ASM模型中四个基质组分测定研究

随着ASM系列数学模型的发展，废水特性的鉴定成为一个重要的研究课题。与传统的废水特性鉴定不同，按照ASM模型要求，传统的COD被划分为四个部分。在对广州市污水和污泥特性的研究中，针对这四个部分，结合物理方法和生物方法。采用了一种简单与便于实施的测定方法。     

活性污泥法数学模型的发展与展望

活性污泥法数学模型在污水处理厂的设计、运行控制和工艺优化等方面发挥着日益重要的作用,目前已成为了污水处理领域的研究热点。本文综述了活性污泥法数学模型的研究和发展过程,重点介绍了IWA模型的特点及其在国内外的研究现状。最后对模型的研究和应用进行了展望,认为今后可以在完善机理,模块化模型,混合模型等方面作进一步的研究。     

南京某医院污水处理工艺选择初探

随着医疗机构的飞速发展,医院的污水排放量也逐年增加,排放标准也愈加严格。部分医疗机构配套建设的污水处理站存在着污水工艺设计不合理等问题,使得现有的医院污水处理站不能满足污水量增加或稳定达标排放的要求。生物接触氧化法是处理医院污水极为有效的一种方法。南京某综合性医院新建污水处理站设计规模1 200m3/d,详细论述了该医院污水处理设计中各污水池功能及设计参数,并从污水水质、废气、污泥和噪音方面分别给出了优化措施。根据建设完成后的检测数据:化学需氧量(COD) 42. 94mg/L,余氯6. 29mg/L,p H 7. 2,悬浮物15mg/L,粪大肠菌群数20MPN/L,沙门氏菌未检出。检测结果显示水质良好,生物接触氧化法工艺设计处理污水效果极为有效。     

污水处理行业温室气体核算模型开发及减排潜力分析

城镇污水处理行业是我国现代化进程中不可或缺的一部分,它承担着城镇污水处理和减排的重要作用,在运行过程中不可避免会产生大量的温室气体。本研究基于污水处理过程中的温室气体排放机理及排放因子法,构建了污水处理温室气体核算模型,并应用于国内典型的某厌氧—缺氧—好氧工艺的污水处理厂。研究结果表明,开发的模型能够有效识别出厌氧—缺氧—好氧工艺温室气体排放占比较高的环节,该环节为污水处理过程中电耗和污水处理过程中的甲烷排放,其在整个温室气体排放系统内占比高达93.09%。污水处理厂可以采取减小曝气量的措施使溶解氧达到2 ～ 3 mg/L,从而降低污水处理系统曝气电耗;另外,优化泵及鼓风机的运行,选用变频调速水泵等措施,可以降低污水提升环节能耗,达到温室气体间接减排的目的。污水处理厂还可以采取甲烷产能回收利用措施,将CH₄燃烧产生的能量作为污水处理系统内的能源供应,这样不仅可以有效减少污水处理厂的能耗,而且可以实现污水处理过程中温室气体排放减量化。     

分散型生活污水水质研究

分散型生活污水水质是制定分散型污水处理装置设计规范、产品标准的基础.本文研究了分散型生活污水的水质特征、季节变化特性、与生活方式之间的关系等.在分散型污水处理装置的设计中应根据不同分散型污染源的水质特征选取设计参数,不应简单套用点源生活污水的水质指标.     

人工湿地污水处理系统特点及其机理

人工湿地系统具有高效、节能、基建和运行费用低、操作与维护简单等优点,是一种高效的污水生态处理技术,其去除机理错综复杂。本文综述了人工湿地的系统构造、分类和净化机理,并通过其影响因素的分析,提出了人工湿地污水处理系统在设计、建设和运行管理中应注意的问题。     

青藏铁路中小站区生活污水处理实验研究

本文结合青藏铁路中小站区生活污水的特点,提出在自然条件恶劣的青藏高原采用生态大棚污水处理系统,利用青藏高原丰富的太阳辐射热作为热源,建立适宜于常规污水生物处理的半封闭人工小环境,为生活污水的处理提供必须的动态热平衡和O2-CO2平衡。通过前期实验室对2种生物处理工艺进行必选,确定采用4级生物转盘-土地处理相结合的工艺进行青藏铁路中小站区生活污水处理的现场实验。现场实验表明,污水经过该系统处理后,水质达到国家一级排放标准。该系统解决了高原污水处理和蔬菜种植两大难题。     

提高曝气池污水处理能力的可行性实践

炼化企业污水场控制污泥膨胀,可以在一定限度内有效提高装置的污水处理能力。通过对大连石化公司污水场进行生产分析,在保持有机负荷F/M相对稳定的条件下,好氧生化单元的污泥浓度由设计值2000～2500mg/L,提高至3500～4000mg/L之间,进水COD去除量由设计值8880kg/d,提高到16000kg/d,使装置的处理能力提高了1.8倍。     

浅谈污水处理过程中曝气对大气环境的影响

在强化污水治理力度、大力建设污水处理厂的同时,污水处理过程中产生的废气对大气环境的污染应受到关注;作者分析了污水处理曝气过程产生的废气和排放量,以及废气含有的污染物对大气环境的影响;提出了应对污水处理废气进行研究及治理的新论点。     

人工湿地处理污水的机理与其应用前景

人工湿地法处理废水的技术是目前国际污水处理研究领域的热点,该方法利用生态系统中物质循环的原理,使用生物方法去除污染物质.本文对人工湿地处理污水的机理研究现状进行了总结,并讨论了人工湿地处理污水应用的适应性.     

