Atmospheric pollution in Beijing, China, as recorded in sediments of the Kunming Lake

The fluxes of heavy metals and magnetite, a fly-ash component, from coal burning, to sediments of the Kunming Lake in Beijing have increased measurably over the last fifty years. Ages were introduced to the sediment strata through Pb-210 geochronologies. Even with a doubling of coal usage by the year 2000, the anthropogenic metal fluxes will still be less than those recorded in metropolitan Tokyo and U.S. lakes.     

Organic contamination in the Great Wall bay,Antarctica in austral summer

ＯｒｇａｎｉｃｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＧｒｅａｔＷａｌｌｂａｙ，Ａｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａｉｎａｕｓｔｒａｌｓｕｍｍｅｒ￥ＰｕＪｉａｂｉｎ，ＬｉＺｏｎｇｐｉｎｇ，ＳｈａｎｇＬｏｎｇｓｈｅｎ，ＬｉＨｏｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭａｒｉｎｅＥｎｖ...     

Eco-environmental susceptibility in Shangyi County,Northern Hebei Province,China

In this paper,the eco-environmental susceptibility of Shangyi County,Northern Hebei Province of China has been calculated by using the weighted-addition method based on expert's giving a mark to each influencing factor according to their knowledge on the influence of all the factors on eco-environmental susceptibility.The eco-environmental classification and distribution map were reached based on the above results,its difference is mainly result from the physical conditions and human activity,however the value of eco-environmental susceptibility is only a relative index which can not completely reflect the quality of eco-environment.This work provided a basis for controlling the further development of desertification.     

Rotavirus Surveillance in Tap Water,Recycled Water,and Sewage Sludge in Thailand: A Longitudinal Study, 2007–2018

The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological and molecular surveillance of rotaviruses in tap water, recycled water, and sewage sludge in Thailand from 2007 to 2018. Three hundred and seventy tap water, 202 recycled water, and 72 sewage sludge samples were collected and processed to detect the rotavirus VP7 gene using RT-nested PCR. Rotavirus G genotypes were identified by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The frequency of rotavirus detection was 0.54% of the tap water samples, 30.2% of the recycled water samples, and 50.0% of the sewage sludge samples. During the 12-year surveillance, G1 was prevalent most years and constantly predominant in recycled water and sewage sludge. G2 was identified in a tap water sample and in recycled water samples. G3 and G9 were observed in both recycled water and sewage sludge samples. The uncommon G6 rotavirus strain was identified in one recycled water sample. The rotavirus VP4 gene was detected in rotavirus strains with an identified G genotype using RT-multiplex nested PCR. The unusual P[6] genotype was the most frequently detected, followed by mixed P[6]/[4] and P[4] genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis of both G and P genotypes showed a close genetic relationship with sequences of human rotavirus strains. The high nucleotide identity of the rotavirus strains found in this study to human rotavirus strains suggests that the rotaviruses are derived from human source. These results represent useful epidemiological and molecular information for evaluating rotavirus distribution in water for consumption and irrigation, and in biosolids for agricultural application.

     

Application of landscape connectivity in habitat suitability evaluation case study in Wolong Nature Reserve,Sichuan, China

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＬａｎｄｓｃａｐｅｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ，ａｓｏｎｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｔｏｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｔｈｅｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｅｓａｎｄｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｌａｎｄｓｃａｐｅｅｃｏ...     

Changes in hair arsenic concentration in a population exposed to heavy pollution： Follow-up investigation in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, Southern China

Follow-up investigation on hair arsenic concentration was conducted in an arsenic heavily polluted area of southern China in 2002 and 2006.The results showed that the geometric mean of hair arsenic concentration decreased from 2.95 mg/kg in 2002 to 1.78 mg/kg in 2006,when the percentage of the population with levels over 1 mg/kg only decreased from 93.4% in 2002 to 80.5% in 2006.Over this four-year period,the population with high arsenic concentrations decreased significantly while there was no obvious chan...     

