水解酸化-厌氧-好氧法处理NF合成制药废水研究

研究了序批式水解酸化-厌氧-好氧生物处理工艺对NF合成制药废水的处理。由于NF制药废水中含有大量有毒有机化合物，在生物处理过程中这些有毒物质会抑制活性污泥的活性，因此需经过适当稀释原水以达到处理单元可接受的毒性范围。采用BOD Track快速测定了不同原水稀释条件下活性污泥呼吸曲线第一段斜率的变化，结果表明，当原水稀释20倍以上后，对活性污泥的活性没有明显的抑制。通过批量实验，优化了工艺的运行条件，并进行了小试的连续运行。采用本工艺可以达到NF制药废水COD的稳定高效去除，结果显示，COD的去除率可达76％。     

酶促活性填料处理高盐制药废水

采用向曝气池中投加酶促活性生物填料的方法提升原工艺处理高盐制药废水的能力,结果表明:在进水COD为10000～12000 mg/L、含盐量为30000～45000 mg/L、有机负荷为3～4 kg/m3.d时,COD去除率达到90%以上;投加了酶促活性填料的曝气池处理能力为传统活性污泥法处理能力的3倍以上,可以快捷经济地提升传统活性污泥工艺处理能力。     

微电解-絮凝预处理味精发酵废母液实验研究

味精发酵废母液COD浓度极高,为了有效降低后续生物处理单元的负荷,研究采用微电解絮凝方法预处理该废水。实验研究了曝气对废水COD去除率的影响,用正交实验考察了原水和出水pH值、Fe/C和反应温度等因素对COD去除率的影响,实验结果表明,曝气能有效提高COD去除率;在正交实验确定的优化因素组合,即原水pH为2,出水pH值为9,Fe/C为0.5的条件下反应3 h,废水COD平均去除率可达到48.7%。     

腈纶纱染色的废水预处理工程实例

为使腈纶纱染色废水达到接管标准的要求,采用水解-塔式生物滤池和混凝沉淀工艺,对腈纶纱染色的废水预处理工程进行设计。经工程运行表明,原水COD≤1600mg／L时,适当增大回流量,水解-塔式生物滤池对COD的去除率可达57％;再经混凝沉淀,COD的去除率可达45％,出水COD〈380mg／L,满足了接管要求,而色度、SS远低于接管要求。     

臭氧-曝气生物滤池处理酸性玫瑰红染料废水

在实验室配制含酸性玫瑰红染料的印染废水,采用臭氧氧化-曝气生物滤池工艺开展处理试验.试验运行结果表明,臭氧氧化处理能提高模拟废水的可生化性,BOD/COD值由原水的0.18上升到0.36.经组合工艺处理后出水COD＜40 mg/L,色度40倍以下,SS约50 mg/L,处理效果良好.     

序批式活性污泥法工艺处理含盐废水动力学模型研究

为了实现含盐废水序批式活性污泥法(SBR)工艺的启动,采用逐步提高废水中NaCl浓度负荷的方法对活性污泥进行驯化,并建立有机物(COD)与NH4+-N的降解动力学模型。结果表明,经过280d的驯化和稳定运行,SBR系统可以有效降解含盐废水,COD去除率高于74%,NH4+-N平均去除率高于90%,实现了SBR工艺处理含盐废水的启动和稳定运行。含盐废水有机物(COD)降解动力学参数r0(无盐条件下的COD去除速率)为129.87mg/(L.h),KY(盐抑制常数)为7700.01mg/L;含盐废水硝化反应动力学参数Ks(饱和常数)为186.52mg/L,vmax(NH4+-N的最大比降解速率)为0.0034h-1。     

AnEMBR-IFFAS耦合工艺处理石化废水

石化废水具有成分复杂、生物毒性和可生化性差等特点,废水中的高浓度耗氧有机物(以COD计)以及有毒物质会抑制生物活性,传统厌氧/好氧工艺在处理此类废水时难以达到理想效果。为强化生物处理效果,构建了一种新型电化学强化厌氧膜生物反应器(AnEMBR)与基于悬浮生物载体的生物膜与活性污泥复合工艺(IFFAS)处理实际石化废水。通过AnEMBR构建的生物电化学系统去除COD,并通过IFFAS内的改性载体实现同步硝化反硝化(SND)以去除NH₄⁺-N和TN。运行期间COD去除率大于95%,在-1.2 V的外加电压下缓解不可逆膜污染并回收沼气 (CH₄占比90.7%) 。稳定运行阶段的COD、NH₄⁺-N、TN的平均去除率可达到97.9%、93.1%和72.2%,平均出水COD为52.11 mg·L⁻¹、NH₄⁺-N为3.70 mg·L⁻¹、TN为15.19 mg·L⁻¹,达到了《石油化学工业污染物排放标准》(GB 31571‐2015)。以上研究结果可为石化废水强化生物处理提供参考。     

