完善水污染防治法的法律责任

随着中国经济的迅速发展,水资源污染问题加剧.结合现阶段中国水资源污染状况的突出表现,分析了现在中国的水污染防治法中的法律责任存在的缺陷,从侵权救济、诉讼主体范围、政府方面责任、处罚责任等方面对中国水污染防治法的完善提出了相应的措施.     

我国环境管理中的公众参与

环境保护是我国一项基本国策,是一项全民事业。只有公众的广泛参与,才能实现保护和改善环境的目的。因此,我国非常重视组织广大公众参与环境管理和环境建设。1我国关于公众参与环境管理的法律规定为了保证广大人民群众参与环境管理,我国的有关法律作了明确的规定。根据《宪法》规定,人民有权依照法律规定,通过各种途径和形式管理环境保护事务,并对国家机关的环境保护工作进行监督,对其违法失职行为进行检举或者提出申诉、控告。《中华人民共和国环境保护法》第六条规定：“一切单位和个人都有保护环境的义务,并有权对污染和破坏环…     

面向生态文明的环境法制建设路径探析

面对生态文明,加强环境法制建设是一个十分紧迫和重要的研究课题.根据生态文明的具体内容和实现要求,面向生态文明的环境法制建设基本途径是:(1)以生态文明为终极目标和理想图景确定环境法的法律目的;(2)根据生态文明建设的具体内容和实践需要构建环境法律体系;(3)把生态文明的精神理念转化为环境法律原则,以此指导具体制度建设.     

中国环境法的特点

我国现行的环境法是自1970年末开始、近十多年发展起来的。在这个期间,国家实行以经济建设为中心,坚持改革开放的根本路线,大力发展社会主义民主和健全社会主义法制,把环境保护定为一项基本国策;强调环境保护工作要从自己的国情出发,勇于实践,勇于探索,走适合我国国情的环境保护道路,从而为我国的环境法制建设提供了坚实可靠的实践基础。从国际范围来说,环境保护越来越成为全人类所面临的突出问题,许多国家在环境法制建设方面积累了经验,为我们提供了可以吸取的养料。在这种情况下,我们及时总结和提炼自己的环境管理经验,吸收国外好的做法,使环境法得到了较顺利的发展,并表现出了一系列特点。中国环境法的主要特点有以下几点: (一)我国的环境法是从大环境概念出发     

论环境的行政公益诉讼

中国尚未建立环境的行政公益诉讼,而传统诉讼制度的问题和缺陷日益显露,导致环境得不到很好地保护。根据环境法中关于环境权的理论、公众参与的原则以及公益诉讼的理论,中国应该尽快建立环境行政公益诉讼制度,赋予公众环境的行政公益诉讼资格,使作为公共利益的环境能得到切实的保护和改善。     

环境行政处罚罚款标准的具体化

我国现行的环境行政处罚中，没有规定罚款计算的具体标准，在分析了这种弊端的情况下，提出了就如何实行环境行政处罚罚款标准具体化的建议。     

关于贯彻落实新《条例》的思考

《排污费征收使用管理条例》的实施，将对我国现行的排污费征收和使用管理制度产生深远影响，作者从六方面探讨贯彻落实新《条例》的具体思路、方法和措施。     

现阶段环境违法行为的举报特点及解决途径

通过对徐州市环境违法行为举报特点的分析,归纳出现阶段该类举报上升的原因和环境违法行为举报的构成模式.从宏观政策和微观个案查处上探讨解决环境违法行为举报的途径.     

The Use of the Isotopic Composition of Individual Compounds for Correlating Spilled Oils and Refined Products in the Environment with Suspected Sources

Correlation of crude oils, or refined products, in the environment with suspected sources is typically undertaken through the use of GC and GCMS and in certain cases bulk carbon isotope compositions. However, with crude condensates, or refined products in particular, the absence, or low concentration, of biomarkers precludes their successful use for making unique correlations. An alternative and, sometimes, complimentary technique for correlation of such products is evolving through the use of combined gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GCIRMS). This approach permits determination of the carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition of individual compounds in the crude oil or refined product to produce isotopic fingerprints for use in correlation studies. In this paper, it is proposed to review applications of GCIRMS to the correlation of various spilled products with their suspected sources in different environments. Whilst not proposing that this technique will replace GC or GCMS; it is proposed that GCIRMS is a very powerful tool to be used in conjunction with GC and GCMS to make such correlations. Although isotopic fractionation has been observed in some of the lighter components such as benzene and toluene, higher carbon numbered compounds, say above C 10 , do not appear to undergo any significant isotopic fractionation as a result of weathering. Furthermore with refined products, isotopic fractionation of the lighter components has the potential to demonstrate the onset of natural attenuation of refined products in the environment.     