Biostability in distribution systems in one city in southern China：Characteristics, modeling and control strategy

This study investigated the bacterial regrowth in drinking water distribution systems receiving finished water from an advanced drinking water treatment plant in one city in southem China. Thirteen nodes in two water supply zones with different aged pipelines were selected to monitor water temperature, dissolved oxygen （DO）, chloramine residual, assimilable organic carbon （AOC）, and heterotrophic plate counts （HPC）. Regression and principal component analyses indicated that HPC had a strong correlation with chloramine residual. Based on Chick-Watson＇s Law and the Monod equation, biostability curves under different conditions were developed to achieve the goal of HPC 100 CFU/mL. The biostability curves could interpret the scenario under various AOC concentrations and predict the required chloramine residual concentration under the condition of high AOC level. The simulation was also carded out to predict the scenario with a stricter HPC goal （≤50 CFU/mL） and determine the required chloramine residual. The biological regrowth control strategy was assessed using biostability curve analysis. The results indicated that maintaining high chloramine residual concentration was the most practical way to achieve the goal of HPC ≤ 100 CFU/mL. Biostability curves could be a very useful tool for biostability control in distribution systems. This work could provide some new insights towards biostability control in real distribution systems.     

Compound pollution of Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn,As in plant-soil system and its prevention

ＣｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆＣｄ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ａｓｉｎｐｌａｎｔ－ｓｏｉｌｓｙｓｔｅｍａｎｄｉｔｓｐｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ￥ＷｕＹａｎｙｕ；ＷａｎｇＸｉｎ；ＬｉＹｉｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡ...     

Growth pattern of reed in Caogang Lake,Huanghuaihai Plain,China

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＲｅｅｄ（Ｐｈｒａｇｍｉｔｅｓｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｓ）ｉｓａｋｉｎｄｏｆｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔａｑｕａｔｉｃｐｌａｎｔｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅ．Ｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｉｔｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｒａｗｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ，ｂｕｔａｌ...     

Urbanization, environmental consequences and management in China

Ｕｒｂａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎ，ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓａｎｄｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｉｎＣｈｉｎａＬｕＹｏｎｇｌｏｎｇ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ），ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅ...     

Emission of landfill gas in Qingdao, China

ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００１２，Ｃｈｉｎａ）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：ＡｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｌａｎｄｆｉｌｌｇａｓｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｉｎＱｉｎｇｄａｏ，Ｃｈｉｎａｗａｓｃａｒｒｉｅｄｏｕｔ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｓｈｏｗｅｄｔｈ...     

Application of aerial remote sensing in the study on vegetation in Guangzhou,China

ＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆａｅｒｉａｌｒｅｍｏｔｅｓｅｎｓｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｖｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎｉｎＧｕａｎｇｚｈｏｕ，ＣｈｉｎａＣｈｅｎＳｈｉｊｉｅ；ＨｅＳｈｉｇａｎ；ＹａｎｇＪｉｅｌｉｎ；ＷａｎｇＬｉａｎｇｐｉｎｇ（Ｄｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎ...     

Comprehensive Study on Enteric Viruses and Indicators in Surface Water in Kyoto,Japan, During 2014–2015 Season

Certain enteric viruses that are present in the water environment are potential risk factors of waterborne infections. To better understand the impact of viruses in water, both enteric viruses and their potential indicators should be comparatively investigated. In this study, occurrences of GI- and GII-noroviruses (NoVs), sapovirus (SaV), rotavirus (RoV), Aichi virus 1 (AiV-1), enterovirus (EV), and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) were quantitatively determined in surface water samples in Japan. Additionally, the genotype distribution of GI- and GII-NoVs was determined using a next-generation amplicon sequencing. PMMoV was the most abundant virus regardless of season and location, indicating its usefulness as an indicator for the viral contamination of water. Other potential indicators, AiV and EV, were less abundant than GII-NoV. Viruses other than PMMoV showed seasonality, i.e., EV and other viruses (NoVs, SaV, RoV, and AiV-1) became prevalent during summer and winter, respectively. SaV showed a relatively high abundance at a location that was affected by untreated wastewater. Regarding NoV genotypes, GI.1, GI.2, GI.4, GI.5, GI.6, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, and GII.17 were found from the surface water samples. GII.4 and GII.17 seemed to have contributed to the high abundance of GII-NoV in the samples. Interestingly, GII.17 strains became prevalent in the water samples before becoming prevalent among gastroenteritis patients in Japan. These findings provide further insights into the properties of viruses as contaminants in the water environment.     

