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1.
以吉林省某垃圾填埋场地下水为研究对象,监测其中的有机污染物,并进行风险评价。结果表明:(1)有机污染物总计检出18种,5种检出率大于50%。其中,三氯甲烷检出率最高,达到85.7%,质量浓度高达0.217mg/L,超过《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749—2006)限值(0.06mg/L)。(2)地下水污染指数表明,10种有机污染物具有高淋溶迁移性。(3)以三氯甲烷为典型污染物,14个采样点中,非致癌风险指数均未超过1,12个采样点致癌风险指数超过10~(-6),不在可接受范围。主要暴露途径为饮水摄入。 相似文献
2.
为掌握年调节型平原水库库底沉积物对氮素吸附规律,以辽河石佛寺水库为例,通过采集库底沉积物和地表水样进行室内土柱吸附实验,对库底沉积物中氮素吸附规律进行研究。结果分析表明,库底沉积物对氨氮和总氮的吸附过程均存在快速吸附、慢速吸附和吸附饱和3个复合动力学过程,吸附周期均为31 d,最高去除率分别为95.7%和90%。氨氮吸附平衡浓度与吸附量之间满足Freundlich方程,拟合的方程为Q=0.0015×C0.927,相关系数R2=0.937;总氮吸附平衡浓度与吸附量之间的关系基本满足Freundlich方程,拟合的方程为Q=10-14.622×C10.585,相关系数R2=0.812。此次研究为掌握年调节型平原水库库底沉积物吸附氮素机制和保护库区地下水环境提供了科学依据。 相似文献
3.
以北京某典型垃圾焚烧厂为研究对象,分析了其不同工艺流程中的恶臭污染物浓度,并进行了健康风险评价。结果表明:(1)共有60种恶臭污染物检出,不同工艺流程中的恶臭污染物总质量浓度由大到小依次是垃圾料坑((128.20±3.63)mg/m3)渗滤液池((58.50±3.45)mg/m3)卸料区((45.70±1.34)mg/m3)炉渣堆放处((22.63±1.38)mg/m3)烟气净化系统((9.33±0.88)mg/m3)。(2)有13种恶臭污染物阈稀释倍数大于5,其在不同工艺流程中的理论臭气浓度排列顺序与恶臭污染物总浓度一致。(3)卸料区和渗滤液池的非致癌风险危害指数大于1,可能存在非致癌风险,主要非致癌风险物是苯和二甲苯。卸料区、炉渣堆放处和渗滤液池的终生致癌风险大于10-4,存在较大致癌风险,主要致癌风险物是苯和乙苯。建议该垃圾焚烧厂加强对恶臭污染的控制和处理,做好对职业暴露人群的健康防护。 相似文献
4.
污水处理厂的挥发性有机物排放特征及健康风险评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
挥发性有机物(VOCs)种类繁多、来源广泛,污水处理厂是其中不容忽视的排放源之一。研究了某污水处理厂的VOCs组成特征、工艺特征和时间特征,并对美国环境保护署(USEPA)的综合风险信息系统中有相应毒理学数据的化合物进行了健康风险评价。结果表明,共检出了烷烃、烯烃、卤代烃、芳香烃以及含氧VOCs 5类54种化合物。筛选出10种特征化合物为乙醇、环己烷、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、苯、甲苯、丙烯、1,4-二氧己环和正己烷。污水处理厂各处理单元中检出的VOCs总浓度由高到低依次为初沉池B、缺氧池、初沉池A、厌氧池、好氧池和储泥池。在采样的4个时间段中,5类VOCs的变化趋势一致,中午(11:00—12:00)时浓度最高,下午(14:00—15:00)时最低。参与评价的9种化合物致癌危害指数均小于1.00×10~(-6),25种化合物非致癌危害指数均小于1,致癌风险和非致癌风险均在USEPA的可接受范围内。 相似文献
5.
