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Trace contamination with dioxin-like chemicals: evaluation of bioassay-based TEQ determination for hazard assessment and regulatory responses 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ilse Van Overmeire George C. Clark David J. Brown Michael D. Chu W. Marcus Cooke Michael S. Denison Willy Baeyens Sarah Srebrnik Leo Goeyens 《Environmental Science & Policy》2001,4(6):1515
Many recent dioxin contamination events have been traced back to poisoned animal feed or feed ingredients. Therefore, enforcement authorities placed limits on the levels of dioxins in food and feed or implemented strict monitoring and control programs. The levels in force are generally expressed as TEQ values, which inherently accepts the underlying hypothesis that the effects of dioxin-like chemicals are additive. TEQ determination involves either chemo-analysis, with high-resolution gas chromatography in combination with high-resolution mass spectroscopy, or bio-analysis. Bio-analytical methods, more particularly the reporter gene expression method CALUX, are advantageous due to their high throughput rate and low cost. Moreover, the CALUX methodology detects the overall dioxin-like toxicity, rather than the limited number of compounds investigated by chemo-analysis. Bioanalytical methods such as CALUX also differ from chemo-analysis in that the contribution of antagonistic as well as synergistic effects, which violate the additivity principle, can be detected. The application of bio-analytical methods can facilitate a broader assessment of public health risks by intensifying the current monitoring programs in terms of both sample numbers and types. Bio-analysis provides information on the total dioxin-like activity of the samples under study (hazard assessment); however, chemo-analysis is still needed to identify the predominant contaminants (congener identification) for risk management. 相似文献
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The adverse effects of environmental pollution on our well-being have been intensively studied with many in vitro and in vivo systems. In our group, we focus on stem cell toxicology due to the multitude of embryonic stem cell (ESC) properties which can be exerted in toxicity assays. In fact, ESCs can differentiate in culture to mimic embryonic development in vivo, or specifically to virtually any kind of somatic cells. Here, we used the toxicant Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical known as a hazard to infants and children, and showed that our stem cell toxicology system was able to efficiently recapitulate most of the toxic effects of BPA previously detected by in vitro system or animal tests. More precisely, we demonstrated that BPA affected the proper specification of germ layers during our in vitro mimicking of the embryonic development, as well as the establishment of neural ectoderm and neural progenitor cells. 相似文献
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仿生脂肪细胞制备以及对水体中林丹去除的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用生物体脂肪组织可以对脂溶性有机物有效富集的原理,通过界面聚合合成了类似脂肪细胞结构的仿生脂肪细胞,并对其结构进行了初步表征.仿生脂肪细胞具有亲水性膜以及亲脂性的内部结构,亲水性的膜允许携带脂溶性有机物的水体穿过膜,亲脂性的内含物将脂溶性有机物富集截留.仿生脂肪细胞对林丹具有较好的去除效果,15%三油酸甘油酯含量的仿生脂肪细胞与粉末活性炭具有相当的林丹去除能力.仿生脂肪细胞对林丹的去除机理包括内含物的生物富集以及膜上空腔的物理吸附两部分,而内含物的生物富集作用则是主要作用方式. 相似文献
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食品垃圾好氧降解过程中挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放特征 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
