航海雷达溢油信息采集分析模型

首先阐述了航海雷达海杂波图像溢油提取分析的工作原理和国内外研究现状,基于SPx、OpenCV、Matlab等软件技术和HPx航海雷达信号采集卡,提出溢油数据采集分析工作流程和软硬件架构体系,实现航海雷达溢油信息采集分析模型,并结合大连716溢油事件的实际案例进行验证。该模型在保证航海雷达原有导航避碰功能的基础上,进行原始信号转换,同步实现海上溢油监测,为海上溢油监测预警、溢油轨迹回推、溢油应急处置等工作提供数据基础。     

完善CEMS数据采集处理传输全过程的技术规范

分布安装在各现场端的污染源排放自动监测设备可以实时采集到海量的监测数据,要将这些数据经过处理（统计/计算）自动远程传输到各级环境管理部门的监控中心,必须制定出涵盖数据采集处理传输全过程的技术规范.本文以固定污染源烟气排放连续监测系统（CEMS）为例,分析了现有相关技术规范的不足和缺失,以及由此产生的现状和问题;提出了以满足环境管理需求为目标,完善CEMS数据标准化的基本设想;详细论述了在数据时间类型、数据种类和格式、数据处理方法及数据传输格式等方面进行规范的具体建议;本文还提出了通过修改和增补现有技术规范,实施数据标准化基本设想的路线图.     

Wireless acquisition of temperature data from embedded thin film sensors in cutting insert

This paper presents the results of wireless data acquisition experiments from embedded micro thin film sensors in cutting inserts for machining. A bluetooth module is used to acquire data and establish communication with a receiver PC over the serial port profile (SPP). A signal conditioning circuit is designed and developed to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the embedded micro thin film sensors. Moreover, an averaging filter algorithm is implemented as a software interface. To characterize the wireless data acquisition (DAQ) system, laser heating and turning tests are conducted. Both tests show that the wireless DAQ system is able to provide desirable capabilities as well as the wired one for the embedded thin film sensors in cutting inserts.     

稳定碳同位素示踪农林生态转换系统中土壤有机质的迁移和赋存规律

为了探讨土壤有机质在降解过程中的迁移、赋存规律,利用C₃植物与C₄植物明显的δ¹³C值差异,选取贵州茂兰保护区内农林生态系统发生转换生长的地域,分析土壤的不同粒径组分和比重组分中土壤有机质的δ¹³C值.结果表明,粗砂中的土壤有机质年代最新,细粉中的土壤有机质年代最老,有机质在降解过程中,在土壤各粒径组分中的迁移次序是:粗砂＜细砂＜粗粉＜粘土＜细粉;土壤重组分中的有机质年代较老,以降解充分、稳定的有机无机复合体为主,相对     

Nutritional correlates and mate acquisition role of multiple sexual traits in male collared flycatchers

The information content of a sexual signal may predict its importance in a multiple signal system. Many studies have correlated sexual signal expression with the absolute levels of nutrient reserves. In contrast, the changes of nutrient reserves associated with signal expression are largely unknown in the wild due to technical limitations although they are important determinants of signal information content. We compared two visual and eight acoustic sexual traits in male collared flycatchers to see whether the nutritional correlates of expression predict the role of the signal in sexual selection. We used single point assays of plasma lipid metabolites to estimate short-term changes in nutritional state in relation to sexual trait expression during courtship. As a measure of sexual selection, we estimated the relationship with pairing latency after arrival in a 4-year dataset. Males which found a mate rapidly were characterized by large wing and forehead patches, but small song strophe complexity and small figure repertoire size. Traits more strongly related to pairing latency were also more closely related to changes in nutrient reserves. This indicates a link between signal role and information content. Small wing patches and, surprisingly, complex songs seemed to indicate poor phenotypic quality and were apparently disfavoured at mate acquisition in our population. Future studies of the information content of sexual traits, especially dynamic traits such as song, may benefit from the use of plasma metabolite profiles as non-invasive indicators of short-term changes in body condition.     