1983—1990年,在松花江中游(哨口—松花江村)138公里江段中,进行七次五断面追踪水团采样,采用高分子微球GDX—502吸附富集,GC定性定量,GC/MS定性验证。依据有机物检出率、毒性持久性、有点源排放、分析方法适用等因素,筛选出65种主要有毒有机物。化合物总浓度逐年降低,石油烷烃、芳烃浓度增加;属致癌致变性化合物21种,EPA优测物21种,建议的优先控制黑名单20种;有点源排入的占90%以上,污染源来自吉化主要入江污水口;封冰期比其它水文期污染增强;该江段污染特征为氯代链烃、氯代苯类、硝基芳烃种类多、浓度高,应为重点控制对象。 相似文献
6.
以某炼化企业污水处理厂为研究对象,对其恶臭治理设施外排气体的组成特征及其健康风险进行了分析。外排气体中的恶臭物质主要是氨、硫化氢、非甲烷总烃、芳香烃、有机含硫化合物;其中,氨、硫化氢、甲硫醇、甲硫醚、二甲二硫、二硫化碳和4-乙基甲苯的浓度均高于嗅阈值;甲硫醇、硫化氢的理论臭气浓度最高,是关键的致臭物质;生化设施恶臭治理单元的外排气体对污水厂整体恶臭污染的贡献度最高(77%);外排气体中,20种恶臭污染物的非致癌健康风险指数(HItotal≈10−4)和终生致癌风险(LCRtotal≈10−8)低。 相似文献
7.
为了解钦州湾入海口邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)污染情况,以钦州湾入海口沉积物为研究对象,对其中5种PAEs进行浓度及分布特征研究,并探讨PAEs与总有机碳(TOC)相关性,进行了PAEs生态风险评价。结果表明,钦州湾入海口沉积物中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁苄脂(BBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己脂(DEHP)均有检出,检出率为100%,PAEs总质量浓度(以干质量计)为4.158~8.455mg/kg,平均值为7.011mg/kg。钦州湾入海口沉积物中PAEs以DEHP与DEP为主,PAEs浓度表现为DEHPDEPDBPBBPDMP,平均值分别为3.932、2.212、0.580、0.241、0.047mg/kg。钦州湾入海口沉积物中PAEs主要分布在钦江、金鼓江和龙门港。钦州湾入海口沉积物中TOC质量浓度为0.912~19.305mg/g,平均值为7.162mg/g,TOC与PAEs总浓度的相关系数为0.609,无显著相关性(p0.05)。与国内外其他区域沉积物中PAEs浓度相比,钦州湾入海口沉积物中PAEs总浓度低于国内外大部分流域,但DBP、DEP和DMP浓度超过美国土壤PAEs控制限值,存在着一定的生态风险。 相似文献
8.
9.
前言 本刊《京津地区主要水源水中有机污染物的分布规律与特征》一文中,在研究京津地区地下水中有机污染物的分布规律与特征中指出:京津地区地下水体中受到工业活动带来的污染是严重的,个别地区如北京市东南郊化工区检出强致癌物苯并[a]芘已经超 相似文献
10.
溴代阻燃剂多溴联苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers, PBDEs)是一种被广泛使用的阻燃剂,其对神经、甲状腺、肝脏等具有潜在毒性。其中,2,2′,4,4′-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)作为一种重要单体,在环境介质中被广泛检出。胶体是环境中污染物迁移过程中的重要载体,它对有机污染物在土壤-地下水系统中的迁移有不可忽略的影响。开展典型无机胶体氢氧化铝胶体对BDE-47的吸附动力学和吸附热力学研究,以期为BDE-47在土壤-地下水中的迁移提供理论依据。结果表明:Sips等温吸附方程对该吸附过程拟合效果最佳(R2adj=0.943 94),计算得出氢氧化铝胶体对BDE-47的饱和吸附量为609.37 mg·g-1;吸附动力学实验结果显示,准二级反应动力学方程拟合氢氧化铝胶体对BDE-47吸附反应过程最佳(R2adj>0.95),同时该吸附反应速率随BDE-47浓度的升高逐渐减小;Van’t Hoff方程拟合表明,吸附热力学参数标准反应焓变△H0 =40.506 kJ·mol-1、标准反应熵变△S0 =0.075 7 kJ·(mol·K)-1,标准反应吉布斯自由能△G0 (298 K)=17.98 kJ·mol-1。此外,反应体系的pH和阳离子种类及浓度均会影响氢氧化铝胶体对BDE-47的吸附过程。 相似文献
11.
