A comparative study for the sorption of Cd(II) by K-feldspar and sepiolite as soil components, and the recovery of Cd(II) using rhamnolipid biosurfactant

This study investigated the sorption characteristics and recovery of selected heavy metal Cd(II) from K-feldspar and sepiolite, representative soil components, using rhamnolipid biosurfactant. Although the proposed technique was classified as a soil bioremediation process, it can also be applied to treatment of waste waters containing Cd(II) ions with minor modifications. The effect of initial Cd(II) concentration on sorption capacity was characterized by determining the sorption isotherms. Of the four models examined, the Freundlich model showed the best fit for the sorption of Cd(II) on K-feldspar, whereas the Langmuir-model was used successfully to characterize the sorption of Cd(II) on sepiolite. Although a high Cd(II) uptake of 7.49 mmol/kg by K-feldspar was obtained, sepiolite was a superior Cd(II) accumulater, with a maximum Cd(II) uptake of 24.66 mmol Cd(II)/kg. The presence of Cd(II) in the sepiolite or K-feldspar prior to addition of the rhamnolipid generally resulted in less rhamnolipid sorption to sepiolite or K-feldspar. The maximum Cd(II) desorption efficiency by rhamnolipid from K-feldspar was substantially higher than that of sepiolite and determined to be 96% of the sorbed Cd(II), whereas only 10.1% of the sorbed Cd(II) from sepiolite was recovered by rhamnolipid solution.     

The use of electrolyte redox potential to monitor the Ce(IV)/Ce(III) couple

Mathematical modelling of the oxidation reduction redox potential (ORP) of an electrolyte has been carried out for a batch system comprising an electrochemical reactor and an electrolyte circuit containing a redox couple. The ORP can be useful to monitor the environmental impact of chemical species in solution that represent a risk to the environment. Considerations of four fundamental equations, namely, the Nernst equation, a mass balance, Faraday's laws of electrolysis and a first order kinetic equation, leads to an expression for the electrolyte redox potential as a function of the batch time, the electrical charge and the redox concentration. Such an expression facilitates graphical plots which can be used to estimate kinetic parameters, current efficiency and the relative redox concentration. The Ce(IV)/Ce(III) system has been chosen as a model reaction for electrolyte redox potential measurement in a batch recycle system consisting of a pumped flow through a divided FM01-LC parallel-plate electrochemical reactor (64cm(2) projected electrode area) and a well mixed tank (3600cm(3)). The differences between experimental and model predictions are discussed.     

HPLC分析暴马丁香不同部位的紫丁香苷含量

分析研究了暴马丁香不同部位中的紫丁香苷含量,为可持续合理利用和保护暴马丁香资源提供依据。利用Alltech高效液相色谱仪对暴马丁香不同部位中的紫丁香苷含量进行了测定,色谱柱为ODS-C18(4.6mm×250mm,5um),测定紫丁香苷的流动相为乙腈∶水(12∶88),体积流量1ml/min,柱温为室温,检测波长265nm。结果表明,紫丁香苷在0.1—7.0μg与峰面积具有良好的线性关系,紫丁香苷含量为韧皮部3.593%枝皮1.174%干皮1.166%木栓层0.568%枝条0.509%根0.421%木质部0.104%。该方法简便可靠、快速、重现性好,适用于暴马丁香中紫丁香苷的含量测定。