植物及土壤碳同位素组成对环境变化响应研究进展

植物和土壤的δ13C（碳同位素组成）能可靠记录环境信息,综合反映植物的生理生态特征以及碳循环过程中的生物化学过程,为人们理解生态系统碳循环提供有用信息.因此,研究植物和土壤的δ13C与环境因子的关系可以揭示生态系统碳循环的格局及其控制因子,进而有效预测全球变化及其对生态系统的影响.对植物和土壤的δ13C以及二者的差值（Δδ13C）与气候因子（如温度、降水量、大气压强等）、土壤因子（如C/N、土壤质地、土壤pH等）的关系进行了综述.现有研究表明:C₃植物的δ13C与降水量、大气压强均呈负相关,与温度的关系非常复杂,而针对C₄植物和在群落水平上开展的研究还较少;土壤δ13C与降水量、土壤C/N、土壤w（粉粒）及w（黏粒）均呈负相关,与温度、土壤pH、土壤w（砂粒）均呈正相关,然而环境因素间的耦合作用使得情况复杂化,多种环境因素的匹配关系究竟如何影响土壤δ13C的机制问题仍有待深入研究;Δδ13C能够更加全面准确地反映土壤碳循环信息,但对其与环境因子关系的研究较少,并且影响Δδ13C的驱动因子及机制也不明确.因此,在土壤-植物体系内,同时在物种和群落水平上,进行植物和土壤δ13C特别是Δδ13C与环境因子关系的研究,能够更加准确地预测和揭示环境变化对生态系统碳循环的影响,这也将是今后该领域的研究重点.      

化学沉淀分离-置换法提纯Al13的工艺研究

采用AlCl₃溶液和Na₂CO₃粉末在不同温度下制备了不同浓度的聚合氯化铝(PACl). 以选定的中等浓度、高Al₁₃含量的PACl为原液,研究了Al₁₃与硫酸盐沉淀反应过程中SO₄/Al摩尔比、反应体系起始总铝浓度的影响以及Al₁₃硫酸盐与Ba(NO₃)₂置换反应过程中的Ba/SO₄摩尔比、超声、温度等因素的影响. 实验结果表明,在制备温度为50℃条件下,浓度在0.4～0.6　mol/L范围的PACl含有较高的Al₁₃. 沉淀分离反应的最佳SO₄/Al摩尔比为0.6∶1;生成的 Al₁₃硫酸盐沉淀物为正四面体状晶体. 在Al₁₃硫酸盐与Ba(NO₃)₂溶液置换反应过程中,Ba/SO₄的最佳摩尔比为1∶1,反应温度及超声作用对置换反应的影响较小;提高Ba(NO₃)₂的起始浓度可以得到相应较高浓度的纯化Al₁₃溶液. 所得Al₁₃纯度的统计平均值为92.1％.     

河口水体中溶解CO_2及其稳定同位素在线同时测定的技术研究——吹扫-EA-IRMS联用法

稳定碳同位素比值(13 C/12 C)是指示碳生物地球化学行为的有效指标。本研究研制并优化了CO2及其稳定同位素测定的吹扫预处理系统,将该系统与EA-IRMS联用实现了溶解CO2、其它形式DIC及二者碳同位素比值的在线同时测定,测得河口水样中易逃逸CO2及其它形式DIC的相对标准偏差分别为3.7%和3.0%;二者的δ13 C值的标准偏差分别为0.30‰和0.15‰。运用此法对九龙江9个站位表层水中不同形态DIC的碳同位素进行测定,得出易逃逸CO2的δ13 C平均值为-12.90‰,其他形式DIC的δ13 C平均值为-5.63‰。该法为水体中无机碳及其稳定碳同位素的测定研究提供了新途径。     

云南白水台现代钙华δ~(13)C的季节和空间变化特征研究

对云南白水台引水渠道中钙华沉积的δ13C值分析发现,白水台引水渠道中钙华δ13C值与降雨量有着较好的线性负相关关系,这一发现为下一步利用当地古钙华的δ13C数据重建古降水量提供了实验与理论基础。而造成雨季钙华δ13C值偏负的原因是雨后形成的低δ13C值的坡面流对高δ13C值的渠道水的稀释效应,降低了渠道水的δ13C值。水中贫13C的CO2逸出至大气是下游方向钙华δ13C偏正的主要原因。     

福建千年桐种源叶片δ13C与环境及叶碳氮含量的关系

选取福建省不同千年桐种源在同一条件下人工培育,通过测定千年桐叶片稳定碳同位素比率(δ¹³C),分析千年桐叶片δ¹³C的特征及其种源差异,以及环境因素和种源生长对其的影响。结果表明,千年桐种源叶片δ¹³C的变化范围在-26.06‰~-24.46‰之间,平均值为-25.54‰,其中莆田、顺昌和沙县种源δ¹³C值较大。千年桐种源叶片δ¹³C值与经纬度之间相关性不显著,与年均温度呈显著正相关,与年均降水量呈显著负相关,年均温度和年均降水量是千年桐δ¹³C值变化的主要限制因素。千年桐种源叶片δ¹³C值与叶N含量以及C/N呈现二次曲线相关性。结合叶片δ¹³C及其对环境因素的响应,莆田、顺昌、沙县千年桐种源具有较高的δ¹³C值,对应较高的水分利用效率,可以考虑栽植在较干旱、贫瘠环境中作为先锋树种,其落叶阔叶的特性也有助于养分回归、改良地力;而政和、尤溪、建阳种源的δ¹³C值相对较小,建议栽植在水分条件较好的湿润地区,充分发挥对水分的摄取能力,提高其生长量。     

