共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
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生物质发电是将废弃生物质变成可再生能源得以充分利用,这些工程将减少来自于生物质自然腐烂和无控燃烧产生的温室效应,这不仅节约了煤炭的同时也减少了二氧化碳的排放。本文中以某生物质项目发电为例,根据CDM方法学ACM0006计算了该项目的减排量。结果表明,该项目10年间共减少了二氧化碳排放量2,075,140 t,给我国带来了可观的经济效益和环境效益。 相似文献
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日本环境部将大力推广塑料垃圾发电 ,这是由于塑料废弃物用作燃烧平均发热量可达到80 0 0kJ/kg ,能获得大量热能 ,发电效率较高 (一般垃圾发热量仅 1 80 0kJ/kg)。塑料垃圾发电虽比风力发电麻烦许多 ,但可减少火力发电厂消耗的煤炭燃料 ,可起到减少二氧化碳的效果。据日本《京都议定书》规定 ,日本要在 2 0 1 0年将二氧化碳的排放量比 1 999年降低 6%。实施塑料垃圾发电计划对实现该目标很有帮助。另外塑料垃圾发电功率较风力和生物发电功率大 ,为此日本环境部计划到 2 0 1 0年在全国建立 1 5 0个塑料垃圾发电装置 ,届时 ,塑料垃圾发电将成… 相似文献
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《环境科学与技术》2017,(12)
京津冀地区生物质废弃物资源丰富,随着生物质发电技术的发展,生物质废弃物具有较大的回收利用价值。文章基于物质流分析方法(Material Flow Analysis)建立京津冀地区生物质废弃物清查模型,预测出生物质废弃物能源化利用潜力,结果显示2010-2014年京津冀地区生物质废弃物产生量呈上升趋势,2014年生物质废弃物能源化利用量可达10780.23万t,折合能量1955.28 PJ。通过生物质利用能源分析及排放分析,结果表明:2014年京津冀地区生物质废弃物可发电量1820.2亿kW·h,可替代该地区电力消费总量的35.9%,相较传统发电方式,同等发电量前提下生物质发电可减少SO_2排放量25.04万t,NO_x排放量39.93万t,PM_(10)排放量4.97万t。减少直接经济损失7.12亿元。因此,推进生物质废弃物回收利用,加快生物质能源化产业发展对于京津冀地区污染物减排及缓解能源压力具有重要意义。 相似文献
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《安全与环境工程》2020,(2)
我国生物质发电产业的可持续发展,受技术、资金、原料、政策等因素制约,而生物质发电原料供应问题是实现生物质发电总量目标的前提。目前我国生物质发电原料供给不足、价格过高和质量参差不齐等问题阻碍了生物质发电产业的发展,而解决原料供应问题的关键在于对生物质原料市场进行有效市场法律规制。通过市场要素分析方法,将生物质发电原料市场分解成市场主体、市场客体、市场载体、市场价格与价值、市场供给与需求和市场竞争六大市场构成要素;从竞争性市场主体欠缺、市场客体发展不充分、市场载体建设不充分、市场价格与价值不对应、市场供给与需求失衡和市场原料供给端缺乏竞争机制方面分析了我国生物质发电原料市场六大构成要素所存在的问题;最后针对我国生物质发电原料市场所存在的问题,提出了市场主体激励、市场客体培育、市场载体建设、价格与价值平衡、供需对接、竞争机制等方面的法律规制及相关对策。 相似文献
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太阳能是国际社会公认的最理想的替代能源,中国太阳能资源丰富,由于欧美各国市场需求的增大,中国光伏产业取得了快速的发展。但目前中国光伏产业还处于起步阶段,仍面临着资金和技术等难题,而清洁发展机制(CDM)是一种基于市场的灵活履约机制,在中国光伏产业中引入清洁发展机制,不但有利于减少温室气体的排放,而且可大大缓解因资金和技术所带来的问题,并带来一系列环境和社会效益。其次,以锦州市一座10 MW光伏并网电站为例,计算了其年减排量,并对发电收益和CDM项目收益进行了比较及论证。 相似文献
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光伏发电是我国重要的清洁能源发展战略,也是资产收益扶贫的重要方式.为了探讨光伏发电项目对政策的依赖性及其在经济上的可持续性,采用平准化度电成本(LCOE)模型开展研究,并开发出平准化度电净现值(LNPVE)模型用于研究光伏发电项目的长期经济效益及其影响因素.将上网电价与补贴作为效益指标引入LCOE模型,即得到LNPVE,LNPVE为折现度电收入和折现度电成本之差.LNPVE模型不仅能将政策因素引入经济效益分析中,同时还能考虑效益变动,从而分析光伏发电项目的经济可持续性.以宜昌市长阳土家族自治县渔峡口镇村级光伏扶贫电站项目为案例的分析表明,从LCOE模型结果来看,案例项目能够实现经济效益;然而从LNPVE模型结果来看,现行补贴上网电价下案例项目的长期经济效益仍存在不确定性,且这种不确定性随着光伏发电上网电价补贴“退坡”政策的出台而有所强化.敏感性分析结果表明,影响案例项目经济效益的首要因素是技术因素,其次是政策因素,再者是经济因素.若案例项目以无补贴标杆电价平价上网,则需将单位造价降低19.3%或者年利用小时数提高14.8%;若要进一步实现以燃煤发电上网电价平价上网,则需将单位造价降低97.0%或者年利用小时数提高182.1%.因此,应当针对光伏发电特别是村级光伏扶贫项目实施必要的电价补贴,将补贴“退坡”与提高光伏发电效率相结合,并将有针对性地提高补贴效率作为光伏电价补贴的重点,同时高度重视技术改进及推广应用和运营维护的成本降低及质量提高,以持续实现光伏发电项目的经济效益. 相似文献
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介绍了我国生物质资源利用现状及存在的主要问题,以某电厂利用生物质发电为例,从原燃料的用量、污染物排放情况及环境经济效益等方面进行分析,说明利用生物质发电是节能减排的重要途径。 相似文献
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Kay Damen André Faaij 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2006,11(5-6):1023-1050
Various utility companies are considering or already initiated the import of biomass from abroad for electricity generation, especially via co-firing in coal-fired power plants. This results in international logistic biomass supply chains, which raise questions on the environmental performance of such chains. In this study, a life cycle inventory has been performed on two existing biomass import chains to evaluate the greenhouse gas balance of biomass import for co-firing. We considered production, transport and co-firing of wood pellets from Canada and palm kernel shells from Malaysia in a 600 MW e coal-fired power plant in the Netherlands. Those chains are compared with various reference systems for energy production and the alternative use of biomass. Primary energy savings of these import and co-firing chains are between 70% and 100% of the biomass energy content. Net avoided greenhouse gas emissions are in the range of 340–2100 g/kWh. In the most optimistic scenario, pellet co-firing avoids methane emissions that would have occurred if the pellets were decomposed at landfills when not applied for energy production. In the most pessimistic scenario, palm kernel shell co-firing competes with the application as resource for animal feed production, which requires production and transport of an alternative resource. As the energy reference systems of the importing and exporting country and the alternative application of biomass have a significant impact on the net avoided greenhouse gas emissions, these factors should be considered explicitly when studying biomass trade for energy purposes. 相似文献
