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一株高效多环芳烃芘降解菌株的筛选鉴定及其特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从天津新港区渤海潮间带筛选出一株以芘为唯一碳源和能源且生长良好的菌株,命名为P2,并对其菌体特征、生长条件及降解效能等进行了系统研究。结果发现该菌株为革兰氏阴性菌,菌株对温度(20~45℃)、pH(5~10)、盐度(0%~3%NaCl)耐受范围较广;对Cr6+、Zn2+、Pb2+、Cu2+、Cd2+5种金属具一定抗性;对5种常见抗生素都较敏感。结合其生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列比对,表明此菌株属于芽胞杆菌属(Bacillussp.)。菌株P2在20d内对芘的降解率高达62%;芘对菌体的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST酶)酶活性有明显的诱导作用,表明GST酶在菌株P2降解芘过程中起着重要的作用。综合菌株P2的生长特性和降解效能,初步认为该菌株较适合用于降解多环芳烃芘的天津新港渤海潮间带原位修复。 相似文献
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多环芳烃(PAHs)在环境中分布广泛,且具有生态和环境毒理效应,因此对PAHs污染场地的治理和修复备受关注。生物降解是去除PAHs的重要技术之一,但存在降解效率低、周期长等局限性。归纳了PAHs常见降解菌及其主要降解机制,探讨了PAHs降解菌在实际污染场地应用的研究进展与不足。结果表明:PAHs降解菌株主要包括不动杆菌属(
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底泥中多环芳烃的微生物降解与原位修复技术 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
水体底泥是多环芳烃(PAHs)重要的环境载体之一,PAHs通过多种途径进入各种水体,经过复杂的过程沉积富集于水体底泥中。PAHs在环境中的迁移转化有多种途径,其中微生物降解是去除环境中PAHs的最主要途径。PAHs可以作为微生物的唯一碳源或通过共代谢而被降解。影响微生物降解PAHs的因素有:PAHs的生物可利用性、温度、pH值、供氧条件、营养条件以及其它的环境因素。受PAHs污染底泥的微生物原位修复技术通过导入高效微生物,提供电子受体、营养盐和表面活性剂等来降解底泥中的PAHs。该技术被认为是去除底泥中PAHs污染物的重要手段,但还存在着多方面的缺点而使其应用存在着很大的局限性,需要从高分子量的PAHs的降解机理、生物降解过程中基因调控机制、环境因子与微生物降解PAHs的相互作用关系以及受PAHs污染底泥的微生物原位修复过程的监测、风险评估和效果评估等多个方面进行深入的研究。 相似文献
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为了揭示微生物菌种(组合)对土壤中PAHs(多环芳烃)降解率的影响以及不同类型PAHs抗微生物降解能力的差异,分析了北京市6个不同环境功能区土壤中微生物种类及其分布特征,从中筛选出部分微生物菌种对典型PAHs和原油进行降解模拟试验,对比分析微生物对不同PAHs降解能力的差异.结果表明:① 不同菌种组合对PAHs的降解能力存在明显差异,与假单胞菌属、无色杆菌、短稳杆菌混合菌相比,假单胞菌属、无色杆菌、短稳杆菌和微杆菌混合菌对PAHs的降解率高0.6%~4.5%;② 在相同降解条件下,不同PAHs的降解率存在明显差异,在单体培养基中,LMW PAHs(低环数PAHs)的降解率在25.3%以上,而HMW PAHs(高环数PAHs)的降解率都小于20.1%;③ 在单体培养基与混合培养基中PAHs的降解能力也存在一定差别,单体培养基中PAHs的降解率较混合培养基中高4.2%~26.6%;④ 无论在单体培养基中,还是混合培养基中这些化合物的降解率均存在随着降解时间的增加而增大的现象;⑤ 在原油培养基中不同PAHs的降解率更为复杂,并且出现了中低分子量PAHs降解率随降解时间增加反而降低的假象,这可能是由于随着时间增加,微生物对PAHs的降解能力加强,原油中含烷基的PAHs基团降解或HMW PAHs被微生物降解产生LMW PAHs中间产物造成.研究显示,假单胞菌属、无色杆菌、短稳杆菌和微杆菌对HMW PAHs和LMW PAHs均有明显的降解效果,但不同PAHs的降解率存在明显的差异,即使是同一单体化合物,在单体培养基、混合培养基和原油培养基三种不同的降解条件下,其降解率也具有不同程度的差别. 相似文献
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利用中国东北林区普遍存在白腐菌——青顶拟多孔菌,降解单一和复合多环芳烃,分别测定了菲、蒽、芘于11,22,33d的累积降解率.结果显示,对于单一多环芳烃,该菌种降解能力由强到弱依次为菲>蒽>芘,33d累积降解率依次为96.56%、94.76%和57.53%;对复合多环芳烃降解中,菲和芘的累积降解率分别为99.46%和61.09%.在复合多环芳烃的降解研究中发现,少量蒽的加入,刺激了菌种对菲和芘的降解,使菲和芘的降解率分别提高了2.9%和3.56%.由此提示,在研究降解高环、难降解多环芳烃时,可利用低环多环芳烃对菌种的刺激作用,在体系内形成高、低环多环芳烃的共代谢,以达到更加高效降解多环芳烃的目的. 相似文献
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对蒽进行了臭氧不完全氧化实验研究,利用HPLC、UV、TOC监测了臭氧氧化过程中发生的变化.结果表明,蒽被臭氧降解时有中间产物生成,臭氧可以与中间产物继续作用,但是难以使之矿化.另外,氧化体系中水溶性有机物的TOC变化及其对活性污泥OUR的影响结果表明,臭氧氧化改善了蒽的可生化降解性.因此,臭氧氧化与生物降解组合技术,有望成为处理废水中蒽的经济有效方法. 相似文献
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焦化厂多环芳烃污染土壤的强化微生物修复研究 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
从北京焦化厂采集了多个多环芳烃(PAHs)污染土壤样品,目的是从中分离出PAHs降解菌并确定其适宜的生存条件,进行富集培养后,应用于焦化厂污染土壤的强化微生物修复.分别以美国EPA优先控制的16种PAHs中的一种为唯一碳源,采用平板划线法对降解菌进行分离并通过基因分析方法确定其种属,共获得7种PAHs降解菌,这些菌混合在一起,在适当的浓度条件下,可对16种2~6环的PAHs进行降解.在液体培养基中16种PAHs总浓度(ΣPAH16)为17μg/mL时,单一菌即可生长良好且具有降解活性,但当ΣPAH16为166μg/mL时,不论是单一菌还是混合菌(7种PAHs降解菌),其生长和活性均受到抑制.针对北京焦化厂污染土壤,设计了5组处理,即对照(C)、添加营养物(N)、添加营养物和降解菌(N+B)、添加营养物和表面活性剂(N+S)、以及添加营养物、降解菌和表面活性剂(N+B+S).经过5周的实验,与C组相比,N+B组16种PAHs的去除率平均提高了32%,N+B+S组16种PAHs的去除率平均提高了46%(其中10种4~6环PAHs的去除率平均提高了52%).添加PAHs降解菌和表面活性剂可明显增强土壤中PAHs的降... 相似文献