H13钢表面多弧离子镀CrAlN涂层的显微硬度及耐磨性影响

目的 提高H13热作模具钢表面的显微硬度及耐磨性。方法 通过多弧离子镀技术,分别对未经热处理的H13钢、淬火H13钢以及氮化H13钢的表面进行多弧离子镀沉积CrAlN涂层,并分别对这3种基体上的CrAlN涂层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能进行研究。结果 涂层表面均较为平整,且出现了白色小颗粒。经过淬火和氮化处理后,H13钢CrAlN涂层的显微硬度达到3 300HV以上,达到基体的14倍多。与基体的摩擦系数相比,淬火和氮化处理后,H13钢的摩擦系数比基体低,镀膜后的摩擦系数比基体高。氮化H13钢表面CrAlN涂层的磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损和黏着磨损共同作用,淬火H13钢的CrAlN涂层磨损机理主要是黏着磨损;淬火和氮化后H13钢基体上CrAlN涂层的耐磨性均得到较大的提高。     

喀斯特高原区5种常见灌木叶片δ~(13)C值的季节变化及其对石漠化程度的响应

测定了贵州高原喀斯特石漠化小流域内5种灌木叶片δ13C值的季节变化,旨在探讨季节及石漠化等级对植物叶片δ13C值的影响。结果表明:不同季节间植物叶片δ13C值呈显著差异,生长初期(4月)叶片的δ13C值显著高于生长中后期(7月、9月及12月);5种灌木种种间差异显著,火棘的叶片δ13C值最负,荚蒾的叶片δ13C值最正,粉枝莓,鼠李和竹叶椒的叶片δ13C值居中;7月不同石漠化等级间植物叶片δ13C值存在显著差异,而在其余月份(即4月、9月及12月)不同石漠化等级间植物叶片δ13C值不存在显著差异,但基本呈现无、轻度石漠化植物叶片小于中度石漠化植物叶片δ13C值的格局;整个生长季中,叶片δ13C值与土壤含水量的相关关系研究表明大多数种在大多数时间随土壤水分的减少其δ13C值增高。     

Duplication of the long arm of chromosome 13 secondary to a recombination in a maternal intrachromosomal insertion (shift)

A rare chromosomal aberration consisting of a chromosomal shift was found in a woman who had prenatal diagnosis because she had previously had a malformed girl with phenotypic features compatible with the diagnosis of Patau syndrome. Chromosome analysis using G, C, and NOR banding showed a direct intrachromosomal insertion of bands 13q12 to 13q14 onto the short arm of chromosome 13 at band 13p13. We discuss this observation and compare it with other published reports of chromosomal shifts.     

基于Himawari 8的沙尘遥感监测与应用

基于Himawari 8静止卫星数据实现了沙尘天气24h动态遥感监测.通过对Himawari 8通道15、13、11亮温值、通道15与13亮温差（BT15-BT 13）、通道13与11亮温差（BT13-BT 11）进行时间序列分析和直方图统计,发现在所选通道中,各地物亮温值分布较为接近,冰云亮温值约为220~250K;沙尘、水云和高纬度地表亮温值约为260~270K;低云、雾和中纬度地表亮温值约为270~290K.通道13对识别沙尘较为敏感,沙尘在通道13的亮温值明显低于通道11和15,在BT15-BT13亮温差值图上沙尘区存在明显高值,在BT13-BT11亮温差值图上为负值,明显低于其他地物.相关性分析结果显示,BT15-BT13和BT13-BT11与地面PM₁₀浓度在0.01水平上显著相关.通过BT15-BT13、BT13-BT11和通道13进行假彩色合成生成的沙尘遥感结果与气象数据,地面PM₁₀数据,激光雷达数据相结合,可对华北地区沙尘污染的起源,形成过程和行进轨迹进行24h的三维动态观测.     

不同制备方法对Cu-SSZ-13催化性能的影响

为了考察制备方法对Cu-SSZ-13催化剂在氨选择性催化还原NO_x(NH_3-SCR)中催化性能的影响,使用不同的方法和载体,制备出理化性质有明显差异的3种催化剂(Cu_(3.9)-Na_(0.8)-SSZ-13、Cu_(5.1)-H-SSZ-13和Cu_(4.0)-Na_(4.0)-SSZ-13),并考察3种催化剂的水热稳定性和抗硫中毒性能.结果表明,由于具有适宜的Cu负载量,并且Cu物种的稳定性极高,一步合成法制备的Cu_(3.9)-Na_(0.8)-SSZ-13催化剂的水热稳定性优于液相离子交换法制备的两种催化剂.而以H-SSZ-13为载体,液相离子交换法负载Cu物种制备的Cu_(5.1)-H-SSZ-13催化剂具有最优的抗硫中毒能力,这与其较多的酸性位有关.因此,含有较多酸性位并且活性物种稳定性高是制备水热稳定性和抗硫中毒能力较优的Cu-SSZ-13催化剂的关键.     

