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1.
  总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
The characteristics of water-soluble ions in airborne particulate matter in Beijing were investigated using ion chromatography. The results showed that the total concentrations of ions were 83.7 ± 48.9 μg/m3 in spring, 54.0 ± 17.0 μg/m3 in summer, 54.1 ± 42.9 μg/m3 in autumn, and 88.8 ± 47.7 μg/m3 in winter, respectively. Furthermore, out of all the ions, NO3−, SO42 − and NH4+ accounted for 81.2% in spring, 78.5% in summer, 74.6% in autumn, and 76.3% in winter. Mg2 + and Ca2 + were mainly associated with coarse particles, with a peak that ranged from 5.8 to 9.0 μm. Na+, NH4+ and Cl− had a multi-mode distribution with peaks that ranged from 0.43 to 1.1 μm and 4.7 to 9.0 μm. K+, NO3−, and SO42 − were mainly associated with fine particles, with a peak that ranged from 0.65 to 2.1 μm. The concentrations of Na+, K+, Mg2 +, Ca2 +, NH4+, Cl−, NO3− and SO42 − were 2.69, 2.32, 1.01, 4.84, 16.9, 11.8, 42.0, and 44.1 μg/m3 in particulate matter (PM) on foggy days, respectively, which were 1.4 to 7.3 times higher than those on clear days. The concentrations of these ions were 2.40, 1.66, 0.92, 4.95, 17.5, 7.00, 32.6, and 34.7 μg/m3 in PM on hazy days, respectively, which were 1.2–5.7 times higher than those on clear days.  相似文献   

2.
    
Two different aerosol mass spectrometers, Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer(AMS) and Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer(SPAMS) were deployed to identify the aerosol pollutants over Xiamen, representing the coastal urban area. Five obvious processes were classified during the whole observation period. Organics and sulfate were the dominant components in ambient aerosols over Xiamen. Most of the particles were in the size range of 0.2–1.0 μm, accounting for over 97% of the total particles measured by both instruments.Organics, as well as sulfate, measured by AMS were in good correlation with measured by SPAMS. However, high concentration of NH4+was obtained by AMS, while extremely low value of NH4+was detected by SPAMS. Contrarily, high particle number counts of NO3-and Clwere given by SPAMS while low concentrations of NO3-and Cl-were measured by AMS. The variations of POA and SOA obtained from SPAMS during event 1 and event 2 were in accordance with the analysis of HOA and OOA given by AMS, suggesting that both of AMS and SPAMS can well identify the organic clusters of aerosol particles. Overestimate or underestimate of the aerosol sources and acidity would be present in some circumstances when the measurement results were used to analyze the aerosol properties, because of the detection loss of some species for both instruments.  相似文献   

3.
    
To understand the physical and chemical characteristics, particle size distribution and sources of size-separated aerosols in Lhasa, which is located on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), six sizes of aerosol samples were collected in Lhasa in 2014. Ca2+, NH4+, NO3?, SO42?and Cl? were the dominant ions. The ratio of cation equivalents (CE) to anion equivalents (AE) for each particle size segment indicated that the atmospheric aerosols in Lhasa were alkaline. SO42? and NO3? could be neutralized by Ca2+, but could not be neutralized by NH4+, according to the [NH4+]/[NO3??+?SO42?] and [Ca2+]/[NO3??+?SO42?] ratios. Mobile sources were dominant in PM0.95–1.5, PM1.5–3 and PM3–7.2, while stationary sources were dominant in the other three size fractions according to the [NO3?]/[SO42?] ratios. The particle size distribution of all water-soluble ions during monsoon and non-monsoon periods was characterized by a bimodal distribution due to the different sources and formation mechanisms, and it was revealed that different ions had different sources in different seasons and different particle size segments by combining particle size distribution with correlation analysis. Source analysis of aerosols in Lhasa was performed using the Principal component analysis (PCA) for the first time, which revealed that combustion sources, motor vehicle exhaust, photochemical reaction sources and various types of dust were the main sources of Lhasa aerosols. Furthermore, Lhasa''s air quality was also affected by long-distance transmission, expressed as pollutants from South Asiaand West Asia, which were transmitted to Lhasa according to backward trajectory analysis.  相似文献   

