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随着我国经济的迅速发展和城市化进程的加快,城市建设正值飞速发展的阶段。社会已经开始更多的关注到公共建筑的高能耗问题,目前,在能源系统的利用效率方面,我国大型公共建筑存在很严重的浪费现象。因此,有必要对公共建筑节能监管体系建设进行合理化的探讨,文章从能耗监测、能耗统计、能源审计、能效公示、制度建设等方面进行了初步探讨,并对能耗监测平台的搭建提出了针对性的建议,以期促进节能监管体系的进一步完善。 相似文献
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大型公共建筑一直是我国建筑节能的重中之重,是建筑能源消耗的高密度领域。大型公共建筑除特殊设备使用外,主要的能耗包括中央空调系统能耗、照明系统能耗、冷热水能耗、动力及其他能耗。有些公共建筑在空调、给排水、照明和电气等方面存在不同程度的用能浪费现象。本文阐述了建筑节能管理工作的思路。 相似文献
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《环境科学与技术》2015,(12)
在全球应对气候变化的背景下,如何促进建筑的节能减排成为人们关注的重点。该文采用情景分析法,通过预测广东省2020年的建筑能耗和碳排放,分析不同政策选择对建筑能耗和碳排放的影响,进而梳理可行的节能减排途径,得到以下结论:(1)到2020年,广东省建筑能耗和碳排放将增长至3 547万tce和15 825万t CO_2,相对于2010年,增幅分别为41%和54%;推广可行的建筑节能技术,可实现建筑节能减排约25%;(2)公共建筑能耗和碳排放的增量以及节能减排潜力均大于居住建筑,节能技术在公共建筑中的推广是未来建筑节能减排工作的重点;(3)楼宇自动化系统、热泵、太阳能热水器、建筑围护结构和节能灯具是广东省最具有推广潜力和节能潜力的5项技术;(4)节能灯和楼宇自动化系统在新建公共建筑中的推广以及太阳能热水器在既有居住建筑中的推广是未来最有潜力的节能减排措施。 相似文献
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建筑能耗在北京市能耗总量中是关键的一部分,推广节能建筑对于北京市的低碳发展具有重要意义。在当前北京市建筑节能工作中,采暖能耗是节能减排的重点,公共建筑能耗增加需要控制。在北京市低碳建筑推进工作中遇到了评测标准、检验方法的不完善,企业与个人的动力不足以及相关技术创新能力较低的障碍。针对这些问题,政府应从加强宣传与干预、建立低碳建筑标准规范和技术体系角度实施相应的应对措施,鼓励企业和个人选择低碳建筑,完善检测标准,健全技术创新体系,促进低碳建筑的推广。 相似文献
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建筑能耗是重要的社会能源消耗主体。采用宏观能源统计方法,利用综合能源平衡表估算上海市1999-2009年住宅能耗和公共建筑运行能耗的变化及其特征。结果表明,上海市民用建筑总能耗由1999年的687.82万tce增加到2009年的1 774.91万tce,平均年增长率为4.68%;住宅建筑能耗呈上升趋势,而单位面积能耗逐年下降,单位面积住宅建筑能耗均值比公共建筑低35.30 kgce/(m2.a);公共建筑单位建筑面积能耗变化呈略增态势,2009年单位建筑能耗比1999年高9.64 kgce/(m2.a)。研究结果可为建筑节能减排政策的制定提供决策参考和数据支持。 相似文献
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《Journal of Cleaner Production》2006,14(9-11):958-962
Education is the foundation for achieving sustainable development. With the purpose of facing sustainable challenges in terms of climate change, water and energy consumption, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) has promoted the culture of energy efficiency in new generations of professionals that will work in the field of building construction. A group of 21 students taking the final official Diploma in Architecture were involved in a project of analysis of energy performance of UPC buildings in order to identify and implement cost-effective ways of promoting a greater environmental responsibility. The development of works focused the attention on introducing energy audits in existing university buildings, analysing the following aspects: surveying construction drawings, building characteristics, energy consumption, use of natural lighting, energy-saving lighting controls, water consumption, and high-efficiency HVAC systems. The ultimate goal was to draft a proposal for greater respect for the environment, and for corrective measures aimed at reducing the environmental impacts. 相似文献
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今天,全球能源在日益减少,人们生活提高又需要增加居住面积,这势必造成能源的消耗.因此,建筑节能已经成为全球范围内都非常关注的一项问题.为了提高居住建筑节能,结合实际需要,针对居住建筑节能的必要性的设计要求展开阐述,同时从规划节能设计、单体节能设计以及节能构造设计这三个不同的角度来着手分析,以期能够在有限的条件下将居住建筑的环保性、功能性以及艺术性更加完美的结合到一起,促进低成本、高效率的节能型居住建筑建设目标早日实现. 相似文献
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在现代建筑节能体系中,暖通空调系统具有十分重要的作用。节能技术之研究与运用,是暖通空调系统节能的组成部分之一,而政府部门的关心与重视,则能充分节能,产生较为显著的社会效益,促进社会经济的快速发展。文章从不断提高系统的控制水平、应用变频技术实现节能效果、推广使用可再生能源的空调系统、尽量减少输送系统产生的动力能耗、使用新型节能的健康空调运行方式等五个方面探讨了暖通空调系统的节能措施。 相似文献
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评价一个建筑的环境性能的好坏,必须充分考虑它的生命周期中的每一个阶段。建立了建筑物的生命周期清单分析模型,并对某钢结构建筑和某混凝土建筑的生命周期清单分析结果进行了比较,结果表明,单从结构的生命周期清单分析结果,钢结构建筑相对于混凝土结构建筑有着较大的优越性,单位面积的建材生命周期环境排放仅为混凝土结构建筑的1/2左右,但是结构在建筑的整个生命周期里面只不到10%的比例,比例最大的是建筑使用阶段,影响建筑使用阶段空调能耗的主要因素是外围护结构的材料和形式,因此优化外围护结构的热工性能是当前我国建筑节能最主要的问题。 相似文献
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Michael J. Scott James A. Dirks Katherine A. Cort 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2008,13(4):307-339