花溪河水溶解无机碳同位素的季节变化

对乌江上游支流花溪河水进行了一年的监测,测定了DIC含量和δ13 CDIC。结果显示DIC含量在1.73～4.53mmol/L之间,δ13 CDIC的变化范围-9.6‰～-3.6‰,反映了碳酸盐岩的主要控制作用,δ13 CDIC和DIC含量之间存在负相关关系,表明有机质分解作用、生物作用对河水DIC也有着重要影响。冬季...     

Effect of preparation methods on the performance of CuFe-SSZ-13 catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3

CuFe-SSZ-13 catalyst showed excellent performance in the selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with NH₃ (NH₃-SCR) for diesel engine exhaust purification. To investigate the effect of preparation methods on NH₃-SCR performance, Fe was loaded into one-pot synthesized Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts through solid-state ion-exchange (SSIE), homogeneous deposition precipitation (HDP) and liquid ion-exchange (IE), respectively. Three CuFe-SSZ-13 catalysts showed similar SO₂ resistance, which was better than that of Cu-SSZ-13. The improvement was attributed to the protection of Fe species. Hydrothermal stability of three CuFe-SSZ-13 catalysts was significantly different, which was attributed to the state of active species caused by different preparation methods. Compared with the other two catalysts, more active species existed inside the zeolite pores of CuFe-SSZ-13_SSIE. During hydrothermal aging, the aggregation of these active species in the pores caused the collapse of catalyst structure, ultimately leading to the deactivation of CuFe-SSZ-13_SSIE. In contrast, Fe species was dispersed better on the surface over CuFe-SSZ-13_IE, enhancing the hydrothermal stability of catalysts. Consequently, Fe loading effectively improved the resistance of SO₂ and H₂O over Cu-SSZ-13. For CuFe-SSZ-13, large amounts of active species located inside the zeolite pores are not beneficial for the hydrothermal stability.     

Trisomy 13 mosaicism: study of serial cytogenetic changes in a case from early pregnancy to infancy

We report a patient whose chorionic villus sampling showed a nonmosaic trisomy 13 [46,XX,der(13;13)(q10;q10)]. Subsequent amniocentesis and cordocentesis showed varying percentages of abnormal cells (77 and 78% in two amniocentesis; 14% in cordocentesis) and mosaic trisomy 13 was impressed. Prenatal fetal ultrasound scanning revealed only mild structural abnormalities (echogenic cardiac foci, transient lemon head, transient skin oedema). The mother chose to continue the pregnancy. Karyotyping of the cord blood, peripheral blood, umbilical cord, urine, and chorion were performed postpartum. The process of correction appeared to exist in the placenta (indirect evidence from coexistence of trisomy 13 [46,XX,der(13;13)(q10,q10)], euploidy [46,XX], aneuploidy [46,XX,–13, +mar], and monosomy 13 [45,XX,–13] in the chorion at birth). The baby had survived beyond eight months of age at the time of submission. Few structural abnormalities except low-set ears, absence of the 12th rib, and cardiomegaly with ventricular septal defect, were noted postnatally. The growth reached 95th percentile at the age of one month. Development milestones were not delayed at serial evaluations. Her ventricular septal defect was corrected surgically at the age of six months. Karyotypes of her skin fibroblasts, blood lymphocytes, and cardiac tissue were all normal [46,XX] at the time of surgery. Difficulties of the genetic counseling are also discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hydrolyzed Al(Ⅲ) clusters: Speciation stability of nano-Al13

Pure nano-Al13 and aggregates at various concentrations were prepared to examine the particle size effect of coagulation with inorganic polymer fiocculant. The property and stability of various species formed were characterized using Infrared, 27Al-NMR,photo correlation spectroscopy (PCS), and Ferron assay. Results showed that concentration and temperature exhibited different roles on the stability of Al13. The quantity of Alb species analyzed by ferron assay in the initial aging period corresponded well with that of Al13, which has been confirmed in a dimension range of 1-2 nm by PCS. Al13 solutions at high concentrations (0.5-2.11 mol/L)were observed to undergo further aggregation with aging. The aggregates with a wide particle size distribution would contribute to the disappeared/decreased Al13 basis on the 27Al-NMR spectrum, whereas a part of Al13 would still remain as Alb. At low concentrations,Al13 solution was quite stable at normal temperature, but lost its stability quickly when heating to 90°C.