硫酸盐还原菌对EH40焊接钢海水腐蚀的影响

目的研究无菌和SRB体系中EH40钢焊接接头的母材区、热影响区和焊缝区腐蚀差异。方法利用金相显微镜观察、失重法、电化学测试、扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱仪等分析手段。结果焊缝区微观组织由块状铁素体(BLF)和魏氏组织(W)组成;热影响区可再分为粗晶区(CGHAZ)和细晶区(FGHAZ)两个区;母材区主要由BLF、AF和少量珠光体组成。在无菌对照体系中,焊缝区腐蚀速率为0.0026 mm/a,混合区次之,为0.0023 mm/a,母材区最小,为0.0019 mm/a。含SRB体系中,各区的腐蚀速率为:焊缝区(0.0037 mm/a)混合区(0.0034 mm/a)母材区(0.0030 mm/a)。热影响区腐蚀产物形貌粗大,点蚀孔也较大。结论焊缝区比母材区容易腐蚀,由此易造成小阳极大阴极加速腐蚀,热影响区容易发生点蚀。SRB能促进三个区域试样腐蚀加速。     

重金属对硫酸盐还原菌影响

含重金属硫酸盐废水是我国工业水污染的突出问题,利用硫酸盐还原菌的生物去除重金属的方法具有投资少、成本低、能耗少、去除率高,没有二次污染等优点而成为研究的热点。文章以混合培混养物作为接种污泥,考察不同浓度的重金属离子(Cu2+、Cd2+、Ni2+、Hg2+)对硫酸盐还原菌(Sulfate reducing bacteria,SRB)的抑制作用。研究表明:10 mg/L的Cu2+、Cd2+和20 mg/L的Hg2+对SRB还原硫酸盐的影响较小,硫酸盐最大去除率可分别达到94.1%、94.6%、91.3%,与空白(93.9%)相近;20 mg/L的Cu2+对SRB的抑制最为强烈,硫酸盐最大还原率仅为48.2%,剩余金属离子(Cd2+、Ni2+、Hg2+)都分别随着浓度的增大而对SRB的抑制作用增强;相同浓度的重金属离子对SRB的抑制顺序为Ni2+>Cu2+>Cd2+>Hg2+,抑制浓度分别为10、20、30、60 mg/L。最后阐述了各个反应器中硫酸盐还原率最大时,(WCOD/WSO42-)与硫酸盐还原率的关系。     

贵阳市水库中硫酸盐还原菌及铁还原菌对甲基汞分布的影响

微生物在汞的甲基化过程中起着关键作用,但关于野外微生物活动对甲基汞分布的影响研究较为缺乏.通过对贵阳市不同污染类型水库中硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)、铁还原菌(DIRB)、甲基汞(MeHg)及相应水质参数分布规律研究,探讨了水库中SRB和DIRB活动在汞甲基化及其分布中所起的作用.在水库上覆水体中,SRB与甲基汞呈显著正相关关系(r=0.398,p0.015,n=37),表明在上覆水体中,SRB为主要的汞甲基化细菌.在污染严重且差异明显的沉积物中,两种微生物对甲基汞分布的影响各不相同.在受矿山酸性废水污染的阿哈水库,由于其过高的SRB含量及其硫酸盐还原活动,导致夏季沉积物表层硫离子大量积累,严重抑制了汞的甲基化过程,使得沉积物孔隙水表层甲基汞明显低于其它两个水库,也低于阿哈水库上覆水体甲基汞含量.在红枫水库,沉积物表层适宜的SRB活动促进了汞的甲基化,硫酸盐还原物硫离子和孔隙水甲基汞存在显著相关性(r=0.674,p0.001,n=31);在百花水库,由于沉积物曾受到严重汞污染,甲基汞峰值主要受到沉积物总汞的影响,和两种微生物活动及其产物均未表现出显著相关性.     