Dynamics of phosphorus forms in the bottom sediments and their interstitial water for the Prut River (Moldova) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
V Rusu L Postolachi I Povar A Alder T Lupascu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(8):3126-3131
Phosphorus concentration in rivers results from both external inputs and internal loading from the bottom sediments. Seasonal, spatial, and multi-annual dynamics of phosphorus forms in bottom sediments and their interstitial water for the river Prut (Moldova) were evaluated. In order to determine content of total phosphorus in the bottom sediments, fresh (wet) samples were subjected to persulfate oxidation. The content of inorganic phosphorus was determined after acidic oxidation of samples. The amount of organic phosphorus was obtained by subtracting inorganic phosphorus from the amount of total phosphorus. Content of phosphorus forms in interstitial water was determined after centrifugation of fresh (wet) sediments. In general, the shape of dynamics of the amounts of inorganic phosphorus in sediments was close during years?2009, 2010, and 2011, with registered higher contents of this form on the middle course of the river. The spatial dynamics of organic phosphorus is less homogeneous along the Prut River. During 2009, higher amounts of organic phosphorus were recorded on the middle sector. During the spring of year?2010, the content of organic phosphorus in sediments was practically not changed along the river. The ratio of inorganic/organic phosphorus in bottom sediments was similar during the researched years, with the predominance of the inorganic phosphorus being recorded. Also, the increasing tendency of the percentage of organic phosphorus from spring to summer was identified. Generally, appropriate spatial and seasonal dynamics of phosphorus forms in bottom sediments and their interstitial water were recorded, although sometimes with some differences. 相似文献
12.
River bottom sediments and soils were collected from the industrialized Thur River basin (north-eastern France) to assess mercury contamination. The regional geochemical background level of total mercury was evaluated to calculate mercury contamination factors (Fc) in soils and river bottom sediments. Our estimate of the mean background mercury levels in river sediments and soils, not affected by human activities, was 232 ng x g(-1) (range: 27-406 ng x g(-1)). Sediments contaminated by the effluent from a chlor-alkali plant yielded the highest contamination factors (Fc=1784). Contamination factors of surficial soils within 1 km of the industrial site range from 6.3 to 43.6. This contamination is attributed to diffuse atmospheric deposition from this local plant. However, even upstream from this industrial area elevated contamination factors were recorded for river bottom sediments (Fc=3.2 to 26.4) and for one alluvial soil profile (Fc=10). This is possibly due to past pollution resulting from waste water discharges. Mercury contamination in the different horizons of alluvial soils is not correlated with soil organic carbon content, but may be the result of occasional accidental pollution arising from the introduction of contaminated suspended particulate matter by the Thur River during periods of flooding. 相似文献
13.
为揭示太湖流域农村黑臭河流沉积物中碳、氮、磷营养盐的垂向分布与污染特征,以无锡市周铁镇掌下浜(北段)为例,沿河流上游至下游共采集13个沉积物柱状样,分析总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH4+-N)、硝氮(NO3--N)、有机氮(Org-N)、有机碳(TOC)的垂向分布特征,并对沉积物中碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)的组分分布进行相关性分析。结果表明:TN、TP、Org-N含量在各点位间变化幅度不同,但均表现出随深度增加减小的趋势,即出现明显的"表层富集"现象,TN、TP、Org-N含量在沉积物中的最大降幅分别为55.82%、69.59%和68.12%;相反,沉积物中NH4+-N含量在垂直距离上呈现随深度加大升高的趋势,上升幅度在25.39%~72.77%;在垂直方向上,NO3--N含量在1号、4号~8号采样点处含量随深度加大而升高,增幅最大为107.51%,在2号、3号和9号~13号采样点处含量随深度增加降低,降幅最大为65.17%;TOC含量呈现随深度增加递减的趋势,含量在13.12~37.52 g·kg-1变化;沉积物中C/N在8.31~19.90之间,均值为13.21,有机物以外源有机质为主;C/P比在12.24~51.84之间,均值为26.71;N/P在1.04~2.86之间,均值为2.02;沉积物中TOC、TN、TP含量两两具有极显著正相关关系(pn=13),表明C、N和P具有同源性。 相似文献
14.