4.
  总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
Size-resolved aerosols were continuously collected by a Nano Sampler for 13 days at an urban site in Beijing during winter 2012 to measure the chemical composition of ambient aerosol particles. Data collected by the Nano Sampler and an ACSM(Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor) were compared. Between the data sets,similar trends and strong correlations were observed,demonstrating the validity of the Nano Sampler. PM10 and PM2.5concentrations during the measurement were 150.5 ± 96.0 μg/m3(mean ± standard variation)and 106.9 ± 71.6 μg/m3,respectively. The PM2.5/PM10 ratio was 0.70 ± 0.10,indicating that PM2.5dominated PM10. The aerosol size distributions showed that three size bins of 0.5–1,1–2.5 and 2.5–10 μm contributed 21.8%,23.3% and 26.0% to the total mass concentration(TMC),respectively. OM(organic matter) and SIA(secondary ionic aerosol,mainly SO42-,NO3-and NH4+) were major components of PM2.5. Secondary compounds(SIA and secondary organic carbon) accounted for half of TMC(about 49.8%) in PM2.5,and suggested that secondary aerosols significantly contributed to the serious particulate matter pollution observed in winter. Coal burning,biomass combustion,vehicle emissions and SIA were found to be the main sources of PM2.5. Mass concentrations of water-soluble ions and undetected materials,as well as their fractions in TMC,strikingly increased with deteriorating particle pollution conditions,while OM and EC(elemental carbon) exhibited different variations,with mass concentrations slightly increasing but fractions in TMC decreasing.  相似文献   

5.
    
Recently, air quality has significantly improved in developed country, but that issue is of concern in emerging megacity in developing country.In this study, aerosols and their precursor gas were collected by NILU filter pack at two distinct urban sites during the winter and summer in Osaka, Japan and dry and rainy seasons in Ho Chi Minh City(HCMC),Vietnam.The aims are to investigate the contribution of water-soluble inorganic ions(WSIIs) to PM_(2.5), thermodynamic characterization and possible formation pathway of secondary inorganic aerosol(SIA).The PM_(2.5) concentration in Osaka(15.8 μg/m~3) is lower than that in HCMC(23.0 μg/m~3), but the concentration of WSIIs in Osaka(9.0 μg/m~3) is two times higher than that in HCMC(4.1 μg/m~3).Moreover, SIA including NH_4~+, NO_3~-and SO_4~(2-)are major components in WSIIs accounting for 90% and 76%(in molar) in Osaka and HCMC,respectively.Thermodynamic models were used to understand the thermodynamic characterization of urban aerosols.Overall, statistical analysis results indicate that very good agreement(R~2 0.8) was found for all species, except for nitrate aerosol in HCMC.We found that when the crustal species present at high amount, those compositions should be included in model calculation(i.e.in the HCMC situation).Finally, we analyzed the characteristics of NH_4~+– NO_3~-– SO_4~(2-)system.A possible pathway to produce fine nitrate aerosol in Osaka is via the homogeneous reaction between NH_3 and HNO_3, while nonvolatile nitrate aerosols can be formed by the heterogeneous reactions in HCMC.  相似文献   

6.
    
To understand the contribution of new particle formation (NPF) events to ambient fine par ticle pollution,measurements of particle size distributions,trace gases and meteorologica conditions,were conducted at a suburban site (NJU) from October to December 2016 and a an industrial site (NUIST) from September to November 2015 in Nanjing.According to the temporal evolution of the particle size distributions,three types NPF events were observed typical NPF (Type A),moderate NPF events (Type B) and s...  相似文献   

7.
2008年奥运前后北京城、郊PM2.5及其水溶性离子变化特征   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
2008年6月至9月,在北京城区清华大学和郊区密云水库开展大气颗粒物观测,采集了PM2.5样品共180个,并获得了PM2.5及12种水溶性离子的质量浓度.观测期间城区和郊区PM2.5浓度接近,分别为68.9μg.m-3和52.9μg.m-3;二次无机离子SO42-、NO3-和NH4+是PM2.5中含量最高的水溶性离子(三者占水溶性离子的比例达90%以上)并具有较高的区域贡献.奥运前后北京及周边地区的一系列临时减排措施使得污染物(SO2、NOx)排放量呈逐时段降低的趋势,并使得奥运期间(8月8日～8月24日)PM2.5及水溶性离子浓度均降至观测期间最低值(C2O42-除外).然而,观测期间PM2.5水溶性离子浓度的变化特征并不完全一致,NH4+占PM2.5比例的变化幅度明显小于SO42-和NO3-,NO3-浓度受源排放变化的影响程度比SO42-更加明显.这些复杂的变化特征表明,除污染物源排放外,气象条件也是影响PM2.5及其水溶性离子浓度的重要因素.气团来源分析显示,南方气流的区域性缓慢传输是导致奥运前(7月20日～8月7日)两个PM2.5重污染过程的关键成因,而北方洁净气流频繁、快速的输入则是导致奥运期间PM2.5浓度显著降低的重要原因之一.  相似文献   