白糖为共基质处理有机磷农药废水的试验研究

有机磷农药废水是一种极难处理的高浓度有机废水,因为该废水含有大量的难降解有机物,其中的有机磷对微生物代谢具有很强的抑制作用。采用高效好氧生物反应器(HCR)对有机磷农药废水进行处理试验,对比研究了以白糖为共基质和有机磷农药废水为单基质的两种不同条件下,系统中活性污泥的特性及系统对有机磷农药废水COD去除效果的变化规律。结果表明,白糖为共基质可大大提高HCR系统中活性污泥的活性和系统对有机磷农药废水COD的去除效果。     

活性污泥法处理炼油碱渣废水

采用活性污泥法对某炼油厂预处理后的碱渣废水进行了处理。以目标废水为碳源对活性污泥进行了成功驯化,然后用驯化后的活性污泥对炼油碱渣废水进行净化处理,以降低其COD(化学需要氧量)值。实验结果表明,活性污泥生化处理对炼油碱渣废水的COD值具有较高的降低作用。在水力停留时间为24 h的条件下,COD的平均去除率可达76%,容积负荷为0.7 kg COD/(m3·d)左右,运行10 d后,COD总去除率可达74%左右,出水水质达到国家三级排放标准(GB 8978-1996)。     

臭氧-曝气生物滤池处理酸性玫瑰红染料废水

在实验室配制含酸性玫瑰红染料的印染废水，采用臭氧氧化-曝气生物滤池工艺开展处理试验。试验运行结果表明，臭氧氧化处理能提高模拟废水的可生化性，BOD／COD值由原水的0．18上升到0．36。经组合工艺处理后出水COD〈40mg／L，色度40倍以下，SS约50mg／L，处理效果良好。     

生物铁法去除维生素B1生产废水中COD的试验研究

生物铁法是一种新型的强化活性污泥法,处理高浓度、难生物降解维生素B1生产废水具有很大的优势.当进水COD浓度维持在8000 mg/L时,COD的去除率可达94%以上,比普通活性污泥法高出9.7%.生物铁法污泥絮凝沉淀效果好,能保证系统有较高浓度的回流污泥,从而使曝气池的污泥浓度得到提高,COD的去除率也会相应地提高.     

A-O工艺污泥疏水比率与污泥活性的关系

通过A-O工艺对印染废水的降解处理,研究了不同污泥活性下微生物疏水比率和COD去除率的变化规律.结果表明,污泥活性指标ATP浓度与微生物疏水性之间存在一定关系,并对COD去除率产生一定的影响.缺氧污泥的活性指标ATP浓度在0.38～0.77 mg/L范围时,污泥微生物的疏水性最好且疏水比率最高值为84％,COD的去除率最高,为70.01％;好氧污泥的活性指标ATP浓度在0.86～2.17 mg/L范围时,污泥微生物的疏水性最好,疏水比率最高值为75％,COD的去除率最高为96.2％.     

Removal of organic compounds during treating printing and dyeing wastewater of different process units

Wastewater in Shaoxing wastewater treatment plant (SWWTP) is composed of more than 90% dyeing and printing wastewater with high pH and sulfate. Through a combination process of anaerobic acidogenic [hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 15h], aerobic (HRT of 20h) and flocculation-precipitation, the total COD removal efficiency was up to 91%. But COD removal efficiency in anaerobic acidogenic unit was only 4%. As a comparison, the COD removal efficiency was up to 35% in the pilot-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor (HRT of 15h). GC-MS analysis showed that the response abundance of these wastewater samples decreased with their removal of COD. A main component of the raw influent was long-chain n-alkanes. The final effluent of SWWTP had only four types of alkanes. After anaerobic unit at SWWTP, the mass percentage of total alkanes to total organic compounds was slightly decreased while its categories increased. But in the UASB, alkanes categories could be removed by 75%. Caffeine as a chemical marker could be detected only in the effluent of the aerobic process. Quantitative analysis was given. These results demonstrated that GC-MS analysis could provide an insight to the measurement of organic compounds removal.     

Investigation of OUR and NUR experiments for nitrogen and phosphorus removal with activated sludge: a lab-scale study

Activated sludge systems are widely used in wastewater treatment. Organic carbon removal and nutrient removal are important for stringent water discharge standards. Therefore, activated sludge systems are widely used to remove carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in new wastewater treatment systems or upgrades of existing systems. The determination of system compounds and kinetic parameters for modelling of these systems are important. For this purpose, respirometric measurements are used to reveal the electron consumption rate of biomass. In order to determine OUR (oxygen uptake rate) and NUR (nitrate uptake rate) parameters, a laboratory scale activated sludge system, including anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic zones, was developed. The performance of the system was continuously controlled from influent and effluent samples. OUR and NUR measurements indicated the kind of nitrogen-phosphorus removal systems required. Moreover, phosphorus uptake in the anoxic zone was investigated. It was found that phosphorus uptake in the anaerobic zone was related to substrate type consumed biologically. The OUR and NUR were found to be lower than in continuous activated sludge measurements. This may be because the mixed culture of the system affected the system performance, owing to competition between denitrification bacteria and poly-P bacteria.     