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氢燃料电池汽车动力系统生命周期评价及关键参数对比 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
发展氢燃料电池汽车被认为是解决能源安全和环境污染问题的理想解决方案之一,为量化探究氢燃料电池汽车动力系统的化石能源消耗和排放情况,运用GaBi软件建模,以新能源汽车相关技术路线为参考,构建我国氢燃料电池汽车动力系统的数据清单并对其全生命周期化石能源消耗和全球变暖潜值情况进行定量评价计算和预测分析,对不同类型的双极板、不同能量控制策略和不同制氢方式对环境的影响分别进行了对比研究,并对关键数据进行了不确定分析.结果表明,预计到2030年我国每台氢燃料电池汽车动力系统生命周期的化石能源消耗量(ADPf)、全球变暖潜值(GWP,以CO2 eq计)和酸化潜值(AP,以SO2 eq计)分别为1.35×105 MJ、9108 kg和15.79 kg.动力系统生产制造阶段的化石能源消耗和全球变暖潜值均高于使用阶段,主要原因是燃料电池堆栈和储氢罐的制造过程.金属双极板、石墨复合双极板和石墨双极板的制造工艺中石墨复合双极板的综合环境效益最好.能量控制策略的优化会使得氢能消耗降低,当氢能消耗降低22.8%时,动力系统的生命周期化石能源消耗和全球变暖潜值分别降低10.4%和8.3%.相比于甲烷蒸气重整制氢,基于混合电网电解水制氢的动力系统生命周期全球变暖潜值高出53.7%[KG-*6],而基于水电电解水制氢降低39.6%.降低动力系统生命周期化石能源消耗和全球变暖潜值的措施包括优化能量控制策略降低氢能消耗、规模化发展可再生能源发电电解水制氢产业和聚焦突破燃料电池堆栈关键技术实现性能提升. 相似文献
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N. L. Panwar N. S. Rathore 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2009,14(8):711-720
Facing the finiteness of fossil fuels and its associated environmental problems, new prospects to cover energy demand are
urgently required. Energy from surplus biomass can support an essential contribution to a sustainable energy generation. This
paper deals with a case study of surplus biomass available in the Indian state Rajasthan. About 1275 MW electrical power is
possible to generate through biomass gasifier based power generation plant through surplus biomass available in Rajasthan.
About 1656 tonnes of CO2 can be saved annually by installation of 1 MW biomass gasifier based power plant. The techno economic parameter like net
present worth, cost benefit ratio and pay back period are also carried out for this route of power generation and these are
about 1.18 million US$, 1.42 and 8 years and 2 months respectively. 相似文献
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Bioenergy to mitigate for climate change and meet the needs of society,the economy and the environment 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Changes towards environmental improvementsare becoming more politically acceptableglobally, especially in developedcountries. Society is slowly moving towardsseeking more sustainable productionmethods, waste minimisation, reduced airpollution from vehicles, distributed energygeneration, conservation of native forests,and reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions. Modern biomass, when used tosupply useful bioenergy services, has arole to play in each one of theseenvironmental drivers at both the large andsmall scales.This paper describes recent developments inbiomass supply and the technologies for itsconversion to bioenergy including biofuelsfor transport. It examines the economic,environmental and social benefits andidentifies barriers to bioenergy projectimplementation. Future opportunities forbiomass as a carbon (C) sink, a C offsetand a potential source of renewablehydrogen are discussed.Whether or not a bioenergy project iseconomically viable, as well as being trulyrenewable, sustainable and environmentallysound, is determined mainly by the sourceof biomass. The social benefits from usingbiomass are also valuable, though they areoften not clearly presented when proposingnew bioenergy projects or conductinganalyses of existing plants. Employmentrates per MWh or per GJ exceed those whenusing fossil fuel supplies to provide thesame energy service. `Ownership' bystakeholders and local communities at anearly stage in the development process isthe key to successful project developmentin order to share the benefits. Bioenergyhas a significant global role to play inthe mitigation of atmospheric GHG concentrations. 相似文献