8.
利用美国PC—2型气溶胶粒度分析仪,对淮南市的气溶胶现状进行厂流动监测,并研究其分布特征。结果表明,淮南市的气溶胶从西北向东南有明显的扩散趋势,最大浓度出现在早晨7～8时。大于1.0μm粒径的颗粒对气溶胶污染贡献较大。  相似文献   

9.
合肥市郊夏季PM10浓度及其与能见度的关系   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
年8—9月在合肥市郊对ρ(PM10)进行了观测,并分析了其中9种水溶性离子(NO2-、Cl-、NO3-、SO42-、NH4+、Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+、K+)质量浓度. 结果表明:采样期间该地区ρ(PM10)日均值为78.9 μg/m3,9种水溶性离子的平均质量浓度为18.93 μg/m3,占ρ(PM10)的26.6%,表明水溶性组分是PM10的重要组成之一. SO42-、NO3-、NH4+和Ca2+是主要的阴、阳离子,日均质量浓度分别为8.14、4.81、3.46和1.33 μg/m3. 不同RH(相对湿度)下PM10对能见度的影响不同,RH小于80%时,二者呈显著的线性负相关〔R(相关系数)为-0.80〕;RH大于80%时,二者呈指数负相关(R为-0.48). 离子间相关性分析显示,PM10中水溶性离子的主要结合方式为(NH4)2SO4、NH4HSO4、NH4NO3、KCl及K2SO4. 采样期间ρ(NO3-)/ρ(SO42-)平均值为0.59,说明在该地区固定源对水溶性组分的贡献大于移动源. 另外,扬尘也是PM10重要来源之一.   相似文献   

10.
         下载免费PDF全文
To investigate particle characteristics and find an effective measure to control severe particle pollution, year-round observation of size-segregated inorganic aerosols was conducted in Beijing from January to December, 2016. The sampled atmospheric particles all presented bimodal size distribution at four pollution levels (clear, slight pollution, moderate pollution and severe pollution), and peak values appeared at the size range of 0.7-2.1 μm and >9.0 μm, respectively. As dominant particle compositions, NO3−, SO42−, and NH4+ in four pollution levels all showed significant peaks in fine mode, especially at the size range of 1.1-2.1 μm. Secondary inorganic aerosols accounted for about 67.6% (36.3% (secondary sulfates) + 31.3% (secondary nitrates)) of the total sources of fine particles in urban Beijing. Severe pollution of fine particles was mainly caused by the air masses transported from nearby western and southern areas, which are industrial and densely populated region, respectively. Sensitivity tests further revealed that the control measures focusing on ammonium emission reduction was the most effective for particle pollution mitigation, and fine particles all showed nonlinear responses after reducing ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate concentrations, with the fitting curves of y = -120.8x - 306.1x2 + 290.2x3, y = -43.5x - 67.8x2, and y = -25.8x - 110.4x2 + 7.6x3, respectively (y and x present fine particle mass variation (μg/m3) and concentration reduction ratio (CRR)/100 (dimensionless)). Overall, our study presents useful information for understanding the characteristics of atmospheric inorganic aerosols in urban Beijing, as well as offers policy makers with effective measure for mitigating particle pollution.  相似文献   

11.
办公室空气颗粒物的粒度分布初探   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
用气溶胶自动分析仪对办公室内空气中的颗粒物进行了测定。测定结果表明：颗粒物的数量浓度、总表面积、质量浓度与颗粒物粒径在双对数坐标图上均呈直线关系，颗粒物浓度峰 粒径１￣２μｍ处。另外，吸烟对办公室内颗粒物的粒度分布影响较大。  相似文献   

12.
    