采用实验室模拟方法,研究了混合食品垃圾(FW)及以橙子、生菜、土豆和西红柿为代表的4种植物性易降解有机垃圾组分好氧降解过程中排放出来的117种挥发性有机物(VOCs)的排放量和组成特征.结果表明,混合食品垃圾好氧降解过程中VOCs总排放量为951.80mg·kg-1,主要为有机硫、含氧化合物和萜烯,分别占VOCs总排放量的43.1%、53.3%和2.1%.橙子、生菜、土豆和西红柿4种植物性易降解有机垃圾好氧降解过程中VOCs的总排放量分别为12736.72、118.67、57.40和228.08mg·kg-1,主要成分均为含氧化合物和萜烯;含氧化合物分别占橙子、生菜、土豆和西红柿4种植物性易降解有机垃圾VOCs总排放量的13.5%、80.9%、85.9%和79.5%,萜烯分别占4种植物性易降解有机垃圾VOCs总排放量的86.5%、16.6%、8.2%和15.6%. 相似文献
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活性污泥中典型内分泌干扰物的分析方法 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
对代表烷基酚类的典型内分泌干扰物(EDCs)叔辛基酚、辛基酚、壬基酚、双酚A,和代表类固醇的典型内分泌干扰物17α-乙炔基雌二醇和雌三醇等6种物质,建立了活性污泥水相与固相中的SPE-GC/MS的同时分析方法。对比分析了三种不同的固相萃取浓缩小柱的效果,发现具有梯度极性的Bond Elut-Plexa小柱对所选6种内分泌干扰物萃取回收效果较好。通过所建立的方法对6种EDCs在污水和污泥中的浓度进行了分析,检测回收率达80.5%和84.8%以上。并通过该分析方法对上海某污水净化水厂曝气池中污水和污泥浓度进行了有效分析。 相似文献
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《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(3):735-741
Pesticides are a well-known family of chemicals that have contaminated water systems globally. Four common subfamilies of pesticides include organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and carbamate insecticides which have been shown to adversely affect the human nervous system. Studies have shown a link between pesticide exposure and decreased viability, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of murine neural stem cells. Besides human exposure directly through water systems, additional factors such as pesticide bioaccumulation, biomagnification and potential synergism due to co-exposure to other environmental contaminants must be considered. A possible avenue to investigate the molecular mechanisms and biomolecules impacted by the various classes of pesticides includes the field of -omics. Discovery of the precise molecular mechanisms behind pesticide-mediated neurodegenerative disorders may facilitate development of targeted therapeutics. Likewise, discovery of pesticide biodegradation pathways may enable novel approaches for water system bioremediation using genetically engineered microorganisms. In this mini-review, we discuss recently established harmful impacts of various categories of pesticides on the nervous system and the application of -omics field for discovery, validation, and mitigation of pesticide neurotoxicity. 相似文献
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环境痕量污染物及其防控对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着工业化、城市化发展,越来越多的各种人造化学品被释放到环境中来,引发以POPs,PTS,PBT,EDCs等痕量污染物为主要特征的第三代环境问题。本文从环境科学的角度提出一个新的环境管理概念——环境痕量污染物(ETPs),并分析ETPs的污染特征来形成新的环境管理领域,并提出中国ETPs防控的若干对策,为解决中国经济社会发展中出现新的突出的环境问题提供指导。 相似文献
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为防止新化学物质投入市场时对生态环境造成危害,需对其生态危害程度进行评价。现有评价方法把各指标对生态危害的贡献看成是等效的,不能客观反映事实,且评价指标较多,指标之间具有较强的相关性,会降低预测精确度,为了解决该问题,文章将主成分分析和支持向量机相结合。首先运用主成分分析进行特征提取,降低数据维数,获取数据的主要信息;然后将二值分类支持向量机扩展到多类支持向量机,利用多类支持向量机建立化学物质生态危害预测模型,采用10折交叉验证法对模型进行检验,得到平均正确率达到89.24%。并与未进行主成分分析的支持向量机分类模型进行了比较,实验结果表明该方法具有更好的预测精度,值得推广。 相似文献
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化学品环境管理实践中,化学品危害特性和暴露评估相关数据涉及的化学品所有者的商业保密信息(CBI)是管理部门和企业重点关注的焦点之一.通过信息的公布,可以让公众了解化学品的有毒有害特性,提前防范其环境和健康风险,实现管理目标,但同时也可能影响化学品企业的商业利益、竞争地位和技术优势,损害企业的利益.美国和欧盟的化学品管理法规均对CBI提出了规定和要求,其管理实践对完善中国化学品环境管理中保密信息的管理具有积极的借鉴意义. 相似文献
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Xiaoyi Wang Wei Shi Jiang Wu Yingqun Hao Guanjiu Hu Hongling Liu Xiaodong Han Hongxia Yu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(2):297-303
