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应对全球气候变化是21世纪人类社会面临的最复杂挑战之一,而规模化实施二氧化碳捕获、利用与封存(CCUS,carbon capture,utilization and storage)技术能够直接、有效地实现碳减排。二氧化碳地质封存项目的环境影响评价工作中需着重考虑的一项风险评估情景是封存于地下的CO_2发生泄漏。但是我国现有的评价CO_2泄漏量和风险强度的方法仅用来界定环境风险的可能性和泄漏事故对环境风险受体的影响程度,未给出二氧化碳泄漏量的核算方法,无法指导对泄漏引发的环境风险进行定量预测和评价,进而影响项目的决策和管理。通过总结归纳国内外二氧化碳地质封存项目环境风险源强的研究成果,识别影响二氧化碳地质封存项目环境风险源强的关键因子,给出了二氧化碳地质封存项目环境风险强度的计算方法。为修订和完善《二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存环境风险评估技术指南(试行)》,引导中国CCUS的健康发展提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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随着全球气候变暖效应的加剧,如何降低大气中二氧化碳含量成为一个焦点问题,二氧化碳的地质封存及资源化利用成为可选的有效途径。目前,二氧化碳封存及二氧化碳提高石油采收率的项目已遍布世界各地,但是其存在的环境风险不容忽视。本文从二氧化碳的封存原理出发,具体分析了二氧化碳地质封存的风险来源及其可能对环境、人体、生态等造成的危害,同时结合二氧化碳提高石油采收率工程的特殊性进行了风险分析,并鉴于我国目前并没有相应的风险评价导则,提出了下一步需要根据相应的风险类型制定出一套适合我国二氧化碳地质封存的风险评价体系的建议。 相似文献
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温室效应加剧带来的一系列环境问题日益严重,二氧化碳捕集与封存(CCS)技术是短期内应对温室效应问题的一种有效技术方法。CCS技术主要包括CO2捕集、运输和封存,首先简要说明CCS技术的基本原理和技术特点,并详细介绍了国外、国内CO2强化采油技术的应用及发展情况。 相似文献
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为了优化咸水层CO2埋存场地的选址工作,本文针对陆相沉积盆地咸水层CO2埋存场地选址相关的若干问题进行了探讨。经研究认为:CO2地质埋存场地选址与油气勘探工作的结合具有很强的现实意义;从储盖条件考虑,应优先考虑在滩坝相和河流三角洲前缘相分布区实施后续场地选址工作,而针对盆地类型,结构简单的盆地如坳陷盆地一般更适宜CO2的埋存;从圈闭适宜性分析,规模较大、储层渗透性较好的透镜体岩性圈闭是潜在的CO2埋存场地,由于水动力圈闭和断层圈闭涉及复杂的地下水动力场、CO2参与下复杂的地球化学反应和岩体力学稳定性等问题,因此需要进一步的理论研究以论证其作为CO2埋存场地的可行性,而背斜是良好的圈闭类型;从勘探程度条件考虑,若其他影响因素空间差异不明显,应优先选取圈闭预探和评价阶段被核销或放弃的圈闭以及未实施预探工作的区域进行后续场地选址工作。 相似文献
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浅议C02地质封存的潜在风险 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着气候的不断变暖,全球开始寻找减缓气候变暖的技术及措施,在所有减排技术中,CCS技术贡献达20%以上。CCS技术虽是有效减排CO2和提高石油、天然气等能源采收率的技术手段,但目前该技术尚处于发展阶段,还存在一些潜在的风险问题,捕集、运输、封存三个环节都存在CO2泄露的风险,泄露将污染地下水、影响动植物甚至人类,还有可能诱发地震等。主要研究了CCS技术的地质封存环节C02泄露存在的潜在风险,分析了地质封存的CO2泄漏的方式及危害,并提出了可采取的应对措施。 相似文献
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Torvanger Asbjørn Rypdal Kristin Kallbekken Steffen 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2005,10(4):693-715
Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage is increasingly being considered as an important climate change mitigation option. This paper explores
provisions for including geological CO2 storage in climate policy. The storage capacity of Norway's Continental Shelf is alone sufficient to store a large share
of European CO2 emissions for many decades. If CO2 is injected into oil reservoirs there is an additional benefit in terms of enhanced oil recovery. However, there are significant
technical and economic challenges, including the large investment in infrastructure required, with related economies of scale
properties. Thus CO2 capture, transportation and storage projects are likely to be more economically attractive if developed on a large scale,
which could mean involving two or more nations. An additional challenge is the risk of future leakages from storage sites,
where the government must take on a major responsibility. In institutional and policy terms, important challenges are the
unsettled status of geological CO2 storage as a policy measure in the Kyoto Protocol, lack of relevant reporting and verification procedures, and lack of decisions
on how the option should be linked to the flexibility mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol. In terms of competitiveness with
expected prices for CO2 permits under Kyoto Protocol trading, the relatively high costs per tonne of CO2 stored means that geological CO2 storage is primarily of interest where enhanced oil recovery is possible. These shortcomings and uncertainties mean that
companies and governments today only have weak incentives to venture into geological CO2 storage. 相似文献
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为系统研究储层物性参数对CO_2捕集机制的影响,根据鄂尔多斯盆地神华10万t/a CCS示范工程实际注入层的地质条件,运用TOUGHREACT软件建立了二维径向模型,探讨了温度、孔隙度、储层厚度、储层渗透率、残余水饱和度、压力、残余气饱和度、初始盐度、毛细压力和储层非均质性等储层物性参数对CO_2长期封存能力的影响。结果表明:温度、孔隙度、储层厚度、储层渗透率是影响CO_2矿物捕集量的主要控制因素;高毛细压力较低毛细压力使CO_2羽的分布更为均匀,有利于CO_2的矿物捕集。通过计算CO_2矿物捕集量对储层各物性参数的平均敏感度,评估了实际储层的CO_2矿物捕集能力,可为CCS实际工程的适宜性评价和选址提供科学依据。 相似文献
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南方地区沉积盆地CO_2地质储存潜力与适宜性评价方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
南方地区沉积盆地个数多达140有余,之前仅有少数盆地进行了CO2地质储存潜力与适宜性评价。本文在综合国内外CO2地质储存潜力与适宜性评价方法及南方地区沉积盆地具体的地质特点的基础上,通过对《全国CO2地质储存潜力评价与示范工程实施技术要求》评价指标体系进行优化和改进,建立了7个指标层、20个指标和5个指标划分等级的CO2地质储存潜力评价指标体系,对南方地区沉积盆地进行了D级CO2地质储存潜力与适宜性评价。结果表明:南方地区各储存介质(深部咸水含水层、油气田、煤层)的CO2地质储存潜力值合计为165.15×108 t,其中深部咸水含水层是南方地区沉积盆地最主要的CO2地质储存场所;楚雄盆地、洞庭湖盆地、江汉盆地可圈定CO2地质封存远景区及目标靶区。 相似文献
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以电化学去极化CO2浓缩技术(EDC)的基本原理为基础,综述了EDC的技术进展和主要性能指标,结果表明了该技术作为载人航天飞行时座舱空气中CO2的浓缩和去除方法的可行性. 相似文献
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R. Stuart Haszeldine 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2006,11(2):369-393
The principles of hydrocarbon exploration and production provide well-established and tested principles and technologies to
investigate storage of fluids in the subsurface. CO2 can be stored in the subsurface using settings of: (A) thick permeable coal seams; (B) depleted oil and gas fields; (C) saline
aquifers of regional extent, with an overlying seal. The North Sea Sleipner project shows that CO2 can be injected into the pore space of deep geological aquifers deeper than 800 m at 1 Mt/yr, using established technology.
Suitable sediment sequences of saline aquifers exist in all hydrocarbon-producing areas, are volumetrically much larger than
exploited oil and gas fields, and hold the potential to easily store all worldwide CO2 emissions until 2050. Geological principles are established to assess entire continents for candidate sites of CO2 storage. This shows that opportunity may be widespread, but needs more specific local investigations. Onshore sub-Saharan
Africa is considered the most problematic region – but even here there are potentially viable sediment sequences. No demonstration
projects currently exist for CO2 capture and storage using small-scale onshore facilities. A simple estimate, assuming CO2 value of $20 per ton, suggests that single boreholes onshore may be viable over 20 years with supply rates of 100,000 ton
CO2 per year. In principle, atmospheric CO2 could be captured by cultivated biomass, and co-fired in existing power stations. Or energy crops could be grown, CO2 to be used, and stored deep below ground, in a country distant from an original fossil-fuel CO2 emission site. 相似文献