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 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
    
Dick B 《Disasters》1986,10(1):53-64
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2.
    
Taylor AJ 《Disasters》1986,10(1):70-73
This paper was prepared in 1978 on the basis of a review of sociological and anthropological fieldwork conducted up to that time. Although theoretical in presentation its conclusions are formulated in accordance with the author's own extensive observations of organizational response to natural disasters in developing countries, especially those having sudden onset. Practical implications for co-ordination agencies and pre-disaster training are drawn.  相似文献   

3.
防灾减灾的基础研究及应用研究进展概况   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4  
人类社会是在对自然灾害的不断斗争中得到发展。近代由于全球人口的迅速增长和城市化程度的提高,自然灾害的损失也在急剧增加。防灾减灾是减轻灾害损失、保障社会可持续发展的系统工程。当前灾害监测技术、灾害的形成和发展规律、灾情评估方法、灾害管理及灾害对社会经济的影响等方面的基础研究及应用研究已有了不小的进展。本文概括地介绍了这些进展,并指出了防灾减灾工作中存在的一些问题及对策  相似文献   

4.
Britton NR 《Disasters》1984,8(2):124-137
An analysis of organizations involved in response to disaster within Australia is offered. The location of these key organizations within the existing institutional framework, and a discussion of the functions of each, together with the relationships between them is provided. Particular emphasis is placed on the location and role of the State and Territory Emergency Service organizations (S/TES's) within this organizational network. The paper suggests there are a number of constraints that operate upon the S/TES's which prejudice both the effectiveness of this organizational type and that of the entire organizational network. These constraints are analyzed in terms of power and influence variables. The outcome of this discussion is the development of a taxonomy of Australia's counter-disaster organizations that is based on: (1) the ability of individual organizations within the network to determine the role which it will perform; and (2) the potential of the organization to influence the direction of the network.  相似文献   

5.
自然灾害等级划分及灾害分级管理研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
冯志泽 《灾害学》1996,11(1):34-37
在论述了我国目前自然灾害等级划分和灾害分级管理的几种方法基础上,对自然灾害等级划分及灾害分级管理综合因素进行了分析认为:对自然灾害等级划分要统一评判指标─-以经济损失和人员伤亡为评判指标;建议在分级管理中采用灾害分级和灾损率两项指标;在灾害管理中建立科学的查灾、计灾、报交制度,加快灾害管理立法,走以法治灾之路.  相似文献   

6.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Luna EM 《Disasters》2001,25(3):216-226
The Philippines is very vulnerable to natural disasters because of its natural setting, as well as its socio-economic, political and environmental context--especially its widespread poverty. The Philippines has a well-established institutional and legal framework for disaster management, including built-in mechanisms for participation of the people and NGOs in decision-making and programme implementation. The nature and extent of collaboration with government in disaster preparedness and mitigation issues varies greatly according to their roots, either in past confrontation and political struggles or traditional charity activities. The growing NGO involvement in disaster management has been influenced by this history. Some agencies work well with local government and there is an increasing trend for collaborative work in disaster mitigation and preparedness. Some NGOs, however, retain critical positions. These organisations tend to engage more in advocacy and legal support for communities facing increased risk because of development projects and environmental destruction. Entry points into disaster mitigation and preparedness vary as well. Development-oriented agencies are drawn into these issues when the community members with whom they work face disaster. Relief organisations, too, realise the need for community mobilisation, and are thus drawn towards development roles.  相似文献   

7.
支持灾害管理决策的咨询信息系统   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为减少中国大城市灾害造成的损失,运用信息科学、系统科学的方法和计算机技术,建立支持灾害管理决策的咨询信息系统(DMDSCIS)。灾害文献数据库管理系统(DLDBMS)是这一咨询信息系统的知识基础和信息来源。本文论述了“DLDBMS”和三个主要的子系统“灾害文献数据库管理系统”、“灾害事实数据库管理系统”、“中外减灾法规超文本检索系统”的作用、设计思想、构成、功能和实现方法。  相似文献   

8.
灾害损失的定量计算   总被引:23,自引:5,他引:23  
冯利华 《灾害学》1993,8(2):17-19
本文提出了一个衡量灾害损失的定量指标——灾级。灾级大小是将一次灾害中死亡、伤害和直接经济损失数折算成规范化指数后计算出来的。其方法简单易行,且适用性强。  相似文献   

9.
阙维民 《灾害学》1994,9(2):90-93
灾害地图,作为一种专题地图,是地图方法在灾害研究中运用的基础。本文就灾害地图的组成、分类、编制、应用等问题作了探讨。  相似文献   

10.
    