Tilman Floehr Hongxia Xiao Björn Scholz-Starke Lingling Wu Junli Hou Daqiang Yin Xiaowei Zhang Rong Ji Xingzhong Yuan Richard Ottermanns Martina Roß-Nickoll Andreas Schäffer Henner Hollert 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(10):6934-6971
The Yangtze River has been a source of life and prosperity for the Chinese people for centuries and is a habitat for a remarkable variety of aquatic species. But the river suffers from huge amounts of urban sewage, agricultural effluents, and industrial wastewater as well as ship navigation wastes along its course. With respect to the vast amounts of water and sediments discharged by the Yangtze River, it is reasonable to ask whether the pollution problem may be solved by simple dilution. This article reviews the past two decades of published research on organic pollutants in the Yangtze River and several adjacent water bodies connected to the main stream, according to a holistic approach. Organic pollutant levels and potential effects of water and sediments on wildlife and humans, measured in vitro, in vivo, and in situ, were critically reviewed. The contamination with organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), and others, of water and sediment along the river was described. Especially Wuhan section and the Yangtze Estuary exhibited stronger pollution than other sections. Bioassays, displaying predominantly the endpoints mutagenicity and endocrine disruption, applied at sediments, drinking water, and surface water indicated a potential health risk in several areas. Aquatic organisms exhibited detectable concentrations of toxic compounds like PCBs, OCPs, PBDEs, and PFCs. Genotoxic effects could also be assessed in situ in fish. To summarize, it can be stated that dilution reduces the ecotoxicological risk in the Yangtze River, but does not eliminate it. Keeping in mind an approximately 14 times greater water discharge compared to the major European river Rhine, the absolute pollution mass transfer of the Yangtze River is of severe concern for the environmental quality of its estuary and the East China Sea. Based on the review, further research needs have been identified. 相似文献
15.
Hung CC Gong GC Jiann KT Yeager KM Santschi PH Wade TL Sericano JL Hsieh HL 《Chemosphere》2006,65(9):1452-1461
Persistent organic pollutants, POPs (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls) can seriously and deleteriously affect environmental quality and human health. These organic pollutants are exhibiting high affinities to solid phases and thus, quickly end up in sediments. To better understand the role of carbonaceous materials in the transport and distributions of POPs in terrestrial and near-shore environments, concentrations of PCBs and carbonaceous materials (including total organic carbon, black carbon and total carbohydrates), were determined in surface sediments of the Danshui River and nearby coastal areas, Taiwan. Total concentrations of PCBs in the sediments ranged from non-detectable to 83.9 ngg(-1), dry weight, with the maximum value detected near the discharge point of the marine outfall from the Pali Sewage Treatment Plant. These results suggest that the sewage treatment plant has discharged PCBs in the past and the concentrations are still high due to their persistence; alternatively, PCBs are still being discharged in the estuarine and near-shore environment of the Danshui River. Organic carbon and black carbon concentrations correlated well with those of total PCBs in the sediments, suggesting that both organic carbon and black carbon significantly affect the distribution of trace organic pollutants through either post-depositional adsorption, or by co-transport of similar source materials. The field results demonstrate that black carbon and plays an important role in the general distribution of PCBs, while concentrations of some specific PCBs are affected by both black carbon and organic carbon concentrations. 相似文献
16.
Valérie Bert Piet Seuntjens Winnie Dejonghe Sophie Lacherez Hoang Thi Thanh Thuy Bart Vandecasteele 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(7):745-764
Background, aim and scope
Polluted sediments in rivers may be transported by the river to the sea, spread over river banks and tidal marshes or managed, i.e. actively dredged and disposed of on land. Once sedimented on tidal marshes, alluvial areas or control flood areas, the polluted sediments enter semi-terrestrial ecosystems or agro-ecosystems and may pose a risk. Disposal of polluted dredged sediments on land may also lead to certain risks. Up to a few years ago, contaminated dredged sediments were placed in confined disposal facilities. The European policy encourages sediment valorisation and this will be a technological challenge for the near future. Currently, contaminated dredged sediments are often not valorisable due to their high content of contaminants and their consequent hazardous properties. In addition, it is generally admitted that treatment and re-use of heavily contaminated dredged sediments is not a cost-effective alternative to confined disposal. For contaminated sediments and associated disposal facilities used in the past, a realistic, low cost, safe, ecologically sound and sustainable management option is required. In this context, phytoremediation is proposed in the literature as a management option. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge on management, (phyto)remediation and associated risks in the particular case of sediments contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants. 相似文献17.