硫酸盐还原菌对X60钢CO2腐蚀行为的影响

采用API-RP38培养基,从油田含油污水中分离出硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）,研究了该菌种的生长特性。用腐蚀失重实验和电化学手段系统地研究了CO2饱和的油田污水中SRB对X60钢CO2腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,SRB最佳生长温度为30℃,最佳生长pH值为7.5;30℃时SRB的存在减缓了CO2腐蚀,此温度下SRB细胞、胞外聚合物和腐蚀产物能够形成致密膜层,腐蚀产物主要是FeS和FeCO3;随温度升高,SRB的存在会加速CO2腐蚀,且SRB与CO2之间产生协同作用,促进基体材料的腐蚀破坏。     

针铁矿对硫酸盐还原菌分解铅矾的影响

铅矾(PbSO_4)是工业生产中释放进入环境的重要含Pb物相,具有潜在的环境风险.采用硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)在厌氧条件下将重金属沉淀形成低溶度积的硫化物是有效固定重金属的方法之一.本研究重点考察了SRB作用下铅矾的转化过程及针铁矿对铅矾分解的影响.结果表明,反应体系中溶液p H和ORP均有所降低;SO_4~(2-)在SRB生长停滞期上升,随后保持稳定;酸可挥发性S浓度随SRB的生长逐渐升高,并最后保持稳定;实验结束后铅矾大部分转化为白铅矿(PbCO_3)和方铅矿.对结果的分析表明,在SRB作用下,铅矾分解转化的机制为:首先转化为白铅矿,其次硫酸盐被还原产生S~(2-),进一步促进铅矾的分解和白铅矿的形成,最后S~(2-)同溶液及新生白铅矿中的Pb~(2+)反应生成溶度积更低的方铅矿;针铁矿的主要作用为:固定溶液中的S~(2-),降低铅矾SRB分解的环境污染风险;通过作为SRB生长的电子受体和降低S~(2-)的生物毒害作用,提高体系中SRB的生物活性.     

硫酸盐还原菌对多种染料厌氧脱色的特性

研究专性厌氧菌硫酸盐还原菌混合培养物对偶氮染料,三苯甲烷染料、蒽醌染料的脱色作用,在菌的生长过程中,随着硫化氢的形成,染料的脱色率不断增长,分别了完整细胞和上清液对５种染料的脱色能力,当上清液中含有硫化氢时,在１ｈ内不同染料的脱色率可达２５．５８－９８．８％;而完整细胞的脱色率则为６．９９－８０．６０％,由此表明,在厌氧硫 盐还原条件下,硫酸学原菌及其产物硫化氢对染料的脱色均有重要作用,完整细胞对     

利用硫酸盐还原菌脱除废水中硫酸盐的研究

本阐述了利用硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)脱除废水中硫酸盐(SO4^2-)的研究情况。论述了硫酸盐有机废水的厌氧发展现状和反应机理，考察了以尼龙丝为填料的厌氧滤池中硫酸盐在不同容积负荷所达到了去除效果。并就研究中发现的问题进行探讨。     

硫酸盐还原菌还原铬(Ⅵ)的研究

从电镀厂废水的淤泥中,用Ｈｕｎｇａｔｅ厌氧技术分离出一株高效还原铬（Ⅵ）的硫酸盐还原菌,菌体为弧形杆状,宽０．５－０．８μｍ,长２－４．２μｍ,革兰氏阴性,极生单鞭毛,作无规则的渐近式运动,无芽孢,无荚膜,不完全氧化乳酸盐到乙酸盐,能利用可溶性淀粉,葡萄糖,蔗糖,Ｈ２＋ＣＯ２,乙醇,甲酸盐等为唯一碳源。经鉴定属于Ｄｅｓｕｌｆｏｖｂｒｉｏ ｓｐ．用ＳＲＩＶ菌进行去除铬（Ⅵ）的实验表明最适生长温度３０     

反硝化细菌对硫酸盐还原菌的竞争抑制研究

以从大庆油田采出水中筛选到的硫酸盐还原菌SRB-2和反硝化细菌DNB-1为目的菌,考察两者之间的竞争抑制关系,以及添加营养物质的种类和浓度对SRB-2数量及产H2S活性的影响。结果表明,当体系中硝酸盐浓度为0.5 g/L或亚硝酸盐浓度为0.1-0.5 g/L时,DNB-1就能够有效降低SRB-2活性,抑制H2S的产生,抑制时间10 d以上,H2S产生可以减少85%以上;当体系中硝酸盐浓度为0.1-0.25 g/L时,在10 d内DNB-1对SRB-2活性和产H2S活性也有较好的抑制效果,H2S产生减少65%左右;亚硝酸盐对SRB-2生长的抑制作用好于硝酸盐。     

COD/SO2-4值对硫酸盐还原率的影响

研究利用UASB反应器考察了COD和硫酸盐浓度的比值对硫酸盐还原的影响,同时分析了硫酸盐还原菌和产甲烷菌对COD的竞争情况.发现在HRT为3.8h,SO2-4负荷为6～7kg·(m3·d)-1,SO2-4浓度为1000mg·L-1条件下:①在COD不足时,SRB与MPB在竞争中占微弱优势;对于产甲烷活性比较好的厌氧污泥要经过较长的时间,SRB才能确立优势菌种的地位.②COD/SO2-4比值决定了SO2-4的去除率.比值等于2时,SO2-4的还原率在95%以上;当比值为1.5时,SO2-4还原率为75%;当比值为1时,SO2-4的还原率为60%.     