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辽东湾北岸滨海湿地降解苯甲酸类化合物的微生物研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用富集培养法从辽东湾北岸滨海湿地土壤中分离到以苯甲酸为唯一碳源和能源的细菌9株。经鉴定BJI、BJ2属于不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter sp),BJ3,BJ9,BJ8属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp),BJ4,BJ5,BJ6,BJ7属于无色杆菌属(Achromobacter sp)。考察了菌株的底物特异性。通过比较单菌株和混合菌的降解效果,得出了优势混合菌。其最适降解条件为:pH8.0,温度25℃,时间48h。 相似文献
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城市污泥模拟堆肥过程中高温菌群的筛选、鉴定及降解效果 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
在城市污泥模拟堆肥过程的高温期通过平板培养法筛选出一组强化菌群.该组菌群不但可以分解污泥有机质,还可以分解淀粉、蛋白质、油脂、纤维素等大分子有机物.经鉴定,筛选出的菌种分别为地衣芽孢杆菌(B.licheniformis)、短小芽孢杆菌(B.pumilus)、高温放线菌(Thermoactinomyces)、凝结芽孢杆菌(B.coagulans)、枯草芽孢杆菌(B.subtilis);将菌株两两接种到平板,发现各菌株间可以共存.将上述菌种混合后添加到堆肥样品中,其有机质去除率、脱氢酶增加率、比耗氧速率SOUR增加率均高出不加菌样品40%以上,表明该组菌群具有使堆肥腐熟进程加快的应用潜力. 相似文献
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以不同总固体含量(TS)(8%、10%、12%)的粪便污泥为研究对象,采用加碱技术对粪便污泥进行处理,探讨不同pH值(10、12)的碱预处理对4种指示性致病微生物(粪大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、粪链球菌、蛔虫卵)的灭活效果并对致病微生物的去除过程进行动力学分析,同时通过分析预处理过程中粪便污泥pH值、SCOD和溶解性蛋白质的含量来表征碱预处理对粪便污泥水解的影响.结果表明,加碱预处理初始pH值分别为10、12时,预处理3d后各TS粪便污泥中4种致病微生物均被完全去除,且Weibull动力学模型对微生物去除过程的描述优于一级动力学模型;pH值为10时,粪便污泥SCOD增加了1.84~1.89倍,溶解性蛋白质增加了8.25~9.39倍;pH12时,粪便污泥SCOD值增加了1.90~1.97倍,溶解性蛋白质增加了8.62~9.89倍. 相似文献
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Ann Verdoodt Stephen M. Mureithi Liming Ye Eric Van Ranst 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2009,129(1-3):332-339
The establishment of enclosures has become an important measure to combat land degradation in many of the world's semi-arid rangelands. In view of the increased pressure exerted by this land reclamation strategy on the neighbouring agricultural lands, knowledge of the time required for restoring vegetation cover and soil health, and of the potential positive impact of an adapted management strategy, is highly required. This paper assesses the vegetation and soil rehabilitation in a 23-year chronosequence of two different enclosure management types. In the severely degraded, semi-arid Njemps Flats plain of the Lake Baringo Basin in Kenya communal enclosures characterised by high quality inputs and strict control, and private enclosures managed by individual farmers, were installed since the 1980s. Six communal enclosures (3–17 years since establishment) and six private enclosures (13–23 years since establishment) were selected. Vegetation cover was estimated along three 50 m transects set within each enclosure and in the adjacent open grazing area using the point-to-line transect method. Five 0.5 m2 quadrats systematically placed alongside each transect were sampled for herbaceous standing biomass and topsoil physical, chemical and biological analyses. Grass cover and herbaceous biomass production proved to be the most responsive biotic parameters under both management types, whereas the recovery of the forbs was unsuccessful. Under communal management, the biomass production fully recovered up to its optimal level as recorded in the neighbouring nature reserves. Within private enclosures however, the adopted