活性炭催化臭氧氧化深度处理工艺对酵母发酵废水中有机物的去除特性分析

酵母发酵废水经过厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床（EGSB）-好氧膜生物反应器（MBR）组合工艺处理后,仍含有较高浓度的COD,不能满足排放要求。以发酵废水处理过程中MBR处理单元的出水为研究对象,选择活性炭催化臭氧氧化作为其深度处理工艺,以活性炭吸附和单独臭氧氧化工艺作为对比,重点考察了活性炭催化臭氧氧化深度处理工艺对发酵废水中有机物的去除效能,并借助红外光谱、三维荧光光谱和气相色谱-质谱联用等方法,详细分析了发酵废水深度处理过程中有机物的变化规律。研究结果表明,活性炭催化臭氧氧化深度处理工艺对发酵废水中的芳香族化合物、具有共轭双键的有机物及色度具有良好的去除效果;并且对废水中酸类、醇类和醛类等有机物有较好的降解、转化和去除效果。此外,活性炭催化臭氧氧化工艺还可以使以烷烃、卤代烃、醇类、酯类和酮类为主的大分子有机物的含量大幅度减少。     

Biological treatment of dye wastewaters using an anaerobic-oxic system

Three dye solutions, namely, C.I. Acid Yellow 17, C.I. Basic Blue 3, and C.I. Basic Red 2, were treated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by a semi-continuous aerobic activated sludge tank. When hydraulic retention time was about 12 hours, no significant color removal was observed in the aerobic stage. In the anaerobic stage, Acid Yellow 17, Basic Blue 3, and Basic Red 2 were removed by 20%, 72%, and 78%, respectively. To treat wastewater from a dye manufacturing factory with COD concentration of 1200 mg/l and Color of 500 degree (dilution factor), an UASB reactor (4.5 liters) and an activated sludge tank (5 liters, adjustable), COD and color were removed by more than 83% and 90% at a COD loading rate of 5.3 kg COD/m³-day in the anaerobic stage, and at the hydraulic retention time of 6-10 hours for the anaerobic stage and 6.5 for the aerobic stage. The anaerobic stage of the A/O system removes both color and COD. In addition, it also improves biodegradability of dyes for further aerobic treatment.     

高盐废水体系运行模式对活性污泥颗粒化过程的影响

好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)技术在高盐废水处理领域具有广阔应用潜力,高盐胁迫条件下运行模式对造粒过程影响尚不清晰。采用3个序批式反应器(SBR),探究好氧模式(R1)、厌氧/好氧模式(R2为厌氧推流进水30 min;R3为厌氧推流进水120 min)对活性污泥颗粒化过程及高盐废水处理效能的影响。结果发现,R1、R2和R3造粒时间无显著差异(分别在第13、13、10 d实现完全颗粒化),而R3培养的颗粒结构更致密、胞外蛋白/胞外多糖(PN/PS)含量较高。3个SBR均可在高盐废水体系实现高TOC去除率(>97%);R1和R2的NH₄⁺-N去除率大于96%,而R3在50%~70%波动,可能是硫酸盐还原菌(Desulfovibrio和Fusibacter)在长厌氧推流进水过程产生的S^2-抑制了硝化反应。本研究结果可为高盐废水体系活性污泥造粒过程提供参考。     

SBR法处理保险粉废水

对SBR法处理保险粉废水的可行性进行了研究。结果表明,活性污泥经驯化后能较好地适应保险粉废水。该工艺在悬浮性固体(MLSS)含量为4 g/L,污泥负荷为0.23 kg COD/(kg污泥·d),水力停留时间(HRT)10 h,溶解氧(DO)2~4 mg/L以及实验温度25~35℃,周期为12 h的运行条件下,对COD的去除率为89.3%,完全达到该废水行业排放标准要求。其适宜的污泥龄为20 d,为中试和工艺设计应用提供了参考。     

微曝气Fenton氧化法处理模拟双酚A废水的效果及其生物验证

研究了微曝气Fenton氧化法关键工艺参数对模拟双酚A（BPA）废水处理效果的影响,并从活性污泥性质和污染物去除率两方面,采用膜生物反应器(membrane bioreactor, MBR)对微曝气Fenton氧化法的处理效果进行了实验验证,为实现BPA废水的生物处理奠定基础。结果表明,初始pH值、反应时间、H₂O₂/COD(质量浓度比)、H₂O₂/Fe²⁺ (摩尔浓度比)、反应温度及曝气量均对预处理效果有较大影响,在最佳条件下,COD去除率可达70%,BOD/COD值则由原废水的0.02提高到0.50以上。MBR处理上述出水的结果表明,经微曝气Fenton氧化处理BPA的废水,可较好地适应后续的生化处理。