湿式旋流脱硫除尘一体化装置在燃煤锅炉烟气净化上的应用

某中药厂4 t/h燃煤锅炉烟气采用湿式旋流脱硫除尘一体化装置取得了良好的效果,经实际运行测定除尘率达95%,脱硫率达77%,排出的烟气均能达到排放标准.该净化装置具有旋风水膜除尘器和湿式旋流板洗涤器的双重功能,通过介绍该一体化装置的机理、设计参数和技术经济分析,为燃煤锅炉烟气的脱硫除尘提供参考.     

新型滤槽除尘器配套脱硫工艺试验研究

采用半干法脱硫系统与新型滤槽除尘器相结合，可有效提高系统的脱硫、除尘效率。研究了影响该技术脱硫效率的主要因素。该技术集脱硫、除尘于一体，工艺简单，运行成本较低，尤其适用于燃煤含硫量≤1．2％的锅炉烟气的脱硫。     

小型锅炉烟气喷雾分离法脱硫的试验研究

以4t燃煤锅炉为对象，重点研究了喷雾分离法脱硫技术的工艺流程和主要设备，并给出了相应的试验结果。结果表明以清水为吸收剂，液气比≤0．1L／m^3，脱硫效率达到了60％—70％。本装置具有工艺简单、占地省、投资少、运行费用低的优点，特别适合用于中小型锅炉的改造。     

锅炉烟气联合脱硫脱氮技术

硫氧化物和氮氧化物是燃煤锅炉排放的主要污染物，传统分步脱硫脱氮设备昂贵且效率不高，而联合脱硫脱氮技术具有很大的优越性，如可以减小系统的复杂性、具有更好的运行性能、较低的成本及较小的占地面积，因此实现在一个系统内同时脱硫脱氮的工艺成为国内外烟气净化技术的研究重点。对近年来国内外各种联合脱硫脱氮技术的脱除原理、研究现状、应用情况和主要优缺点进行了论述，并对各工艺的经济技术指标给予了多方面的比较。通过对两类烟气联合脱硫脱氮技术(炉内联合脱除和烟气中联合脱除)的分析、综合和比较，找出了我国今后脱硫脱氮技术的研究重点，从而为脱硫脱氮技术的进一步开发和改进提供参考。     

半干半湿法烟气脱硫装置中喷雾增湿技术的研究

脱硫塔内喷雾增湿技术是影响燃煤锅炉半干半湿法烟气脱硫效果的一个重要环节。分析了供水量和压力的变化关系 ,通过对脱硫装置喷雾增湿技术的优化 ,实现对增湿系统高压水的压强的精确调节 ,控制脱硫塔内雾滴的颗粒直径在 80 μm左右 ,从而达到理想的增湿效果     

碱性皂化废水和锅炉烟道气的联合处理在环境工程中的应用

工艺中将碱性皂化废水经预处理后用泵输入锅炉湿式除尘系统进行燃煤烟气脱硫除尘，流出废水经处理后循环回用。该治理工艺采用以废治废，综合利用的方法治理皂化废水和锅炉烟气，既消除了污染又充分利用了碱性废水和锅炉烟道气作为有用的资源，取得了较好的环境效益和经济效益。     

燃煤锅炉烟气NOx污染等离子体治理技术

燃煤锅炉烟气NOx污染治理技术种类较多。本文综合评述了各种烟气NOx污染等离子体治理技术，重点介绍了电晕放电脱除烟气中NOx的最新研究成果。对燃煤锅炉烟气NOx污染治理技术的研究和开发具有实用价值。     

燃煤锅炉烟气除尘系统改造

烷基苯厂锅炉烟气除尘系统改造选用文丘里麻石水膜除尘器,除尘脱硫废水与碱性冲渣水中和、过滤后再循环泵提升至冲渣系统,实现燃煤锅炉除尘脱硫废水循环利用。改造后的除尘系统运行情况良好,锅炉的烟尘排放浓度及烟气黑度均达到了国家现行三类区排放标准,二氧化硫排放浓度低于国家允许排放标准。     

中小型燃煤炉烟气脱硫方法

对中小型燃煤炉烟气脱硫方法作了介绍,提出了对湿式除尘器(文丘里除尘器,旋风除尘洗涤塔,冲击式除尘脱硫塔等)的改造方法,以提高其烟气除尘脱硫效率。同时,介绍了干湿两级除尘脱硫系统和利用脱硫碱液及脱硫废水的烟气脱硫技术。     

锅炉烟气联合脱硫脱氮技术

硫氧化物和氮氧化物是燃煤锅炉排放的主要污染物 ,传统分步脱硫脱氮设备昂贵且效率不高 ,而联合脱硫脱氮技术具有很大的优越性 ,如可以减小系统的复杂性、具有更好的运行性能、较低的成本及较小的占地面积 ,因此实现在一个系统内同时脱硫脱氮的工艺成为国内外烟气净化技术的研究重点。对近年来国内外各种联合脱硫脱氮技术的脱除原理、研究现状、应用情况和主要优缺点进行了论述 ,并对各工艺的经济技术指标给予了多方面的比较。通过对两类烟气联合脱硫脱氮技术 (炉内联合脱除和烟气中联合脱除 )的分析、综合和比较 ,找出了我国今后脱硫脱氮技术的研究重点 ,从而为脱硫脱氮技术的进一步开发和改进提供参考     