Jibum Chung 《Disasters》2016,40(3):554-572
The purpose of this research is to analyse the conflicts that arise among major stakeholders during the process of disaster management and to suggest policy recommendations for improving disaster management systems. It describes several important conflict cases that have occurred among major stakeholders, such as governments, private‐sector entities, and non‐governmental organisations, during natural disaster management. In addition, it probes the similarities and the differences between such conflicts in the Republic of Korea and the United States. The differences between them may originate from a range of factors, such as the disaster itself, cultural features, management practices, and government organisation. However, the conflicts also are very similar in some ways, as the motivations and the behaviour of stakeholders during a disaster are alike in both countries. Based on this comparison, the study presents some common and important implications for successful disaster management practices in Korea and the US, as well as in many other nations around the world.  相似文献   

11.
自然灾害风险评价初步研究   总被引:15,自引:2,他引:15  
自然灾害风险评价是减灾研究的重要组成部分,可为风险区土地的合理利用与投资、灾害预防与管理、灾害保险制度的建立以及灾期的快速评估和辅助决策提供科学依据。本文在分析自然灾害风险评价发展历史的基础上,提出了自然灾害风险评价不仅应包括自然灾害发生的可能性,而且还应包括由此而引起的可能的后果的风险分析概念,并且探讨了将自然灾害与风险区价值及抗灾性能作为整体进行风险评价的理论和方法。  相似文献   

12.
面向问题的自然灾害监测与评估集成系统研究   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1  
本文描述具体应用在诸如洪水、林火、地震、雪灾、旱灾、虫害等重大自然灾害遥感监测与评估的面向问题的地理信息专题系统。简称灾害集成系统。该系统运行在UNIX平台上,采用面向要素的数据模型,用广义的关系数据库系统实现空间数据和非空间数据的存储管理。  相似文献   

13.
本文以ABC分类法说明了减轻地震灾害的重要意义,指出了地震灾害绝对损失数额一般会随社会经济发展而逐渐增大这一客观事实。文中提出了表达地震灾害危险性、防抗灾工程投资和社会经济发展关系的一般数学模型,对灾害管理与经济发展的辩证关系进行了讨论。  相似文献   

14.
登陆广东的热带气旋灾害评估和预测模式   总被引:10,自引:3,他引:10  
本文通过对登陆广东省的热带气旋的灾害研究,建立了三个适合当地情况的灾害评估预测模式,拟合效果较为理想,可在热带气旋影响结束后的1-2天内对灾情作出客观评估。  相似文献   

15.
滑坡灾害经济评价初探   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
姚运生  袁丽 《灾害学》1995,10(2):90-93
本文根据滑坡灾害是自然过程迭加在社会和经济基础上形成的思想,结合滑坡灾害的具体情况,提出了滑坡灾害的经济评价方法,并引入两个具体实例给予了描述。  相似文献   

16.
本文从必要性和重要性、政府职责、政府投入、政府组织等几方面论述和分析灾害救助中政府行为,进而指出政府灾害救助行为的发展趋势。  相似文献   

17.
金磊 《灾害学》1993,8(4):94-96
本文在突出综合减灾及政府在减灾中的职能作用的基础上,针对现行存在问题,探讨了减灾管理的基本模式。并提出了尽快建立集“环保、减灾、安全”为一体的减灾机构。  相似文献   

18.
一个防灾工程投入优化配置的数学模式   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文建立了一个能反映防灾工程的特征,并将防灾总投入最优地分配到防灾工程的各个部分和各部分的各类投入上,同时又能被整合到防灾工程评价体系中的数学模式。模式的解产生了总投入在减灾工程不同部位、不同种类投入之间优化配置的平衡条件。  相似文献   

19.
张茂树 《灾害学》1994,9(2):62-63
本文列举的瘟灾其区域之广、损失之惨都是怵目惊心的。加强对瘟疫灾害的研究与防治不仅是世界医学界的光荣使命,也是全人类共同努力的世界工程。  相似文献   

20.
朱景春  屈云升 《灾害学》1991,6(1):36-41
黑龙江省是全国受灾最重、损失最大的省份之一。本文对其40年来主要灾害—农业灾害、森林火灾、地震灾害、城市灾害作了概略的介绍,通过统计及其规律的探讨与分析,提出了未来10年灾害预测,并作出了减灾的战略目标和实施对策。  相似文献   

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