The Use of the Isotopic Composition of Individual Compounds for Correlating Spilled Oils and Refined Products in the Environment with Suspected Sources

Correlation of crude oils, or refined products, in the environment with suspected sources is typically undertaken through the use of GC and GCMS and in certain cases bulk carbon isotope compositions. However, with crude condensates, or refined products in particular, the absence, or low concentration, of biomarkers precludes their successful use for making unique correlations. An alternative and, sometimes, complimentary technique for correlation of such products is evolving through the use of combined gas chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GCIRMS). This approach permits determination of the carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition of individual compounds in the crude oil or refined product to produce isotopic fingerprints for use in correlation studies. In this paper, it is proposed to review applications of GCIRMS to the correlation of various spilled products with their suspected sources in different environments. Whilst not proposing that this technique will replace GC or GCMS; it is proposed that GCIRMS is a very powerful tool to be used in conjunction with GC and GCMS to make such correlations. Although isotopic fractionation has been observed in some of the lighter components such as benzene and toluene, higher carbon numbered compounds, say above C₁₀, do not appear to undergo any significant isotopic fractionation as a result of weathering. Furthermore with refined products, isotopic fractionation of the lighter components has the potential to demonstrate the onset of natural attenuation of refined products in the environment.     

环境风险评价简介

在概述了环境风险评价的必要性、现状和研究进展的基础上，介绍了环境风险评价研究的有关基本概念以及风险评价的主要内容、方法和步骤，指出风险评价中存在的不足，并在此基础上提出了一些建议。     

Individual Accuracy in Estimating Plume Opacity

The accuracy of individuals to estimate the opacity of black and white plumes in Visible Emission Training Programs is analyzed. The analysis includes new students and individuals returning for recertification. Following a set of drills, students generally have accuracy only slightly lower than those achieving certification. The accuracy of individuals during their initial recertification attempt is virtually the same as the accuracy six months earlier when they passed the certification test. The most important skill to reading opacity is an unshakable mental impression of plumes having 25, 50 and 75 percent opacity.     

中国农村环境问题的法律思考

改革开放以来,随着中国农村经济的快速发展,农村环境问题也日益突出,严重影响了社会主义新农村建设的“生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁、管理民主”目标和要求的实现,阻碍了农村乃至全国经济、社会和环境的协调发展。加强农村环境保护,是新农村建设的当务之急,是全面建设小康社会和构建和谐社会的迫切要求。文中在现有研究的基础上,考察农村环境问题之现状,从法律视角,深入分析农村环境的问题之所在,提出解决农村环境问题的对策,努力探寻一条与中国农村实际相适合的生态环境保护道路。     

Legal Aspects of Vendor Design

This article traces and specifies various recent developments in the legal field which compel cooperation between industrial source operators and equipment vendors. Moreover, suggestions are made as to modes of avoiding costly litigation including the utilization of administrative review procedures for appealing adverse compliance determinations. Finally, an attempt is made to prepare the pollution control equipment vendor for litigation by detailing specific defenses on which the vendor can rely.     

环境风险评价及其在环境管理中的应用

介绍了环境风险评价的基本概念、评价基本步骤、内容和方法,举例说明环境风险评价在环境管理中预防突发事故的应用,并对目前存在的问题和未来的发展趋势作了预测.     

确定大气环境标准方法的探讨

对使用或生产我国尚无环境控制标准污染物质的企业如何管理．经对有关法规、资料的研究，推荐采用确定环境控制标准的方法，以控制这些污染物质的排放及其对环境的影响。     

Individual and combined inhibition of phenol and thiocyanate on microbial activity of partial nitritation

This study evaluated the individual and interactive effect of phenol and thiocyanate (SCN⁻) on partial nitritation (PN) activity using batch test and response surface methodology. The IC₅₀ of phenol and SCN⁻ on PN sludge were 5.6 and 351 mg L⁻¹, respectively. The PN sludge was insensitive to phenol and SCN⁻ at levels lower than 1.77 and 43.3 mg L⁻¹, respectively. A regression model equation was developed and validated to predict the relative specific respiration rate (RSRR) of PN sludge exposed to different phenol and SCN⁻ concentrations. In the range of independent variables, the most severe inhibition was observed with a valley value (17%) for RSRR, when the phenol and SCN⁻ concentrations were 4.08 and 198 mg L⁻¹, respectively. An isobole plot was used to judge the combined toxicity of phenol and SCN⁻, and the joint inhibitory effect was variable depending on the composition and concentration of the toxic components. Furthermore, the toxic compounds showed independent effects, which is the most common type of combined toxicity.