Probleme der Forschungsförderung

Various types of research (application, collection of data using scientific methods, research into the unknown) demand different kinds of promotion (direct external control, research under contract, project research, grant application by the scientist himself, free research), and they demand forms of organization appropiate for the work of individuals, of teams, for the promotion of large groups and sometimes for planning. Persons are always the most important problem; few should remain in the second rank, many should later do something else. Quality and honesty, and their recognition by the public, must remain the fundamental criteria of all research. Growing government influence, with planning and priorities and with a bias towards large projects, should be balanced against a continous effort to maintain and increase the scientific capacity by not neglecting basic research.     

Biologische Probleme der Befischung mariner Ökosysteme

New political, economical, and technical developments have changed the character of world fisheries. The exploitation of relatively small marine organisms, mainly pelagic fish, as a source of protein and the large distant-water fishing fleets of some countries operating worldwide make it possible to change marine ecosystems and particularly the upper parts of the food chain rapidly and drastically. The paper discusses recent changes in North Sea fish stocks and the ecological effects of antarctic whaling.