US residential and commercial buildings were responsible for about 41 exajoules (EJ) of primary energy use per year in 2002,
accounting for approximately 9% of the world fossil-fuel related anthropogenic carbon (C) emissions of 6.7 Gt that contribute
to climate change. US Government-sponsored building energy efficiency research and implementation programs are focused on
reducing energy consumption in US residential and commercial buildings and reducing these carbon (C) emissions. Although not
specifically intended for adaptation to a warmer climate and less effective than under today’s cooler climate, these programs
also could help reduce energy demand in a future warmer world. Warming scenarios projected by the United Nations Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2001 imply net overall decreases in both site energy and primary energy consumption in US
residential and commercial buildings, largely because of the reduced need for heating. However, there would be as much as
a 25% increase in building space cooling demand and a significant part of the increase could be offset by energy-efficiency
improvements in buildings. Overall, in the US, buildings-related energy efficiency programs would reduce site energy consumption
in buildings in the US by more than 2 EJ in 2020 and primary energy by more than 3.5 EJ, more than enough to offset the projected
growth in cooling energy consumption due to climate change and growth in the US building stock. The savings would have an
estimated annual net value at 2005 energy prices of between $45.0 and $47.3 billion to consumers.
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Michael J. ScottEmail: |
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《Environmental Science & Policy》1999,2(6):427-437
This study investigates the global impact of wood as a building material by considering emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Wood is compared with other materials in terms of stored carbon and emissions of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel energy used in manufacturing. An analysis of typical forms of building construction shows that wood buildings require much lower process energy and result in lower carbon emissions than buildings of other materials such as brick, aluminium, steel and concrete. If a shift is made towards greater use of wood in buildings, the low fossil fuel requirement for manufacturing wood compared with other materials is much more significant in the long term than the carbon stored in the wood building products.As a corollary, a shift from wood to non-wood materials would result in an increase in energy requirements and carbon emissions.The results presented in this paper show that a 17% increase in wood usage in the New Zealand building industry could result in a 20% reduction in carbon emissions from the manufacture of all building materials, being a reduction of about 1.5% of New Zealand’s total emissions. The reduction in emissions is mainly a result of using wood in place of brick and aluminium, and to a lesser extent steel and concrete, all of which require much more process energy than wood. There would be a corresponding decrease of about 1.5% in total national fossil fuel consumption. These figures have implications for the global forestry and building industries. Any increases in wood use must be accompanied by corresponding increases in areas of forest being managed for long term sustained yield production. 相似文献
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贵阳市餐厨废弃物资源化、无害化活动刚刚起步,面临着餐厨废弃物回收难等一系列问题。从行政管理、技术两个方面简要介绍了贵阳市餐厨废弃物资源化体系建设的现状,针对其中存在的问题,从政府机构、有资质的餐厨废弃物处理机构、餐饮企业、公众4个层次入手分析,初步构建了贵阳市餐厨废弃物资源化体系,从而促进餐厨废弃物的资源化。 相似文献