The characteristics of water-soluble ions in size-resolved particulate matter were investigated usingion chromatography at Shangdianzi,a regional background station of Beijing,Tianjin,and Hebei.Seasonal total concentrations of ions(Na~+,Mg~(2+),K~+,Ca~(2+),NH_4~+,Cl~-,SO_4~(2-) and NO_3~-) were75.5±52.9 μg/m~3 in spring,26.5±12.3μg/m~3 in summer,22.7±20.4μg/m~3 in autumn,and31.1±23.9 μg/m~3 in winter,respectively.The secondary ions(NO_3~-,SO_4~(2-) and NH_4~+),mainly associated with fine particles,accounted for 84.2%in spring,82.1%in summer,81.5%in autumn and 76.3%in winter of all ions.Strong correlations were found between NH_4~+ and SO_4~(2-)(r=0.95,p0.01) as well as NH_4~+ and NO_3~-(r=0.90,p0.01) in fine particles;while in coarse particles,correlations between Mg~(2+) and NO_3~-(r=0.80,p0.01),and Ca~(2+) and NO_3~-(r=0.85,p0.01) were found.The concentrations of Na~+,K~+,Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+),NH_4~+,Cl~-,NO_3~-,and SO_4~(2-) were 2.02,0.81,0.36,1.65,9.58,4.01,18.9,and 18.4 μg/m~3 in particulate matter from southeast-derived air masses,which were typically 1.58-3.37 times higher than in northwest trajectories.Thus,concentrations of water-soluble ions at this background station were heavily influenced by regional transport of serious pollution derived from biomass burning,coal combustion,industrial and vehicle exhaust emissions from Beijing,Tianjin,and Hebei.  相似文献   

13.
    
To investigate the secondary formation and pollution sources of atmospheric particles in urban Beijing,PM2.5 and its chemical components were collected and determined by URG-9000 D ambient ion monitor(AIM) from March 2016 to January 2017.Among water-soluble ions(WSIs), NO3-,SO42- and NH4+(SNA) had the largest proportion(77.8%) with the total concentration of 23.8 μg/m3.Moreover,as fine particle pollution wors...  相似文献   

14.
北京大气气溶胶中水溶性离子的粒径分布和垂直分布   总被引：26，自引：20，他引：26       下载免费PDF全文
2004-09在北京325 m气象塔的8、80、240 m 3个不同高度,利用Andersen分级采样器同步进行了大气气溶胶采样.样品用离子色谱（IC）进行了分析.结果表明,SO42-, NH+4、NO-3、K+的浓度在0.43～1.1 μm出现峰值;Ca2+、Mg2+的浓度在4.7～5.8 μm出现峰值;Na+,Cl-的浓度在0.65～1.1 μm和4.7～5.8 μm出现峰值.观测期间,二次离子（SO42-, NH+4、NO-3）的峰值从“凝结模态\"向“液滴模态\"移动,高湿度可能是形成液滴模态的重要原因.二次离子（SO42-,NH+4、NO-3）随着高度升高,浓度有增加的趋势;Ca2+、Mg2+在80 m出现高值;K+、Na+、Cl-的垂直分布比较均匀.  相似文献   

15.
为研究我国华北地区大气污染区域传输过程,2006-06在泰山日观峰上的泰山气象站,利用Andersen分级采样器同步进行了大气气溶胶采样,样品用离子色谱(IC)进行了分析.结果表明,SO2-4、NH 4、K 的浓度在0.43～0.65 μm出现峰值;Ca2 、Mg2 的浓度在4.7～5.8 μm出现峰值;NO-3、Na 、Cl-的浓度在0.43～0.65 μm和4.7～5.8 μm出现峰值.观测期间,高浓度的硫酸盐的质量中位直径在0.5～0.8 μm,属于\"液滴模态\".二次离子(SO2-4-、NH 4、NO-3)和K 浓度变化很剧烈,其它离子浓度变化不大.其中SO2-4的变化幅度最大,最低浓度为4.0 μg穖-3,最高浓度达到42.3 μg穖-3.来自泰山南方潮湿的气团是形成二次离子高值的原因.  相似文献   

16.
    
Tunnel displays a typical semi-closed environment, and multitudes of the pollutants tend to accumulate. The samples of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter(PM) were collected from the Xiangyin tunnel at Shanghai to investigate the characteristics of the pollutant emissions. The results indicated that both gaseous pollutants and PM exhibited much higher concentrations during the rush hours in the morning and at night due to vehicle emission. Two peaks of the PM concentration were observed in the scope of 0.7‐1.1 and 3.3–4.7 μm, accounting for 14.6% and 20.3% of the total concentrations, respectively.Organic matter(OM), EC, and many water-soluble ions were markedly higher at the rush hours in the morning than those at night, implicating comprehensive effects of vehicle types and traffic volume. The particle number concentrations exhibited two peaks at Aitken mode(25 nm and 100 nm) and accumulation mode(600 nm), while the particle volume concentration displayed high values at the accumulation mode(100–500 nm) and coarse mode(2.5–4.0 μm). The peak around 100 nm was detected in the morning rush hours, but it diminished with the decrease of the traffic volume. Individual-particle analysis revealed that main particles in the tunnel were Fe-rich particles, K-rich particles, mineral particles,Ca–S rich particles and Al–Si particles. The particles collected at the rush hours displayed marked different morphologies, element concentrations and particle sizes compared to the ones collected at the non-rush period. The data presented herein could shed a light on the feature of vehicle emissions.  相似文献   

17.
    