燃煤工业锅炉排放二氧化硫对大气的污染及工业固硫型煤的应用

本文论述了我国燃煤工业锅炉排放ＳＯ２对大气污染的状况及发展趋势,以及应用工业固硫型煤控制燃煤工业锅炉对大气的污染。燃煤工业锅炉燃烧工业固硫型煤时,可明显地降低ＳＯ２和烟尘的排放量,并节约煤炭。在当前及今后相当长的时期内,推广和发展工业固硫型煤,是防治燃煤工业锅炉大气ＳＯ２污染的一条投资少、见效快、简便易行的实用措施,其经济效益及环境效益相当可观。     

Flue gas desulfurization: the state of the art

Coal-fired electricity-generating plants may use SO2 scrubbers to meet the requirements of Phase II of the Acid Rain SO2 Reduction Program. Additionally, the use of scrubbers can result in reduction of Hg and other emissions from combustion sources. It is timely, therefore, to examine the current status of SO2 scrubbing technologies. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the state of the art in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technologies for coal-fired boilers. Data on worldwide FGD applications reveal that wet FGD technologies, and specifically wet limestone FGD, have been predominantly selected over other FGD technologies. However, lime spray drying (LSD) is being used at the majority of the plants employing dry FGD technologies. Additional review of the U.S. FGD technology applications that began operation in 1991 through 1995 reveals that FGD processes of choice recently in the United States have been wet limestone FGD, magnesium-enhanced lime (MEL), and LSD. Further, of the wet limestone processes, limestone forced oxidation (LSFO) has been used most often in recent applications. The SO2 removal performance of scrubbers has been reviewed. Data reflect that most wet limestone and LSD installations appear to be capable of approximately 90% SO2 removal. Advanced, state-of-the-art wet scrubbers can provide SO2 removal in excess of 95%. Costs associated with state-of-the-art applications of LSFO, MEL, and LSD technologies have been analyzed with appropriate cost models. Analyses indicate that the capital cost of an LSD system is lower than those of same capacity LSFO and MEL systems, reflective of the relatively less complex hardware used in LSD. Analyses also reflect that, based on total annualized cost and SO2 removal requirements: (1) plants up to approximately 250 MWe in size and firing low- to medium-sulfur coals (i.e., coals with a sulfur content of 2% or lower) may use LSD; and (2) plants larger than 250 MWe and firing medium- to high-sulfur coals (i.e., coals with a sulfur content of 2% or higher) may use either LSFO or MEL.     

Estimating Costs of Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems for Utility Boilers

In September 1973, PEDCo-Environmental Specialists was awarded a study by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency to evaluate the cost of controlling sulfur dioxide and particulate emissions from selected utility boilers. Since that time, PEDCo has conducted additional studies for the U. S. EPA, state and local control agencies, and private industry on the costs of control technology and the reliability of sulfur dioxide control systems. Current work includes determining the feasibility and environmental impact of converting selected utility boilers to coal-firing to conserve the nation’s gas and oil supplies. This paper presents an overview of the status and costs of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems, and the factors relating to the variability in costs. It is based in part upon work performed in developing detailed FGD cost estimating manuals for EPA.     

Flue Gas Desulfurization: The State of the Art

ABSTRACT

Coal-fired electricity-generating plants may use SO₂ scrubbers to meet the requirements of Phase II of the Acid Rain SO₂ Reduction Program. Additionally, the use of scrubbers can result in reduction of Hg and other emissions from combustion sources. It is timely, therefore, to examine the current status of SO₂ scrubbing technologies. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the state of the art in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technologies for coal-fired boilers.

Data on worldwide FGD applications reveal that wet FGD technologies, and specifically wet limestone FGD, have been predominantly selected over other FGD technologies. However, lime spray drying (LSD) is being used at the majority of the plants employing dry FGD technologies. Additional review of the U.S. FGD technology applications that began operation in 1991 through 1995 reveals that FGD processes of choice recently in the United States have been wet limestone FGD, magnesium-enhanced lime (MEL), and LSD. Further, of the wet limestone processes, limestone forced oxidation (LSFO) has been used most often in recent applications.

The SO₂ removal performance of scrubbers has been reviewed. Data reflect that most wet limestone and LSD installations appear to be capable of ~90% SO₂ removal. Advanced, state-of-the-art wet scrubbers can provide SO₂ removal in excess of 95%.