management strategies seriously restricted biomass production to a significantly lower level. Soil quality generally recovered more slowly with time. Significant improvements compared to the open rangeland were recorded in topsoil bulk density, organic C and total N stocks, and microbial biomass C and N stocks of the communal enclosures. Unlike the communal enclosures, only topsoil bulk density and the microbial biomass C stock showed a significant difference in the private enclosures. With respect to C and total N stocks, and the microbial biomass N a non-significant improving trend was recorded. The level of chemical and biological soil quality obtained under both management types is still low and draws the attention to the importance of careful monitoring of grazing and grass cutting activities under both enclosure management strategies. The chronosequences further highlight the potential of some well-managed private enclosures, whereas intrinsic soil properties such as high alkalinity, as well as changes in management, limit the rehabilitation of some other private as well as communal enclosures. 相似文献
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十溴二苯醚及其降解产物对浮游生物的毒性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
十溴二苯醚(BDE-209)是我国环境中主要的多溴二苯醚(PBDEs)同系物.为研究BDE-209及其降解产物对水环境的影响,以初级消费者浮游动物大型蚤(Daphnia magna)和初级生产者浮游植物水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)为染毒对象,研究BDE-209及其降解不同阶段产物对浮游生物的毒性.结果表明,大型蚤方面,繁殖毒性大于生长毒性,48 h半数致死浓度(48h-LC50)大小为:还原降解中间产物(0.80 mg·L~(-1),高毒)BDE-209(8.74 mg·L~(-1),中毒)还原降解终产物(15.27 mg·L~(-1),低毒),还原-氧化降解终产物的死亡率与溶剂空白一致,表明其基本无毒.水华微囊藻方面,染毒物质的毒性大小顺序与大型蚤一致,1 mg·L~(-1)的BDE-209、还原中间产物、还原终产物及还原-氧化终产物对水华微囊藻的抑制率分别为15.7%、93.7%、6.6%和1.3%.BDE-209降解过程中易生成毒性较大的中间产物,彻底还原脱溴可降低其毒性,后续辅以氧化降解,可消除其环境毒性. 相似文献
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Jianming Yu Wenji Cai Jianmeng Chen Li Feng Yifeng Jiang Zhuowei Cheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(10):1777-1784
The photodegradation of gaseous dichloromethane (DCM) by a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light in a spiral reactor was investigated with different reaction media and initial concentrations. Through the combination of direct photolysis, O3 oxidation and HO. oxidation, DCM was ultimately mineralized into inorganic compounds (such as HCl, CO2, H2O, etc.) in the air with relative humidity (RH) of 75%-85%. During the photodegradation process, some small organic acids (including formic acid, acetic acid) were also detected and the intermediates were more soluble than DCM, providing a possibility for its combination with subsequent biodegradation. Based on the detected intermediates and the confirmed radicals, a photodegradation pathway of DCM by VUV was proposed. With RH 75%-80% air as the reaction medium, the DCM removal followed the second-order kinetic model at inlet concentration of 100-1000 mg/m3. Kinetic analysis showed that the reaction media affected the kinetic constants of DCM conversion by a large extent, and RH 80% air could cause a much lower half-life for its conversion. Such results supported the possibility that VUV photodegradation could be used not only for the mineralization of DCM but also as a pretreatment before biodegradation. 相似文献