Water pollution of the Yangtze River in China became one of challenges that the government is facing today.Increasing numbers of petrochemical plants were built along the river in past decades,and numbers of organic chemicals were discharged into the river.Our goal was to establish in vitro system on rat sertoli cells,spermatogenic cells and leydig cells to investigate the reproductive toxicity potential induced by organic extracts from petrochemical effluents.Our results showed that the organic extract dep... 相似文献
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除草剂苯噻草胺污染对多食鞘氨醇杆菌(Sphingobacterium multivolum)抗氧化酶和ATP酶的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了暴露于苯噻草胺中的多食鞘氨醇杆菌Y1菌株中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(CAT)和ATP酶活性在短期内的变化.结果表明,苯噻草胺对细菌SOD活性诱导作用明显,尤其对处于对数生长期的细菌所产生的影响大于稳定生长期的细菌.苯噻草胺对CAT也有强烈的诱导作用,对处于不同生长阶段细菌的影响类似于对SOD的影响结果.苯噻草胺能激活ATP酶,但在细菌生长阶段影响较小.抗氧化酶和ATP酶相结合作为该类化合物对土壤污染胁迫的敏感生物指示物具有一定的可行性. 相似文献
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持久性、迁移性、毒性或高持久和高迁移性化学品(PMT/vPvM)在全球地表水、地下水和饮用水水体已被广泛检出,是未来可能显著影响人类健康和环境的一类重要新兴污染物.按照欧盟提议的鉴别标准,现有化学品中的PMT/vPvM数以千计,涉及用途广泛,包括三聚氰胺等数10种较高产量的工业化学品.PMT/vPvM可通过农田径流、工业废水和生活污水排入环境,污水处理厂目前被认为是其主要排放途径.因难以被现行常规水处理技术有效去除,PMT/vPvM可长期存在于城镇人居环境水循环系统中,危及居民饮用水及生态系统安全.欧盟已率先开始将PMT/vPvM专门纳入现行化学品风险管理体系中的优先范畴.目前,环境中仍有众多潜在PMT/vPvM,其监测方法亟待进一步完善,物质鉴定、类别范围及清单建立均尚需时日;PMT/vPvM在全球各地区的环境分布和暴露研究十分有限,其潜在、长期的生态毒性和人体健康危害效应研究较为匮乏.与此同时,替代品或替代技术以及污水处理、污染场地修复等环境工程治理技术的研究和开发,都将成为未来PMT/vPvM风险科学研究与管理决策的迫切需求. 相似文献
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Ma Xiaoyan Gao Naiyun Chen Beibei Li Qingsong Zhang Qiaoli Gu Guofen 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2007,1(3):286-291
Two sample preparation methods were introduced and compared in this paper to establish a simple, quick and exact analysis
of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol. LC-18 column was employed in solid phase extraction (SPE), 1.0 mL of hexane was adopted
in liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), and the extracts were analyzed by gas chromatograph mass spectrum (GCMS) in selected ion
mode. Mean recoveries of SPE were low for 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GSM) with values below 50%. For LLE, the
recoveries were satisfyingly above 50% for 2-MIB and 80% for GSM. Detection limits of the LLE method were as low as 1.0 ng/L
for GSM and 5.0 ng/L for 2-MIB. A year-long investigation on odor chemicals of drinking water in Shanghai demonstrated that
in the summer, there was a serious odor problem induced by a high concentration of 2-MIB. The highest concentration of 152.82
ng/L appeared in July in raw water, while GSM flocculation was minimal with concentrations below odor threshold. 相似文献
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珠江口区域海上溢漏污染物动态预测系统的开发与应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了对《珠江口区域溢油应急计划》提供决策支持,在国内外最新研究成果基础上,针对珠江口海域的环境特点研究开发了先进实用的“珠江口区域海上溢漏污染动态预测系统”,综合有三维潮流模型、三维溢油与化学品漂移扩散模型、溢油风化模型、应急反应模型、以及电子海图、地理信息系统(GIS)、数据库等关键技术,能够快速准确地预测并可视化显示不同种类的溢漏油品、化学品在水面及水体中的漂移扩散范同和性质变化过程,还可以同时显示环境敏感区和应急人员设备分布等相关信息。经实际溢油案例应用表明,系统的预测结果与现场实际情况相符。此系统的成功开发应用将有效地提高对船舶污染事故的应急指挥效率。 相似文献
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MEDV描述子预测取代芳烃类化合物的藻毒性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以分子电性距离矢量(MEDV)描述子有效表征43个取代芳烃类化合物的分子结构,应用基于预测变量的选择与模型化(VMSP)方法,建立化合物的封闭体系绿藻(Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata)毒性(48 h EC50)与其分子结构之间的定量相关(QSTR)模型. 应用多元线性回归方法建立的QSTR模型具有较高的相关系数(r0.891 1)及LOO(Leave-One-Out)检验相关系数(q0.810 2),表明该模型具有良好的估计能力与稳定性. 应用28个化合物的训练集样本构建QSTR模型预测外部检验集,结果表明,训练集模型也具有良好的预测能力. 相似文献