Brief description of the effects on health of the earthquake of 3rd March 1985 – Chile

Chile is one of the most seismically active countries in the world. Earthquakes are periodic phenomena that test the quality of construction, as well as the capacity of the population to adapt to sharp changes in socio-environ-mental conditions.
Experience in this regard has demonstrated the desirability of being prepared, at the institutional level and at the level of the general population, to carry out investigations and to begin measures to cope with these catastrophes, in order to reduce damage and the interruption of normal life to a minimum.
In this paper some general aspects of the social and health impacts of the earthquake of 3rd March 1985 are examined. The shock affected the central area of Chile which contains 61% of the total population.
The earthquake occurred at 19:50 hours on Sunday, 3rd March, and was of magnitude 7.8. Recorded personal losses included 180 dead and 2,575 injured, and around 200,000 damaged or destroyed dwellings. The destruction also affected the infrastructure of the public services, such as energy, road, telecommunications and water supply, giving rise to an emergency in the provision of assistance.
Special reference is made to the effects, on the health care infrastructure, drinking water supply and, less important, on the behavior of some communicable intestinal diseases that are highly endemic in the area under study.     

The 1988 earthquake in soviet armenia: implications for earthquake preparedness

An earthquake registering 6.9 on the Richter scale hit the northern part of the Armenian Republic of the Soviet Union on 7 December 1988, resulting in thousands of deaths and injuries. The majority of these resulted from the collapse of inadequately designed and constructed buildings. Analysis of the effects of the Armenian earthquake on the population, as well as of the rescue and medical response, has strong implications for earthquake preparedness and response in other seismically vulnerable parts of the world. Specifically, this paper will recommend a number of important endeavours deemed necessary to improve medical planning, preparedness and response to earthquakes. Strengthening the self-reliance of the community in disaster preparedness is suggested as the best way to improve the effectiveness of relief operations. In earthquake-prone areas, training and education in basic first aid and methods of rescue should be an integral part of any community preparedness programme.     

The Erzurum-Kars earthquake area revisited

This report is a summary of the findings of a second follow-up visit to the Erzurum-Kars area in Eastern Turkey where a major earthquake happened on 30th October 1984. The temporary resettlement area and the affected villages studied in November 1983 (as reported in Disasters 8(1)) were revisited in May 1984 to follow up the recovery of the communities, to examine how various kinds of aid were utilized and what other steps the Government had taken towards relocating and rehousing these communities.     

The San Salvador earthquake of 10th October 1986

The authors carried out an nvestigative mission to San Salvador between 20th October and 3rd November 1986, under the auspices of the Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team (EEFIT). The mission was funded by Rendel Palmer & Tritton and the Science and Engineering Research Council.     

The Pyrenees earthquake of 1660: Effects in France

Until 1975 or so, scientists' knowledge of the major earthquake of 1660 in the Pyrenees (in Bigorre) was largely restricted to the meagre information repeated in the classical catalogues. Useful material published in local learned journals was mostly unknown, and has only been unearthed and interpreted since 1976, when two year's work of analysis was started for the "Projet Sismo-tectonique" in France. During and since that project, further routine work necessary for the revision of the historical seismicity of France, has brought to light a new wealth of information from archive sources. This new knowledge, at least from the French side, is used as the basis for a brief macroseismic review of the event north of the Pyrenees, putting forward proposals for the isoseismal lines. Emphasis is placed on the number and quality of the sources, some of which are quoted for evidence of major rockfalls in the meizoseismal region and the wide extent of the felt area, as far north as Salnt-Maixent in Poitou.     

日本9.0级地震事件

据中国国家地震台网中心测定,北京时间2011年3月11日13时46分,日本在位于宫城县以东的西太平洋国际海域(北纬38.1度,东经142.6度)发生了9.0级地震,震源深度约20公里,震中距仙台约190公里,东京有强烈震感。     

The use of newspaper data in historical earthquake studies

Studies of historical British earthquakes are an essential component of assessing seismic hazard in the U.K.; such studies rely heavily on macroseismic data obtained from printed newspapers. This paper discusses the ways in which newspapers have reported British earthquakes and the nature and limitations of the data that may be acquired from this source. Historical changes in the press as a source of macroseismic data are discussed. It is suggested that an understanding of the background and nature of newspaper data is an important component in the process of revaluating historical earthquakes from such data.     

五大连池火山构造环境与地震活动

基于五大连池火山地质、地震活动和大地电磁深部探测资料,讨论了火山构造环境与地震活动的关系,受构造环境的制约,地震活动水平和空间分布特征与火山区断裂活动的强度与方式有直接的关系。老黑山附近东西侧地下介质的电性结构变化速度较大,与地震活动集中的事实相符,是现今火山区地壳浅层活动强的部位。     

The gediz earthquake: reconstruction between 1970 & 1977

Our observations in Gediz weremadein 1970,1973,1975 and 1977. Information was collected in each of these trips but the fullest interviewing took place in 1977.
Some of the people interviewed evaded our questions and many would not talk freely. This was mainly in New Gediz, where we were often referred to the mayor. Gediz has had three mayors since the earthquake, but the present mayor is fully informed on the aid which has arrived since the earthquake. He was generous with this information and his opinion
Equally generous and gracious were the members of an informal association concerned with the revival of Old Gediz. In addition, we were able to talk to people in public places and to shopkeepers. Our contacts on the street were rather few
We visited Akcaalan in 1975 and 1977, conducting interviews in both years. Much of the information and opinion was collected in two coffee shops. The mayor, Mr. M. Taskin, impressed us with his precision and graciousness.     

The recovery of schools from earthquake effects: Lessons from Mexico City

Much work has been done to prepare schools and institutions for the immediate effects of earthquakes and other disasters. This paper looks at the preparation needed for medium to long term recovery from the physical and psychological effects of earthquakes. Colegio Madrid, a school of 3,000 students that suffered major damage in the September 1985 Mexico City earthquake serves as the focus of this study. The experiences and actions of faculty, staff, students and parents at this school provide lessons for not only schools, but all institutions and communities which may face the prospect of reconstructing themselves following a disaster.     

应用GIS提高地震分析预报能力

简要介绍了地理信息系统中的空间分析功能 ,并以一些实例展示了其在地震分析预报中可能的用途。研究表明 ,地理信息系统不仅可以对数据和图形进行编辑、显示、查询、分类 ,它还有地图距离分析、面分析、局部统计、邻域分析等等强大的空间分析功能 ,而将这些功能用到地震预报中 ,则有可能得到一些新的思路 ,提出新的方法 ,提高地震分析预报水平。     

地震灾害损失评估

回顾了我国地震灾害损失评估的发展与现状,介绍了地震灾害损失评估的内容、方法和步骤,探讨了地震灾害损失评估中需要进一步研究的若干问题。