３种有机磷农药－久效磷、对硫磷和辛硫磷对三角褐指藻的生长都有抑制效应，它们的７２ｈ半抑制剂量（７２ｈ·ＥＣ５０）分别为９．７４ｍｇ／Ｌ、８．２０ｍｇ／Ｌ和１．５２ｍｇ／Ｌ。结果表明，３均能引起藻细胞活性氧含量的增加，从而导致生物膜系统的膜脂过氧化和脱酯化伤害。这种由膜脂过氧化和脱酯化作用造成的膜损伤在３种农药中显示出较大的差异性。     

Toxic effects of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide on the wheat seedlings

The toxic effects of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide ([C8mim]Br) on wheat seedlings were evaluated. Wheat seedlings were cultivated in aqueous solution with [C8mim]Br at di erent concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 mg/L). The contents of photosynthetic pigment and proline, peroxidation of membrane lipid, and activities of antioxidation enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase) in leaves were measured on day 7 after treatment with [C8mim]Br. The results showed that [C8mim]Br significantly decreased the contents of photosynthetic pigments, activities of antioxidant enzymes in the wheat leaves and in dry weight of seedlings, while increased the proline content and membrane lipid peroxidation. The results suggested that [C8mim]Br can inhibit photosynthesis and lead to oxidative stress to wheat seedlings.     

Interactions of zinc and cadmium toxicity in their effects on growth and in antioxidative systems in tomato plants （Solanum lycopersicum）

The interaction between zinc and cadmium was investigated in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). Ten-day-old seedlings were treated with 10 mol/L CdCl2 associated to di erent concentrations of ZnCl2 (10, 50, 100, and 150 mol/L). Zn supply clearly reduced Cd accumulation in leaves and simultaneously increased Zn concentration. Cd induced oxidative stress in leaves as indicated by an increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) level and chlorophyll breakdown. Furthermore, compared with control, Cdtreated plants had significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), whereas, catalase (CAT, EC 1.111.1.6), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) activities were significantly suppressed by Cd addition. Zn supplementation, at low level, restored and enhanced the functional activity of these enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX and GR) as compared to Cd-alone-treated plants. The beneficial e ect of adequate Zn level on Cd toxicity was confirmed by a significant decrease in TBARS level and restoration of chlorophyll content. However, when Zn was added at high level in combination with Cd there was an accumulation of oxidative stress, which was higher than that for Cd or excess Zn alone treatments. These results suggested that higher Zn concentrations and Cd are synergistic in their e ect on plant growth parameters and oxidative stress.     

臭氧对水稻叶片膜脂过氧化和抗氧化系统的影响

采用 OTC- 1型开顶式气室研究臭氧对不同生育时期水稻叶片膜脂过氧化和抗氧化系统的影响 .实验结果表明 ,随着臭氧浓度增加 ,水稻叶片叶绿素含量、叶绿素 a/b值下降 ,膜相对透性和丙二醛 (MDA)含量上升 ,过氧化物酶 (POD)活性逐渐上升 ,过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性开始被诱导上升 ,当浓度达到 200 nl· L^-1时反而下降 .叶绿素含量及叶绿素a/b值与 MDA含量呈显著负相关 ,膜透性与 MDA含量呈显著正相关 ,叶绿素含量与 POD活性呈负相关 .臭氧造成活性氧的产生和清除之间的失衡 ,加剧了膜脂过氧化作用 ,对水稻的膜系统产生了危害 ,降解叶绿素 ,加速叶片的老化 .     

臭氧胁迫对冬小麦光合作用、膜脂过氧化和抗氧化系统的影响

在大田试验的条件下,利用开顶式气室(OTC)研究了臭氧胁迫对冬小麦不同生育期(拔节期、孕穗期、扬花期和灌浆期)光合作用、膜脂过氧化以及抗氧化系统的影响.结果表明,在150nmol·mol-1O3浓度范围内,随着O3浓度的升高和熏气时间的增加,冬小麦叶片总叶绿素、叶绿素a和b含量总体降低,但孕穗和扬花期T1处理组总叶绿素和叶绿素a含量较CK组有所升高;气孔导度(Gs)开放受到影响,单位叶片面积活性降低,胞间CO2浓度(ci)和气孔限制值(Ls)呈波动变化.同时,冬小麦启动了自我保护机制,具体表现为SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)活性先快速升高而后逐渐下降,POD(过氧化物酶)活性呈先下降而后快速升高的变化趋势;从拔节期到扬花期以及从灌浆期1到灌浆期2,CAT(过氧化氢酶)活性表现为先快速升高而后"相对降低",MDA(丙二醛)含量则持续升高;类胡萝卜素含量先升高后下降,单位叶片面积热耗散增加.结果表明,抗氧化酶并不能完全消除冬小麦体内过多的活性氧,造成活性氧积累,进一步加剧了膜脂过氧化作用,导致膜透性增加,叶绿素降解,净光合速率降低,加速冬小麦叶片的老化.     

Interactions of zinc and cadmium toxicity in their effects on growth and in antioxidative systems in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum)

The interaction between zinc and cadmium was investigated in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). Ten-day-old seedlings were treated with 10 μmol/L CDC12 associated to different concentrations of ZnC12 (10, 50, 100, and 150 μmol/L). Zn supply clearly reduced Cd accumulation in leaves and simultaneously increased Zn concentration. Cd induced oxidative stress in leaves as indicated by an increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) level and chlorophyll breakdown. Furthermore, compared with control, Cdtreate plants had significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), whereas, catalase (CAT, EC 1.111.1.6),ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) activities were significantly suppressed by Cd addition. Zn supplementation, at low level, restored and enhanced the functional activity of these enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX and GR) as compared to Cd-alone-treated plants. The beneficial effect of adequate Zn level on Cd toxicity was confirmed by a significant decrease in TBARS level and restoration of chlorophyll content. However, when Zn was added at high level in combination with Cd there was an accumulation of oxidative stress, which was higher than that for Cd or excess Zn alone treatments. These results suggested that higher Zn concentrations and Cd are synergistic in their effect on plant growth parameters and oxidative stress.     

Pseudomonas putida细胞对微囊藻毒素-LR的胁迫响应

将1.0g/L的微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)降解菌恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)置于含不同浓度MC-LR的体系中,研究了体系中菌体细胞完整性和生物量的变化,考察了MC-LR对细胞的氧化胁迫以及抗氧化酶的响应.结果表明,MC-LR能够增大P. putida细胞质膜通透性,造成膜损伤,导致胞内物质外流,使细胞完整性遭到破坏;同时,MC-LR能够引起P. putida细胞的氧化胁迫,随着毒素暴露时间的延长,活性氧自由基(ROS)和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高,具有明显的剂量效应.超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在MC-LR的诱导下有一个先升后降的过程,表现为对低浓度污染物的主动响应,而高浓度(2.5 mg/L)MC-LR作用5d后,ROS积累到相当高水平,对细胞代谢功能造成破坏,使SOD活性下降,并加速细胞的死亡,P. putida生物量与对照相比,下降了将近50%.