Organic pollutants in the Odra river ecosystem 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The paper presents the results of the analysis of water and bottom sediment samples from different locations along the Odra river, collected during eight campaigns in the years 1997-2000. All the basic organic pollutants were determined. Pollution of water with PCBs was negligible while with PAHs was not critical. Concentrations of volatile organochlorine compounds in water were the highest in Brzeg Dolny and its surroundings. Concentrations of tetrachloroethene were exceptionally high in the Szczecin Lagoon. The Odra sediments were non-polluted or only slightly polluted with PCBs, pesticides and different classes of volatile organic pollutants. However, PAHs were present in rather large concentrations, especially in the upper course of the Odra river. The data obtained contributed to the evaluation of pollutants discharges to the Baltic sea via Szczecin Lagoon as well as to the characterization of pollution sources (point sources and area sources) in the Odra catchment area. 相似文献
18.
Relationships between pesticides and organic carbon fractions in sediments of the Danshui River estuary and adjacent coastal areas of Taiwan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hung CC Gong GC Chen HY Hsieh HL Santschi PH Wade TL Sericano JL 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,148(2):546-554
In order to understand the fate of pesticides in marine environments, concentrations of pesticides and different carbonaceous fractions were determined for surface sediments in the Danshui River and nearby coastal areas of Taiwan. The major compounds detected were tetrachlorobenzene, HCHs, chlordane, aldrin, DDDs, DDEs and DDTs. Total concentrations of pesticides in the sediments ranged from not detectable to 23 ng g(-1), with the maximum value detected near the discharge point of the marine outfall from the Pali sewage treatment plant. These results confirm that pesticides persist in estuarine and nearby coastal environments of the Danshui River well after their ban. Concentrations of total pesticides significantly correlate with concentrations of total organic carbon and black carbon in these sediments, suggesting that total organic carbon and black carbon regulate the distribution of trace organic pollutants in fluvial and coastal marine sediments. 相似文献
19.
基于多元统计分析的渭河西咸段水质评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于2012年旱季和雨季的水质监测数据,采用主成分分析(PCA)和绝对主成分多元线性回归分析(APCS-MLR)方法对渭河西咸段水体的污染特征进行了综合评价。结果表明,2012年渭河西咸段水体主要以有机污染和富营养化污染为主,同时存在一定的As污染。总体上,研究水体旱季比雨季污染严重,旱季和雨季提取的主成分及大部分断面综合排名不同,说明降雨对水质产生一定的影响。渭河西咸段水体在皂河入渭之前的上游污染相对较轻,污染贡献以干流排污为主;对应的下游水质较差,皂河是其最大的污染源。 相似文献
20.
The role of sediments as a source of metals in river catchments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aquatic sediments are a known source of pollutants, but their impact on the quality of overlying waters is not easily quantified. Sediments are generally considered to behave as a sink for pollutants such as heavy metals in the aquatic environment, frequently acting as a source for their presence in waters, with implications for catchment management. This study aimed to calculate the contribution of sediments to metal levels in overlying waters, helping understand their role as a source of metals in river catchments. An aquivalence mass balance approach was modified to take into account both natural and anthropogenic influences and applied to assess sediment contribution in a reach of the River Yare in the UK. The rates of total metal transport from sediments to overlying waters were estimated to be 29.89 g d(-1) for cadmium (Cd), 1633.39 g d(-1) for lead (Pb), 8.29 g d(-1) for mercury (Hg) and 357.56 g d(-1) for nickel (Ni). The results from the case study demonstrated that sediments could be a significant source of metal emissions in river catchments. The calculations proposed in the paper could be useful in developing strategies for sediment management, not only to improve and/or maintain quality of sediments but also to inform the selection of measures of pollution control for the catchment. 相似文献