The Tools of Environmental Litigation Support: How Environmental Litigation Support Teams Employ a Unique Set of Skills and Tools to Improve the Outcome and Reduce the Cost of Legal Disputes

While the primary goal of environmental investigations is to assess and clean up contaminated properties, significant efforts are also directed towards resolving various matters in legal dispute. Opposing parties often disagree about the cause and timing of contamination and the associated liability and costs for meeting regulatory site closure requirements. Environmental experts are often needed to help resolve such legal disputes with expertise in hydrogeology, toxicology, microbiology, chemistry, engineering, and process safety. These experts, or teams of experts, provide technical approaches to determine the liability and cost apportionment amongst the various potentially responsible parties. Fate and transport models, environmental forensics, and risk assessment help to answer the issues in dispute. Skillful communication of these technical findings is needed to present conclusions to audiences that do not necessarily have technical backgrounds.     

试论跨行政区水污染纠纷的处理

阐述了跨行政区水污染纠纷的特点，在处理中存在的问题，以及解决的基本途径。这是一项值得重视的司法和行政任务，如迅速、有效地处理好这类纠纷，一方面可以使受害人得到合理的赔偿，使之弥补损失或恢复身心健康；另一方面对加害人有震慑和教育作用，最终达到维护社会稳定、增进区域团结、保护环境、促进经济发展、实现可持续发展的根本目标。     

Factors driving collaboration in natural resource conflict management: Evidence from Romania

A critical challenge in natural resource management is to bring all stakeholders together to negotiate solutions to critical problems. However, various collaborative approaches to heading off conflicts and resolving natural resource management disputes have been used. What drives these efforts, however, still needs further research. Our study provides a systematic look at the drivers likely to initiate collaborative problem-solving efforts in four cases in Romania. We use Emerson’s et al. (2012) framework for collaborative governance and multi-value qualitative comparative analysis (mvQCA) to analyze cases involving endangered species, restrictions on forest harvest, conflicts associated with infrastructure development projects, and disputes over the management of environmentally sensitive areas. Our findings contribute to the already existing collaborative governance literature indicating which of the four factors: uncertainty, interdependence, consequential incentives, and leadership, in which combination, are necessary and sufficient to spur collaborative resource management efforts. Our results showed that in Romania the initiation of collaboration is best explained by positive consequential incentives (i.e., financial opportunities) which has determined leaders to take initiative. This study provides additional information for the complicated process of natural resource management which is often overriding collaboration by investigating what enables and constrains collaborative efforts in a country where natural resources were managed and used according to the principles of central planning.     

How Perceived Exposure to Environmental Harm Influences Environmental Behavior in Urban China

Rapid environmental degradation in China makes understanding how perceived exposure to environmental harm influences environmental attitudes and participation in pro-environmental behaviors among the Chinese people crucial. We used a nation-wide survey dataset in urban China to test two hypotheses: experiencing environmental harm directly affects environmental behavior; environmental attitudes mediate the relationship between experiencing environmental harm and environmental behavior. We found respondents who experienced environmental harm had more pro-environmental attitudes. Experiencing environmental harm positively influenced pro-environmental behavior both directly and indirectly through the mediation of pro-environmental attitudes. Among the pro-environmental behaviors, environmental litigation was most strongly related with exposure to environmental harm. Our results suggest that more participation in pro-environmental behaviors may be expected as rapid economic development increases public exposure to environmental harm in urban China.     

Survey and evaluation on residents' environmental awareness in Jiangsu Province of China

A survey was designed to evaluate the present status of residents' environmental awareness in Nanjing and Yangzhong in China. First, it set up an index model to evaluate the level of residents' environmental awareness from three aspects: environmental attitudes, environmental behaviour and environmental knowledge. Then, the influence of individual factors on environmental awareness was analysed. The questionnaire shows that people have certain knowledge about the subject, common feelings about the severity of environmental pollution, anxiety about the effects of environmental pollution on personal health, and objection to developing the economy at the cost of environmental destruction. Most of the residents investigated showed a willingness to do voluntary work for environmental improvement. When asked for individual donations, however, some of them showed some reluctance. Some people lacked the initiative to acquire environmental protection knowledge and increase their environmental awareness.     

Can corporate environmental responsibility improve environmental performance? An inter-temporal analysis of Chinese chemical companies

The empirical research on the relationship between corporate environmental responsibility and environmental performance remains in the one-way positive impact and lacks the research on nonlinear relationship between them. Based on the stakeholder theory, this paper selects A-share chemical–listed companies in China from 2006 to 2017 as the research samples and uses generalized method of moments (GMM) model to investigate the impact mechanism between corporate environmental responsibility and environmental performance. The results showed that corporate environmental responsibility positively impacted on environmental performance; however, the impact was not significant. The corporate environmental performance positively and significantly impacted on environmental responsibility. Moreover, results reported that industry competition played a positive regulatory role in corporate environmental responsibility affecting environmental performance and has played a positive role in corporate environmental impact on environmental responsibility. A nonlinear relationship (inverted “U” shape) between environmental responsibility and environmental performance was found. The study results stress to establish a fair and perfect market competition mechanism to improve the environmental performance of chemical industries in China.