一个硫酸盐还原细菌富集物对丁草胺的厌氧降解

通过多次富集培养，得到一个能有效厌氧降解丁草胺的硫酸盐还原细菌(SRB)富集物，并对该富集物的生长动力学以及生长的最适丁草胺浓度、最适pH和最适温度作了探讨.     

东海海域表层沉积物中硫酸盐还原菌分布特征研究

利用2011年4、7、8和10月对东海海域4个航次的调查资料,以表层沉积物中硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）为研究对象,针对于SRB所共有的异化型亚硫酸盐还原酶（DSR）中的β亚基基因（dsrB）,通过荧光定量PCR技术对SRB丰度的时空分布特征进行了描述.结果表明,SRB丰度变化范围为1.87×105~4.69×10⁸cells/g,平均值为1.15×10⁸cells/g,且4月SRB丰度最低,7月SRB丰度最高;SRB数量在总细菌中的比例介于0.0039%~1.6176%之间,说明SRB在东海表层沉积物的细菌总量中比例很小;SRB丰度的水平分布特征整体表现为南部海域高于北部海域,长江口及浙闽沿岸泥质区高于非泥质区.此外,SRB丰度与环境因子的相关性分析表明,温度和溶解氧是影响SRB丰度的重要因素.     

Methylmercury and sulfate-reducing bacteria in mangrove sediments from Jiulong River Estuary, China

Estuaries are important sites for mercury (Hg) methylation, with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) thought to be the main Hg methylators. Distributions of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in mangrove sediment and sediment core from Jiulong River Estuary Provincial Mangrove Reserve, China were determined and the possible mechanisms of Hg methylation and their controlling factors in mangrove sediments were investigated. Microbiological and geochemical parameters were also determined. Results showed that SRB constitute a small fraction of total bacteria (TB) in both surface sediments and the profile of sediments. The content of THg, MeHg, TB, and SRB were (350 150) ng/g, (0.47 0.11) ng/g, (1.4 1011 4.1 109) cfu/g dry weight (dw), and (5.0 106 2.7 106) cfu/g dw in surficial sediments, respectively, and (240 24) ng/g, (0.30 0.15) ng/g, (1.9 1011 4.2 1010) cfu/g dw, and (1.3 106 2.0 106) cfu/g dw in sediment core, respectively. Results showed that THg, MeHg, TB, MeHg/THg, salinity and total sulfur (TS) increased with depth, but total organic matter (TOM), SRB, and pH decreased with depth. Concentrations of MeHg in sediments showed significant positive correlation with THg, salinity, TS, and MeHg/THg, and significant negative correlation with SRB, TOM, and pH. It was concluded that other microbes, rather than SRB, may also act as main Hg methylators in mangrove sediments.     

产酸-硫酸盐还原系统中产酸菌的发酵类型及其与SRB的协同作用

通过间歇实验和连续流试验 ,探讨了利用产酸相处理硫酸盐有机废水时产酸菌 (AB)的主要发酵类型、硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)对底物的利用规律以及系统中这两大菌群间的协同关系 .间歇实验结果表明 ,AB的液相末端产物中乙醇占 3 5 6 %、乙酸占 3 7 7% ,同时有氢气产生 ,属于乙醇型发酵类型 .SRB容易利用的底物为氢气、乙醇和乳酸 ,不易利用乙酸、丙酸和丁酸 .SRB将乙醇转化为乙酸 ,而乙酸极少被继续转化 ,导致反应器内出现乙酸积累现象 .连续流试验结果表明 ,系统中硫酸根还原效果与产酸菌和硫酸盐还原菌的协同作用状态密切相关 :当产酸菌和硫酸盐还原菌处于较好的协同作用状态时 ,系统对硫酸根的转化率较高 ;反之则使硫酸根的转化率降低     

Efficacy of natural biocide on control of microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines mediated by Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas

We compared the efficacy of a natural biocide with four chemical tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, to control microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines. The efficacy of biocides were monitored against Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas in experimental pipes by measuring cell counts, H2S production, Fe(II) production, production of extracellular polymeric substances and structure of biofilm. The treatment with cow urine had minimum planktonic cell counts of 3 102 CFU/mL as well as biofilm cell counts of 9 101 CFU/mL as compared with tetrakishydroxyl methyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Sulfide production was the lowest with cow urine (0.08 mmol/L), followed by tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate 0.72 mmol/L. On day 90 of treatment, Fe(II) production was also found to be the lowest with cow urine. The scanning electron microscopic studies indicated that the biofilm bacteria were killed by cow urine. These results demonstrate the cow urine mediated control of microbially induced corrosion, and this is indicative of its potential as a viable substitute of toxic biocides. To the best of our knowledge, this seems to be the first report which screens possible biocidal activity by cow urine as compared to the most common biocides which oil industry is currently using.     

好氧细菌降低油田采出水对管钢腐蚀的研究

运用Tafel曲线、线性极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等电化学技术研究了序批式间歇反应器(SBR)中嗜油好氧细菌对J55油套管钢在油田采出水中腐蚀行为的影响,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X-射线衍射(XRD)分析了腐蚀膜的形貌和成分,采用失重法测量了动态腐蚀速率.结果表明,嗜油好氧细菌加入后,J55油套管钢试样表面所成腐蚀膜的组分发生了变化,腐蚀膜的致密性增强,膜与钢基体之间的结合力增大;好氧细菌的加入显著降低了J55钢在采出水中的腐蚀速率,有菌条件下的腐蚀速率是无菌条件下的40%.此外,还对嗜油好氧菌减缓J55油套管钢在油田采出水中腐蚀速率的机理进行了分析.     

Effect of stress corrosion cracking at various strain rates on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of Mg-Zn-In-Sn alloy

This study is aimed to determine the effect of stress corrosion with low strain rates on the electrochemical properties of alloy electrode. Stress corrosion cracking tests of Mg-Zn-In-Sn alloy in 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride solutions at 25°C were performed. The effects of the electrochemical properties under the stress corrosion with low strain rates were investigated. The microstructures of cross section were observed by optical microscope. The results showed that the ultimate tensile strengths of Mg-Zn-In-Sn alloy increased and the strain decreased as the strain rates increased. Open circuit potentials (OCP) of Mg-Zn-In-Sn alloy electrode possess stability and the loop currents (LC) were improved with the increasing of stress in the elastic zone. The variation of OCP and LC did not change with the increasing of strain-rate. The microstructure of cross section observing revealed the mechanism of OCP and LC changing     

Effect of stress corrosion cracking at various strain rates on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of Mg-Zn-In-Sn alloy

This study is aimed to determine the effect of stress corrosion with low strain rates on the electrochemical properties of alloy electrode. Stress corrosion cracking tests of Mg-Zn-In-Sn alloy in 3.5 wt.% sodium chloride solutions at 25℃ were performed. The effects of the electrochemical properties under the stress corrosion with low strain rates were investigated. The microstructures of cross section were observed by optical microscope. The results showed that the ultimate tensile strengths of Mg-Zn-In-Sn alloy increased and the strain decreased as the strain rates increased. Open circuit potentials (OCP) of Mg-Zn-In-Sn alloy electrode possess stability and the loop currents (LC) were improved with the increasing of stress in the elastic zone. The variation of OCP and LC did not change with the increasing of strain-rate. The microstructure of cross section observing revealed the mechanism of OCP and LC changing.     

游离氨和游离亚硝酸对亚硝态氮氧化菌活性的影响

高浓度游离氨(FA)或游离亚硝酸(FNA)条件下硝化过程常出现亚硝态氮积累,FA、FNA对亚硝态氮氧化菌(NOB)的影响并不清楚.首先用高浓度亚硝态氮污水富集培养NOB,对富含NOB的污泥进行荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)分析表明,Nitrobacter占细菌总数比例为(71±5)%.用此污泥考察不同FA、FNA浓度对NOB活性的影响.结果表明,NOB的活性随着FA浓度的增大逐渐减小,当FA浓度在10mgNH3-N/L左右时,NOB的活性仅为FA为0时的50%.低浓度的FNA(FNA < 0.03mg HNO2-N/L)对NOB活性具有促进作用;当FNA3 0.2mg/L时,NOB的活性被完全抑制.采用Aiba模型计算得到FNA对NOB的抑制常数KI,FNA,NOB为0.0968mg/L. FNA在0.0968mg/L左右时NOB活性仅为FNA为0.003mg/L时的50%.