活性污泥1#数学模型(ASM1)中的组分

活性污泥l#数学模型(AMl)常常用于预测污水处理厂中的生物过程。活性污泥数学模型组分的鉴定对活性污泥l#数学模型的应用具有重要的意义。本文描述了在活性污泥l#模型(ASMl)中污水组分的概念,以及组分鉴定的研究现状。     

活性污泥法处理含砷废水初探

文章概述了含砷废水的产生及其处理方法，重点介绍了国内外研究报道较少的活性污泥法，以引起人们对这一有效除砷方法的重视。通过总结活性污泥法除砷的研究进展，探讨了活性污泥除砷的机理和影响因素，并提出今后要从活性污泥法除砷的机理、除砷工艺、及含砷废渣处理三方面开展研究，以促进该方法的应用。     

采油废水COD_(cr)处理设计和实验研究

针对某油田采油污水处理工艺不能有效去除ＣＯＤ_(ｃｒ),致使处理后水中的ＣＯＤ_(ｃｒ)不能满足ＧＢ８９７８－１９９６《污水综合排放标准》要求的情况,进行了采油废水ＣＯＤ_(ｃｒ)处理试验研究和工艺方案设计。通过小型动态试验研究,初步提出了经济上可行、技术上有效、流程较简单、运行安全可靠的废水治理方案,并确定了关键的技术参数。     

Modeling of the denitrification/anaerobic digestion process of salmon fishery wastewater in a biofilm tubular reactor

The literature has paid scarce attention to the modeling of the denitrification-anaerobic digestion process in packed bed biofilm tubular reactors used to treat wastewater. The present study obtained a steady-state model for industrial salmon fishery wastewater treatment in a biofilm tubular reactor, including pH as a variable and the effect of biomass on hydrolysis. The axial profile of the reactor components and process efficiency were predicted with deviations below 6%. The optimal operating zone for the process was found at hydraulic retention time (HRT)>1.5d and inlet protein concentration (S(prot,0))<3000 mgTOCL(-1). Based on our results, we concluded that the removal of organic matter and nitrogen compounds depended mainly on HRT. The effluent pH was mainly affected by the C/N ratio, where a decrease increases pH. Organic matter removal was related with the anaerobic digestion process, while denitrification influenced mostly nitrate and nitrite removal.     

A review on numerous modeling approaches for effective, economical and ecological treatment wetlands

Constructed wetlands (CWs) for wastewater treatment have evolved substantially over the last decades and have been recognized as an effective means of "green technology" for wastewater treatment. This paper reviews the numerous modeling approaches ranging from simple first-order models to more complex dynamic models of treatment behaviour in CWs. The main objective of the modeling work is to better understand the process in CWs and optimize design criteria. A brief study in this review discusses the efforts taken to describe the process-based model for the efficient removal of pollutants in CWs. Obtaining better insights is essential to understand the hydraulic and biochemical processes in CWs. Currently, employed modeling approaches can be seen in two categories, i.e. "black-box models" and "process-based models". It is evident that future development in wetland technology will depend on improved scientific knowledge of internal treatment mechanisms.     

ABR+活性污泥法在番茄废水中的应用

以奇台太极华力食品有限公司番茄废水处理工程实例为依据,介绍了采用ABR厌氧+完全混合活性污泥法工艺在处理番茄加工废水的设计、调试及运行情况。经过2年运行,其进水COD在700~1 500mg/L之间,最大处理水量达到4 000m3/d;出水COD在40~70mg/L之间,COD去除率达到97%。处理出水可以稳定达到污水综合排放二级标准。ABR+完全混合活性污泥法工艺具有启动快,调试时间短,工程造价低的优点,尤其适宜处理番茄等间歇时间长工作时间短的季节性生产污水。     

How you start matters: A comparison of Gold Fields' Tarkwa and Damang Mines and their divergent relationships with local small-scale miners in Ghana

This paper argues that actions of large-scale mining companies at the early stages of a mining project establish a legacy which sets the tone for that mine's long-term relationship with the local artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) stakeholders. This paper compares the experiences of Gold Fields' Tarkwa and Damang mines and the divergent histories of each of these mines' relationship with local small-scale mining stakeholders. Circumstances at Damang during the discovery and early development of the project drove a rift between the mine and the ASM community. As the mine developed, a chain of ASM engagement strategies were enacted in an attempted to repair the relationship but which has never able to regain sufficient trust between the mine and ASM stakeholders. At the nearby Tarkwa mine, ASM confrontations have been much easier to manage. Despite early disagreements at Tarkwa, a relationship characterized by greater trust between the mine and ASM communities was established early and therefore ASM engagement strategies have been simpler and more effective. This paper will conclude that establishing and maintaining a positive mine legacy as early as the exploration phase of a mining project is critical to maintaining a positive, trust-based relationship between LSM companies and their local ASM stakeholders over the life of a mine.     

How has a shortage of census and geological information impeded the regularization of artisanal and small‐scale mining?

There is growing consensus that a combination of laissez‐faire policies, ad hoc regulation and debilitating support services has perpetuated socio‐economic and environmental deterioration in the artisanal and small‐scale mining (ASM) industry. However, a lack of anthropological and geological information on ASM prevents many governments both from improving the policy environment of the industry, and from providing more robust extension services to its operators. This article aims to examine more precisely how a deficiency of baseline census and geological data has inhibited industry formalization and undermined many of the measures implemented to address pressing problems at ASM sites. Specifically, it is argued that insufficient knowledge of artisanal mining populations — including their demographic structure — and of areas suitable for ASM activities affects the ability of a government to regularize, as well as to improve, the organization of this largely informal sector of industry. Case studies of Ghana and Zimbabwe are used to illustrate how the undertaking of low‐budget projects in areas of geological prospecting and population analysis could improve the efficiency of ASM assistance.