     

Foreign direct investment,environmental regulation,and environmental pollution: an empirical study based on threshold effects for different Chinese regions

On the basis of previous studies on the relations among foreign direct investment (FDI), environmental regulation, and environmental pollution, this work uses provincial panel data from 2000 to 2014 to study the effects of FDI and environmental regulation on environmental pollution by applying the panel-corrected standard error (PCSE) method. This paper then utilizes environmental regulation as the threshold variable to estimate the threshold effects of environmental regulation on FDI’s influence on environmental pollution in a threshold regression model for the eastern, central, and western regions of China. The results show that stricter environmental regulation can substantially reduce the pollution in each region. FDI can decrease environmental pollution in the eastern and central regions, but it can increase pollution in the western region. There are double-threshold effects of environmental regulation on the effects of FDI on environmental pollution in each region. When the environmental regulation level is between the first threshold and the second threshold, FDI can decrease environmental pollution much more in the eastern and central regions and increase environmental pollution much less in the western region.

     

舟山港水域环境保护管理体制和运行机制探讨

论述了舟山港水域的环境现状、存在的主要环境问题,以及环境保护工作的重要性,提出了舟山港水域环境保护的主要目标,并结合其自然特点,探讨了舟山港水域环境保护管理对策。     

农药优先监测品种的筛选研究

本文对我国目前正在广泛使用的几百个农药品种,从其产量,田间的施用量以及环境毒理学,环境化学,环境生物学的角度进行了系统的研究。在对各种农药进行环境风险性评价的基础上,筛选出目前在我国使用量大,毒性高,环境危害严重的10个农药品种,作为我国近期内应执行的环境优先监测品种。可以认为,若能控制了这些优先监测农药的环境污染,那么,也就在总体上控制了农药的污染问题。     

基层环境监测站环境质量综合分析中存在的问题及对策

从环境监测为环境管理服务的职能入手,系统分析了基层环境监测站的环境质量综合分析工作现状,针对实际工作中存在的问题,提出了提高环境质量综合分析水平的对策建议。     

浙江省地方环境标准制定思考

地方环境标准是对国家环境标准的补充和完善。为加大污染控制力度,适应新形势下环境管理和执法要求,有效改善和保护环境质量,针对浙江省主要环境问题和现行国家环境标准的不足,结合产业发展方向和环境保护目标,制定浙江省地方环境标准十分必要。主要从浓度控制与排放总量控制相结合、敏感或特殊有毒有害污染物控制、行业污染控制和相关环境质量等方面提出了地方环境标准的制定思路。     

推行环境标志 促进环境保护和经济发展

环境标志是一种体现环境保护要求的证明性商标，它向公众表示该产品在生产、流通、使用以及处理处置过程中对环境无害或危害极小。本文论述了环境标志的意义和作用，简要介绍了国外环境标志的发展动态，探讨了中国环境标志的建立和发展，评述了中国环境标志制度的特色和中国首批标志产品。     

基层环境执法存在的问题及对策浅析

阐述了环境执法中存在的问题，指出了真正造就一支“来之能战，战之能胜”的高效、廉洁、文明的环境执法队伍，必须加快立法步伐，加大环境法制宣传教育力度，提高环境法制意识，进行行政管理体制创新，改革机构，打破地方政府“供养制”，加强环保执法队伍的建设。     

环保催化剂在环境保护中的应用研究进展

环境问题是人类不能回避的现实问题 ,以环境保护为目的的催化化学在解决环境保护问题中起着核心作用。本文从狭义上综述了除去SO2 、NOX、CO2 及N2 O等污染物质用的环保催化剂的种类和应用研究进展以及未来环保催化剂的研究发展方向。重点介绍了环保催化剂在脱硫、脱氮及净化汽车尾气方面的应用情况     

环境监测在环境影响评价中的作用分析

在新时期,环境保护工作的发展面临着新的机遇和挑战。环境监测贯穿于整个环境影响评价体系之中,即环境影响评价中的评价初期、建设期、运行期以及后评价期,均需环境监测数据来支撑,因此,环境监测是环境影响评价的技术基础,同时还具有较强的监督功能。     

论基于EGIS平台的放射源管理系统的开发

放射源管理系统是一种基于环境地理信息系统平台的资源管理系统,是GIS技术与环境监测技术、环境管理技术、数据库技术等各种环境信息分析和处理技术的集成。系统为环保部门提供了一个功能强大的空间信息服务和管理工具,可以直观、方便地获取放射源的监控、管理等数据信息,为环境管理部门的决策提供依据。     

我国环境技术产业化的现状与发展对策

本文通过对环境技术产业化特点的分析,结合当前我国环境技术产业化的现状指出了目前我国环境技术产业化过程中存在的主要问题及原因,并针对这些问题探讨了相应的发展对策。     

我国环境技术创新的影响因素与应对策略

本文分析了环境技术概念的演化和环境技术创新的含义.首次对我国环境技术创新的主要影响因素进行了大规模的社会调查,在对社会调查结果统计分析的基础上,根据国外环境技术创新的政策设计与实施经验,提出了促进我国环境技术创新的政策建议.     

环境美学研究

本文论述了环境美学原理的基本原则和主要形式,环境绿化美化,环境美学与植物生态学的关系,以及环境的美学功能。环境美学的基本原则是多样统一、调和对比、对称均衡和韵律节奏。环境美学的主要形式是表现环境外观特征的色彩、线条和形体。环境绿化美化艺术,绿化是基础,美化是主题。环境美学与植物生态学,说明环境与大自然的协调发展,人与自然的和谐统一。环境的美学功能是陶冶人的情操,提高人的思想境界,增进身心健康     

提升“小康社会”环境质量综合指数的对策措施

环境质量综合指数是南京市建设“小康社会”的难点、核心指标,通过分析环境质量状况和环境保护工作的现状,提出了创建期间有关环保工作的机制、管理的重点和工程措施等对策与措施.