Do honeybees, Apis mellifera scutellata, regulate humidity in their nest?

Honeybees are highly efficient at regulating the biophysical parameters of their hive according to colony needs. Thermoregulation has been the most extensively studied aspect of nest homeostasis. In contrast, little is known about how humidity is regulated in beehives, if at all. Although high humidity is necessary for brood development, regulation of this parameter by honeybee workers has not yet been demonstrated. In the past, humidity was measured too crudely for a regulation mechanism to be identified. We reassess this issue, using miniaturised data loggers that allow humidity measurements in natural situations and at several places in the nest. We present evidence that workers influence humidity in the hive. However, there are constraints on potential regulation mechanisms because humidity optima may vary in different locations of the nest. Humidity could also depend on variable external factors, such as water availability, which further impair the regulation. Moreover, there are trade-offs with the regulation of temperature and respiratory gas exchanges that can disrupt the establishment of optimal humidity levels. As a result, we argue that workers can only adjust humidity within sub-optimal limits.     

Distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in Avicennia marina community in Shenzhen,China

ＤｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｉｎＡｖｉｃｅｎｎｉａｍａｒｉｎａｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙｉｎＳｈｅｎｚｈｅｎ，ＣｈｉｎａＬｉｎＰｅｎｇ，ＺｈｅｎｇＷｅｎｊｉａｎ，ＬｉＺｈｅｎｊｉＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＢｉ...     

Flux of dimethylsulfide in the Jiaozhou Bay,China

Seasonal measurements of dimethylsulfide(DMS)in surface waters were carried out during 1993-1994 in the Jiaozhou Bay.A seasonal variation is observed for DMS concentrations in seawater,ranging from 0.6 to 8.97 nmol S/L with the highest values in spring.A factor of 4 was measured for DMS concentrations with mean concentrations of 5.85 nmol S/L or 6.58 nmol S/L in spring and 1.40nmol S/L in winter.A sea-to-air flux of DMS also showed a seasonal variation     

Mercury emission and pollution in Chongqing City, China

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇｉｓａｂｉｇｃｉｔｙｉｎｓｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔＣｈｉｎａ,ａｎｄｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｃｉｔｙｗｉｔｈ 2 30 0 0ｋｍ2 ａｒｅａ .Ａｂｏｕｔ 17ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎｔｏｎｓｏｆｃｏａｌａｒｅａｂｕｒｎｈｅｒｅｐｅｒｙｅａｒ.ＳｏｔｈｅａｃｉｄｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＨｇｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎａｒｅｓｅｒｉｏｕｓａｎｄｔｈｅｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｓｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｌｙａｆｆｅｃｔｅｄｉｎＣｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇ(Ｍｏｕ ,1992 ;1995) ,ｍｏｒｅｔｈ…     

Population growth, management and environmental degradation in China

Environmental problems in China can be divided into two large classes: pollution and destruction of natural environment. Environmental degradation is particularly serious in areas with rapid population growth. In this paper, some of China's major environmental problems, particularly those concerned with land, forests, and continental waters are introduced in order to see how population growth and management have affected these resources over the past few decades. It is also explained how the Chinese plan to cope and eventually solve these problems.     

Concentration level of heavy metals in the Great Wall Bay, Antarctica in austral summer

ＣｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｌｅｖｅｌｏｆｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｉｎｔｈｅＧｒｅａｔＷａｌｌＢａｙ，Ａｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａｉｎａｕｓｔｒａｌｓｕｍｍｅｒ￥ＰｕＪｉａｂｉｎ；ＦｕＹｕｎｎａ；ＬｉＺｈｏｎｇｐｉｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭａｒｉｎｅＥｎｖｉ...