Nitrogen cycling of atmosphere-plant-soft system in the typical Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland in the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

The nitrogen(N)distribution and cycling of atmosphere-plant-soil system in the typical meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland (TMCW)and marsh meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland(MMCW)in the Sanjiang plain were studied by a compartment model.The results showed that the N wet deposition amount was 0.757 gN/(m~2.a),and total inorganic N(TIN)was the main body (0.640 gN/(m~2.a)).The ammonia volatilization amounts of TMCW and MMCW soils in growing season were 0.635 and 0.687 gN/m~2, and the denitrification gaseous lost amounts were 0.617 and 0.405 gN/m~2,respectively.In plant subsystem,the N was mainly stored in root and litter.Soil organic N was the main N storage of the two plant-soil systems and the proportions of it were 93.98% and 92.16%, respectively.The calculation results of N turnovers among compartments of TMCW and MMCW showed that the uptake amounts of root were 23.02 and 28.18 gN/(m~2.a)and the values of aboveground were 11.31 and 6.08 gN/(m~2.a),the re-translocation amounts from aboveground to root were 5.96 and 2.70 gN/(m~2.a),the translocation amounts from aboveground living body to litter were 5.35 and 3.38 gN/(m~2.a),the translocation amounts from litter to soil were larger than 1.55 and 3.01 gN/(m~2.a),the translocation amounts from root to soil were 14.90 and 13.17 gN/(m~2.a),and the soil(0-15 cm)N net mineralization amounts were 1.94 and 0.55 gN/(m~2.a), respectively.The study of N balance indicated that the two plant-soil systems might be situated in the status of lacking N,and the status might induce the degradation of C.angustifolia wetland.     

Nitrogen cycling of atmosphere-plant-soil system in the typical Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

The nitrogen (N) distribution and cycling of atmosphere-plant-soil system in the typical meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland (TMCW) and marsh meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland (MMCW) in the Sanjiang plain were studied by a compartment model. The results showed that the N wet deposition amount was 0.757 gN/(m2·a), and total inorganic N (TIN) was the main body (0.640 gN/(m2·a)). The ammonia volatilization amounts of TMCW and MMCW soils in growing season were 0.635 and 0.687 gN/m2, and the denitrification gaseous lost amounts were 0.617 and 0.405 gN/m2, respectively. In plant subsystem, the N was mainly stored in root and litter. Soil organic N was the main N storage of the two plant-soil systems and the proportions of it were 93.98% and 92.16%, respectively. The calculation results of N turnovers among compartments of TMCW and MMCW showed that the uptake amounts of root were 23.02 and 28.18 gN/(m2·a) and the values of aboveground were 11.31 and 6.08 gN/(m2·a), the re-translocation amounts from aboveground to root were 5.96 and 2.70 gN/(m2·a), the translocation amounts from aboveground living body to litter were 5.35 and 3.38 gN/(m2·a), the translocation amounts from litter to soil were larger than 1.55 and 3.01 gN/(m2·a), the translocation amounts from root to soil were 14.90 and 13.17 gN/(m2·a), and the soil (0-15cm) N net mineralization amounts were 1.94 and 0.55 gN/(m2·a), respectively. The study of N balance indicated that the two plant-soil systems might be situated in the status of lacking N, and the status might induce the degradation of C. angustifolia wetland.     

Fluxes of CH4 and N2O from soil under a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China

CH4 and N2O fluxes from soil under a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China were measured for one year using closed static chamber technique and gas chromatography method. Three treatments were set in the studied field: (A) litter-free,(B) with litter, and (C) with litter and seedling. The results showed that the soil in our study was a sink of atmospheric CH4 and source of atmospheric N2O. The observed mean CH4 fluxes from treatments A, B, and C were -50.0±4.0, -35.9±2.8,-31.6±2.8 μgC/(m2·h),respectively,and calculated annual fluxes in2003 were -4.1,-3.1,and -2.9kgC/hm2,respectively.The observed mean N2O fluxes from treatments A,B,and C were 30.9±3.1,28.2±3.5,50.2±3.7μgN/(m2·h),respectively,and calculated annual fluxes in 2003 were 2.8, 2.6, and 3.7 kgN/hm2, respectively. Seasonal variations in CH4 and N2O fluxes were significant among all the three treatments. The presence of litter decreased CH4 uptake during wet season (P ＜ 0.05), but not during dry season. There was a similar increase in seedlings-mediated N2O emissions during wet and dry seasons, indicating that seedlings increased N2O emission in both seasons. A strong positive relationship existed between CH4 fluxes and soil moisture for all the three treatments, and weak relationship between CH4 fluxes and soil temperature for treatment B and treatment C. The N2O fluxes correlated with soil temperature for all the three treatments.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Managed grassland alters soil N dynamics and N2O emissions in temperate steppe

Reclamation of degraded grasslands as managed grasslands has been increasingly accelerated in recent years in China. Land use change affects soil nitrogen(N) dynamics and nitrous oxide(N_2O) emissions. However, it remains unclear how large-scale grassland reclamation will impact the grassland ecosystem as a whole. Here, we investigated the effects of the conversion from native to managed grasslands on soil N dynamics and N_2O emissions by field experiments in Hulunber in northern China. Soil(0–10 cm), nitrate(NO_3~-),ammonium(NH_4~+), and microbial N were measured in plots in a temperate steppe(Leymus chinensis grassland) and two managed grasslands(Medicago sativa and Bromus inermis grasslands) in 2011 and 2012. The results showed conversion of L. chinensis grassland to M.sativa or B. inermis grasslands decreased concentrations of NO_3~–-N, but did not change NH_4~–N . Soil microbial N was slightly decreased by the conversion of L. chinensis grassland to M.sativa, but increased by the conversion to B. inermis. The conversion of L. chinensis grassland to M. sativa(i.e., a legume grass) increased N_2O emissions by 26.2%, while the conversion to the B. inermis(i.e., a non-legume grass) reduced N_2O emissions by 33.1%. The conversion from native to managed grasslands caused large created variations in soil NO?3~-+–N and NH_4~–N concentrations. Net N mineralization rates did not change significantly in growing season or vegetation type, but to net nitrification rate. These results provide evidence on how reclamation may impact the grassland ecosystem in terms of N dynamics and N_2O emissions.     

Phospholipid fatty acid patterns of microbial communities in paddy soil under different fertilizer treatments

The microbial communities under irrigated rice cropping with different fertilizer treatments, including control （CK）, PK, NK, NP, NPK fertilization, were investigated using phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） profile method. The results of this study revealed that the fertilizer practice had an impact on the community structure of specific microbial groups. The principal components analysis （PCA） showed that proportion of the actinomycete PLFAs （10Me 18：0 and 10Me 16：0） were the lowest in the PK treatment and the highest in the NPK treatment, which means that soil nitrogen status affected the diversity of actinomycetes, whereas nitrogen cycling was related to the actinomycets. Under CK treatment, the ratio of Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria was lower compared with that in fertilizer addition treatments, indicating that fertilizer application stimulated Gram-positive bacterial population in paddy soil. The fatty acid 18：2to6,9, which is considered to be predominantly of fungal origin, was at low level in all the treatments. The ratio of cyl9：0 to 18：1 to7, which has been proposed as an indicator of stress conditions, decreased in PK treatment. Changes of soil microbial community under different fertilizer treatments of paddy soil were detected in this study; however, the causes that lead to changes in the microbial community still needs further study.     

Response of soil CO2 efflux to precipitation manipulation in a semiarid grassland

Soil CO_2efflux(SCE) is an important component of ecosystem CO_2 exchange and is largely temperature and moisture dependent, providing feedback between C cycling and the climate system. We used a precipitation manipulation experiment to examine the effects of precipitation treatment on SCE and its dependences on soil temperature and moisture in a semiarid grassland. Precipitation manipulation included ambient precipitation, decreased precipitation(- 43%), or increased precipitation(+ 17%). The SCE was measured from July2013 to December 2014, and CO_2 emission during the experimental period was assessed.The response curves of SCE to soil temperature and moisture were analyzed to determine whether the dependence of SCE on soil temperature or moisture varied with precipitation manipulation. The SCE significantly varied seasonally but was not affected by precipitation treatments regardless of season. Increasing precipitation resulted in an upward shift of SCE–temperature response curves and rightward shift of SCE–moisture response curves,while decreasing precipitation resulted in opposite shifts of such response curves. These shifts in the SCE response curves suggested that increasing precipitation strengthened the dependence of SCE on temperature or moisture, and decreasing precipitation weakened such dependences. Such shifts affected the predictions in soil CO_2 emissions for different precipitation treatments. When considering such shifts, decreasing or increasing precipitation resulted in 43 or 75% less change, respectively, in CO_2 emission compared with changes in emissions predicted without considering such shifts. Furthermore, the effects of shifts in SCE response curves on CO_2 emission prediction were greater during the growing than the non-growing season.     

Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature on the soil profile methane distribution and diffusion in rice-wheat rotation system

The aim of this experiment was to determine the impacts of climate change on soil profile concentrations and diffusion effluxes of methane in a rice–wheat annual rotation ecosystem in Southeastern China. We initiated a field experiment with four treatments:ambient conditions(CKs), CO_2 concentration elevated to ~ 500 μmol/mol(FACE),temperature elevated by ca. 2°C(T) and combined elevation of CO_2 concentration and temperature(FACE + T). A multilevel sampling probe was designed to collect the soil gas at four different depths, namely, 7 cm, 15 cm, 30 cm and 50 cm. Methane concentrations were higher during the rice season and decreased with depth, while lower during the wheat season and increased with depth. Compared to CK, mean methane concentration was increased by 42%, 57% and 71% under the FACE, FACE + T and T treatments, respectively, at the 7 cm depth during the rice season(p 0.05). Mean methane diffusion effluxes to the 7 cm depth were positive in the rice season and negative in the wheat season, resulting in the paddy field being a source and weak sink, respectively. Moreover, mean methane diffusion effluxes in the rice season were 0.94, 1.19 and 1.42 mg C/(m~2·hr) in the FACE,FACE + T and T treatments, respectively, being clearly higher than that in the CK. The results indicated that elevated atmospheric CO_2 concentration and temperature could significantly increase soil profile methane concentrations and their effluxes from a rice–wheat field annual rotation ecosystem(p 0.05).     

Determination of respiration, gross nitrification and denitrification in soil profile using BaPS system

A facility of BaPS （Barometric Process Separation） was used to determine soil respiration, gross nitrification and denitrification in a winter wheat field with depths of 0-7, 7--14 and 14-21 cm. N2O production was determined by a gas chromatograph. Crop root mass and relevant soil parameters were measured. Results showed that soil respiration and gross nitrification decreased with the increase of soil depth, while denitrification did not change significantly. In comparison with no-plowing plot, soil respiration increased significantly in plowing plot, especially in the surface soil of 0-7 cm, while gross nitrification and denitrification rates were not affected by plowing. Cropping practice in previous season was found to affect soil gross nitrification in the following wheat-growing season. Higher gross nitrification rate occurred in the filed plot with preceding crop of rice compared with that of maize for all the three depths of 0-7, 7-14 and 14-21 cm. A further investigation indicated that the nitrification for all the cases accounted for about 76% of the total nitrogen transformation processes of nitrification and denitrification and the N2O production correlated with nitrification significantly, suggesting that nitrification is a key process of soil N2O production in the wheat field. In addition, the variations of soil respiration and gross nitrification were exponentially dependent on root mass （p〈0.00l）.     

Effect of N and P addition on soil organic C potential mineralization in forest soils in South China

Atmospheric nitrogen deposition is at a high level in some forests of South China. The effects of addition of exogenous N and P on soil organic carbon mineralization were studied to address: (1) if the atmospheric N deposition promotes soil C storage through decreasing mineralization; (2) if the soil available P is a limitation to organic carbon mineralization. Soils (0-10 cm) was sampled from monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest (MEBF), coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest (CBMF), and Pinus massoniana...     

水氮控制对荒漠草原中小型土壤动物的影响

为了解模拟氮沉降和降雨变化对短花针茅荒漠草原中小型土壤动物的影响,本试验设计主区为自然降雨（CK）、增雨30%（W）和减雨30%（R）3个水分处理,副区为0（N0）,30（N30）,50（N50）和100（N100） kg/（hm²·a）4个氮素处理共12个处理.研究表明：在相同的水分处理中随着氮浓度的不断增高,表层土壤中中小型土壤动物的个体密度呈先上升后下降趋势.W-N30处理下中小型土壤动物个体密度高于其他处理（P<0.05）,类群数随着氮浓度升高呈下降趋势,减雨与过量施氮对表层土壤中中小型土壤动物个体密度具有抑制作用.短花针茅荒漠草原中小型土壤动物在土层中具有明显的表聚特性.另外,冗余分析（RDA）表明,研究区内中小型土壤动物的优势类群与常见类群受环境因子影响较显著,土壤pH值、温度、含水量、有机质和植物全C、全N、C/N对中小型土壤动物个体密度影响均较大,但短期内对类群数的影响不显著.当短花针茅荒漠草原面临全球变化时,随着氮沉降量逐渐增加,表层土壤中中小型土壤动物个体密度先逐渐增加,当达到不同水分条件下氮浓度阈值时,则对表层土壤中中小型土壤动物产生抑制作用.     

模拟氮沉降对中亚热带森林土壤中可溶性氮含量的影响

通过野外模拟试验,研究CK〔对照,0 kg(hm2.a)〕、LN〔低氮,30 kg(hm2.a)〕和HN〔高氮,100 kg(hm2.a)〕处理3个氮沉降水平对亚热带针叶(杉木)和阔叶(浙江桂、罗桴栲)森林土壤中可溶性氮含量的影响.结果表明:施氮后3 d,土壤中的w(SIN)(可溶性无机氮含量)在CK和LN处理之间差异不显著,仅发现HN处理与LN及CK处理之间的差异显著.施氮后3个月,各处理之间差异不显著;与施氮后3 d相比,土壤中的w(NH4+-N)在CK处理显著增加了42%～68%(P<0.05),而HN处理则显著降低了45%～58%(P<0.05);土壤中的w(NO3--N)平均降低了24%～88%,其中HN处理降幅最大也最显著;杉木林土壤降幅最大.施氮后3 d,随着施氮水平的提高土壤尤其是杉木林土壤中的w(SON)(可溶性有机氮含量)增加,其占w(TSN)(可溶性总氮含量)的比例降低.然而3个月后,施氮影响趋缓甚至相反;与施氮后3 d比较,HN处理下w(SON)降低,而其占w(TSN)的比例却有所升高,表明SON损失仍低于SIN.阔叶天然林土壤中的w(SON)显著高于杉木人工林,表明凋落物性质差异造成的影响与w(SON)变化有关.     

林下凋落物去除与施氮对针叶林和阔叶林土壤氮的影响

通过野外模拟试验,选择中亚热带针叶林(杉木林)和阔叶林(浙江桂林和罗浮栲林)森林生态系统,设3个施氮水平CK(对照)、低氮〔30kg/(hm2·a) 〕和高氮〔100kg/(hm2·a)〕及2个凋落物处理,研究施氮对土壤主要形态氮质量分数的影响、动态变化及凋落物在其中的作用. 结果表明:与CK相比,高氮处理可瞬时(3d)提高森林土壤氮质量分数,但施氮后持续效应的影响降低. 与保留凋落物相比,去除凋落物在施氮的持续效应中,可降低阔叶林土壤w(铵态氮)18.2%,而杉木林土壤的氮质量分数则略有升高.去除凋落物下施氮的持续和瞬时效应可增加各种林下土壤的w(硝态氮),其中浙江桂林土壤w(硝态氮)分别增加58.9%和38.2%,罗浮栲林土壤分别增加7.0%和30.0%,杉木林土壤分别增加-17.1%和9.0%. 可见凋落物在施氮连续事件中存在复杂的短期和长期相互影响. 阔叶林土壤w(SON)(SON为可溶性有机氮)较高,并且其微生物w(SON)及其占微生物w(TN)的比例高于杉木林土壤,而杉木林土壤微生物w(铵态氮)及其占微生物w(TN)的比例高于阔叶林土壤.      

基于组分区分的亚热带湿地松人工林土壤呼吸对氮添加的响应

氮沉降在很大程度上会对土壤呼吸产生扰动,进而影响到生态系统碳收支.以我国亚热带湿地松人工林为研究对象,通过定位模拟氮沉降控制试验,定量研究根系呼吸和微生物呼吸对氮添加的响应差异,并通过土壤环境的同步监测,初步探讨影响上述过程的生物地球化学与微生物学机理.结果表明:不同氮素添加水平下土壤呼吸速率及其组分总体上都呈现出单峰曲线特征,峰值出现在7月或8月,氮添加对土壤呼吸的季节模式没有明显影响.CK（0,对照）、LN〔60 kg/（hm2·a）,低氮〕和HN〔120 kg/（hm2·a）,高氮〕处理下土壤总呼吸速率的年均值分别为3.91、2.30和1.73 μmol/（m2·s）,各组根系呼吸速率年均值分别为1.41、0.87和0.66 μmol/（m2·s）,各组微生物呼吸速率年均值分别为2.50、1.44和1.07 μmol/（m2·s）.施氮后土壤总呼吸及其组分都受到明显抑制,并且随着施氮水平的提高,土壤总呼吸及其组分明显减小.与对照样地微生物呼吸占比65.2%相比,低氮和高氮处理下微生物呼吸占比显著降低,降幅分别为62.6%和62.1%,说明氮素添加对微生物呼吸的抑制作用大于根系呼吸.施氮后一年,氮素输入对土壤呼吸的抑制在消退.施氮对表层土壤w（TOC）（TOC为总有机碳）、w（NH₄+）、w（NO₃-）、w（DOC）（DOC为可溶性有机碳）、w（DON）（DON为可溶性有机氮）、w（MBC）（MBC为微生物生物量碳）和w（MBN）（MBN为微生物生物量氮）都没有显著影响.氮素添加主要是通过降低土壤pH、加速湿地松人工林土壤酸化,对影响土壤有机质转化的土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性产生显著抑制,从而影响到土壤微生物活性,导致土壤微生物呼吸降低,这可能是土壤呼吸对氮添加响应的关键机制.      

氮添加对亚热带森林土壤有机碳氮组分的影响

为了研究氮添加对森林土壤有机碳氮组分稳定性的影响,选取我国亚热带典型常绿阔叶林(浙江桂天然林和罗浮栲天然林)和针叶林(杉木人工林),开展为期5年的野外模拟氮沉降试验,分别设置对照〔0 kg/(hm2·a),以NH₄NO₃中的N计,下同〕、低氮〔75 kg/(hm2·a)〕和高氮〔150 kg/(hm2·a)〕3个氮添加水平,用H₂SO₄分2步酸水解获得LPⅠ(活性有机库Ⅰ)、LPⅡ(活性有机库Ⅱ)和RP(惰性有机库),定量研究土壤活性和惰性有机碳氮组分以及微生物生物量碳氮对氮添加的响应. 结果表明:氮添加仅对w(LPⅡ-C)(LPⅡ-C为活性有机碳Ⅱ)有显著影响,而对其他活性和惰性有机碳氮组分的影响不显著,并且对不同林分的影响存在差异. 与对照处理相比,低氮处理下浙江桂天然林、罗浮栲天然林和杉木人工林土壤w(LPⅡ-C)的增幅分别为15.3%、29.8%、68.8%;高氮处理下杉木人工林土壤w(LPⅠ-C)(LPⅠ-C为活性有机碳Ⅰ)、w(LPⅠ-N)(LPⅠ-N为活性有机氮Ⅰ)和w(RP-C)(RP-C为惰性有机碳)的增幅分别为32.4%、78.6%、28.7%;氮添加使得土壤w(SMB-C)(土壤微生物生物量碳)的增幅为18.1%~202.5%、w(SMB-N)(土壤微生物生物量氮)的增幅为0%~103.6%;在氮添加处理下,除杉木人工林土壤SMB-N/LPⅠ-N〔w(SMB-N)/w(LPⅠ-N)〕是随着氮添加水平的增加而降低外,微生物对其他林分土壤活性有机氮的利用均表现为随着氮添加水平的增加而增加. 研究显示,氮添加对阔叶林和针叶林土壤活性和惰性有机碳氮组分的影响存在差异,但差异不显著,这与它们归还土壤的凋落物性质差异有关,并且凋落物的分解差异也可能是影响土壤不同碳氮组分变化的原因.      

模拟氮沉降对重庆缙云山马尾松林土壤呼吸和酶活性的季节性影响

土壤酶参与土壤碳氮转化,同时土壤碳氮状况又是土壤酶活性的基础,而大气氮沉降通过影响土壤酶活性进而影响土壤CO_2释放.通过野外模拟试验,探讨不同氮沉降量对马尾松土壤呼吸和酶活性的影响,探索该区域马尾松土壤呼吸(Rs)与土壤温度(T)、土壤湿度(W)、Ure(脲酶)、Ive(转化酶)、CAT(过氧化氢酶)及ACP(酸性磷酸酶)的关系,为深入研究氮沉降对马尾松林森林生态系统的影响提供参考.2014年5月~2015年7月在缙云山马尾松林设置3个氮添加水平和一个无氮添加的对照处理:低氮[N_5,20 g·(m~2·a)~(-1)],中氮[N_(10),40 g·(m~2·a)~(-1)]、高氮[N_(15),60 g·(m~2·a)~(-1)]和对照[N0,0g·(m~2·a)~(-1)],每个处理量分4次,在每个季度开始各施1次,每个处理各9次重复,采用ACE(automated soil CO_2exchange station,UK)自动土壤呼吸监测系统分别对土壤呼吸、土壤温度和土壤湿度进行分析测定.结果表明:1土壤酶和土壤呼吸均具有明显的季节变化规律,各处理土壤呼吸均表现为夏季最高,其次是春季和秋季,最低为冬季,而各处理土壤酶活性则无一致的变化规律.2总体而言,氮沉降对土壤呼吸和酶活性均有抑制作用,且抑制程度随氮浓度增加而加强,但冬季氮沉降对马尾松林土壤呼吸有促进作用,春、夏、秋这3个季节氮沉降对Ure、Ive、CAT及ACP有抑制作用,而冬季氮沉降对4种土壤酶活性影响则存在差异.3逐步回归表明,无氮和低氮处理时,T、Ure和Ive对Rs的贡献较大,且随着T、Ure和Ive的增加,Rs也急剧增加;中氮处理时,T、Ure和CAT对Rs的贡献较大,Rs随着T、Ure和Ive的增加而增加;高氮处理时,Rs随着Ure的增加而降低,随着CAT和W的增加而增加.     

兰州某钢厂周边土壤中磁化率积累速率研究

为了寻找一种简便快捷的积累速率的研究方法,通过对兰州某钢厂近地表土壤进行高密度分层采样和磁化率测量,发现各土层磁化率值随着采样深度的逐渐增加而迅速减小,并且这种关系可以用可靠度很高的方程式来定量描述.在此基础上,通过对该方程式积分处理,计算了土层中磁化率的新增积累量,然后结合钢厂的排污年限计算了磁化率在各土层中的积累速率.结果表明磁化率值在1cm以上的土层中富集程度较高,约占整个土层新增磁化率总积累量的70.24%~97.56%;1cm深度以下土层中磁化率值的变化幅度较小;各采样点新增磁化率总积累速率分别为6.5472×10-8m3/(kg·a),40.4178×10-8m3/(kg·a),49.7683×10-8m3/(kg·a),31.8679×10-8m3/(kg·a),且地表1cm以上土层的积累速率最大,向下直至5cm迅速变小.同时发现下风向的积累速率约为上风向的4.87~7.60倍.因此,利用土层磁化率值纵向变化规律来计算积累速率的方法是可行、可信的,可以反映土壤中重金属的动态积累过程.