Fireworks burning releases massive fine particles and gaseous pollutants, significantly deteriorating air quality during Chinese Lunar New Year(LNY) period. To investigate the impact of the fireworks burning on the atmospheric aerosol chemistry, 1-hr time resolution of PM_(2.5) samples in Xi'an during the winter of 2016 including the LNY were collected and detected for inorganic ions, acidity and liquid water content(LWC) of the fine aerosols. PM_(2.5) during the LNY was 167 ± 87 μg/m~3, two times higher than the China National Ambient Air Quality Standard(75 μg/m~3). K~+(28 wt.% of the total ion mass) was the most abundant ion in the LNY period, followed by SO_4~(2-)(25 wt.%) and Cl-(18 wt.%). In contrast, NO_3~-(34 wt.%) was the most abundant species in the haze periods(hourly PM32-2.5 75 μg/m), followed by SO_4(29.2 wt.%) and NH_4~+(16.3 wt.%), while SO_4~(2-)(35 wt.%) was the most abundant species in the clean periods(hourly PM_(2.5) 75 μg/m~3), followed by NO_3~-(23.1 wt.%) and NH_4~+(11 wt.%). Being different from the acidic nature in the non-LNY periods, aerosol in the LNY period presented an alkaline nature with a pH value of 7.8 ± 1.3. LWC during the LNY period showed a robust linear correlation with K_2SO_4 and KCl, suggesting that aerosol hygroscopicity was dominated by inorganic salts derived from fireworks burning. Analysis of correlations between the ratios of NO--3/SO_4~(2-) and NH_4~+/SO_4~(2-) indicated that heterogeneous reaction of HNO_3 with NH_3 was an important formation pathway of particulate nitrate and ammonium during the LNY period.  相似文献   

18.
大气细菌粒子与飘尘粒子的关系   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
本研究用ANDERSEN生物粒子采样器和光散射气溶胶粒子计数器,在北京西单和丰台对大气细菌粒子与飘尘粒子的浓度和浓度分布及两者之间的关系进行了观测。结果表明,大气细菌粒子的日平均浓度为2.882个/l,浓度分布是从第6级至第1级逐级增大;飘尘粒子的平均浓度为149464个/l,浓度分布是从0.5～32μm依次减小:大气细菌粒子浓度与≥2.0μm的飘尘粒子有非常明显的正相关关系。  相似文献   

19.
大气微小颗粒物中汞的污染特性初步研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
采用分级采样器采集大气中微小颗粒物中的汞,用冷原子吸收测汞仪分析。结果表明,颗粒态汞浓度随粒径分布呈双峰型,2个峰值分别出现在粒径1.0μm和4.0μm左右,与水溶性离子,碳含量的粒径分布基本一致。PM_(1.6)、PM_(8)和TSP中颗粒态汞的浓度分别为0.150、0.273、0.429ng/m~3,汞的质量分数分别为3.75.1.09、1.07μg/g,高于背景参考值;结果还表明,颗粒态汞主要集中在细颗粒中。通过正态概率分布测算,PM_(1.6)、PM_(6)中汞主要来自于1个主体源;PM_(1.6)中汞的浓度与硫酸根离子呈显著性相关,而与硝酸根离子、氯离子则不显著相关:说明颗粒物中汞的主要来源可能与燃煤有关。  相似文献   

20.
南京市大气气溶胶中部分无机离子的粒径分布   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
将气溶胶粒子(粒径Dp为0～8 5μm)分为8级,对各级粒子中的无机离子(NH+4,SO42-,NO3-,Cl-和F-)进行分析测定。结果显示,Cl-,F-和NO3-较多地分布在粗粒子中,而SO42-和NH4+则更多地分布在细粒子中。在质量浓度分布函数图上,NH4+,Cl-,F-和SO42-是双峰分布,NO3-没有表现出粒径分布的规律。SO42-对细粒子的酸碱度影响较大,其质量浓度与NH4+有较好的相关性。细粒态的NH4+大多以(NH4)2SO4形式存在。   相似文献   

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