Costs associated with state-of-the-art applications of LSFO, MEL, and LSD technologies have been analyzed with appropriate cost models. Analyses indicate that the capital cost of an LSD system is lower than those of same capacity LSFO and MEL systems, reflective of the relatively less complex hardware used in LSD. Analyses also reflect that, based on total annualized cost and SO₂ removal requirements: (1) plants up to ~250 MW_e in size and firing low- to medium-sulfur coals (i.e., coals with a sulfur content of 2% or lower) may use LSD; and (2) plants larger than 250 MW_e and firing medium- to high-sulfur coals (i.e., coals with a sulfur content of 2% or higher) may use either LSFO or MEL.     

中国电力工业烟气脱硫的现状及发展趋势

研究我国电力工业燃煤发电厂烟气脱硫的现状及其发展趋势 ,包括我国电力工业大气SO2 污染状况 ,烟气脱硫现状 ,烟气脱硫综合经济技术评价 ,烟气脱硫技术的选择和烟气脱硫的发展趋势。研究与开发有针对性和较强应用前景的烟气脱硫技术 ,发展具有独立自主知识产权的烟气脱硫技术 ,是我国电力工业烟气脱硫技术及设备国产化的必经之路     

旋流塔板叶片仰角对湿钙法烟气脱硫过程的影响

实验研究了旋流塔板叶片仰角对钙基湿法烟气脱硫工艺的影响。结果表明 ,一般情况下 ,叶片仰角增大 ,脱硫率有所下降 ,塔的运行稳定性有所下降 ,结垢有所增加。因此 ,在将麻石水膜除尘器改造成旋流板塔脱硫除尘系统的过程中 ,增大叶片仰角的同时一定要考虑脱硫率的下降问题。     

中小型燃用烟煤层燃炉NOx排放特征分析

以86台中小型燃烟煤层燃炉（≤65 MW）的燃料特性分析数据和NOx排放实测数据为基础,通过统计分析方法,研究了锅炉出力、过量空气系数、燃煤挥发分、燃煤氮含量对NOx排放浓度的影响,分析了我国中小型燃烟煤层燃炉NOx的排放与管理控制现状。结果表明,中小型燃用烟煤层燃炉NOx平均排放浓度为324.6 mg/m^3;锅炉出力对NOx排放浓度不具有显著影响;燃煤挥发分增高,NOx排放浓度降低;过量空气系数和燃煤氮含量增大,NOx排放浓度增高;并建议在国家层面上尽快制订燃煤锅炉NOx排放标准限值。     

循环流化床锅炉燃烧城市生活垃圾的研究进展

城市生活垃圾(MSW)产量的与日俱增及环保要求的不断提高,使循环流化床(CFB)燃烧技术逐渐在MSW的回收和利用方面扮演越来越重要的角色.简要分析了国内外采用分类回收及综合利用、卫生填埋、堆肥和一般焚烧方法处理MSW的不足之处以及采用CFB燃烧技术的优越性,重点介绍了国内外采用CFB燃烧装置焚烧MSW的研究和应用现状,指出了目前存在的问题及努力的方向.采用CFB燃烧装置焚烧MSW关于SO2、NOx、CO排放的实验研究和运行结果令人满意,但对HCl、二恶英及重金属排放还需要进一步研究.试验及实际运行结果都表明,采用CFB燃烧装置对MSW进行焚烧处理是切实可行的,它将是未来解决MSW问题的重要手段.     

脱硫石膏粒径分布与脱水性能实验研究

脱硫石膏粒径分布是影响脱硫石膏浆液脱水性能的重要因素之一,以干法、湿法筛分和研磨破碎获得不同粒径分布的脱硫石膏,在相同的过滤条件下,对不同粒径分布脱硫石膏浆液脱水性能进行了研究,实验结果表明,当脱硫石膏粒径d50大于50μm且（d90-d10）小于100μm,真空过滤最大真空度不低于0．098MPa,过滤时间不少于2．5min,滤饼厚度不超过20mm时,石膏滤饼含水率可以降低到12％以下（最低可达10％）;d50在17μm为脱硫石膏在相同的过滤条件下能够实现真空脱水干燥的转折点;d50和（d90-d10）共同影响石膏脱水性能,d50小于20μm时,仅表现为d50的影响。     

小型燃油锅炉NO_x的排放特征与管理控制

以68台燃油锅炉(≤10.5 MW)NO_x排放实测数据为基础,通过统计分析方法,研究了NO_x的排放特征;通过对比分析,探讨了我国燃油锅炉NO_x排放控制与管理现状,讨论了进一步加强我国燃油锅炉NO_x排放管理控制的可能性与可行性,并提出了相应的管理控制建议。结果表明,NO_x平均排放浓度为318.2 mg/m~3,基于燃料消耗量的平均排放因子为4.4 kg/t,基于燃料发热量的平均排放因子为102.8 ng/J,基于燃料氮含量的平均排放因子为2.1 mg/mg;建议采取分阶段控制的方式,逐步提高NO_x排放限制,从而实现控源减排目标。