Spatial and vertical variations of perfluoroalkyl substances in sediments of the Haihe River, China

The levels of six perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) in surface sediment and their vertical variations in dated sediment cores from the Haihe River were investigated; studied substances included perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA),perfluorononanoic acid(PFNA),perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS),perfluorodecanoic acid(PFDA),perfluoroundecanoic acid(PFUnA),and perfluorododecanoic acid(PFDoA). Results showed that the total PFAS concentration in surface sediment ranged between 0.52 and 16.33 ng/g dry weight(dw) with an average of3.47 ng/g dw,with PFOS and PFOA as the dominant PFASs. In general,the PFAS concentrations in the mainstream increased from the upper to the lower reaches,except that a drop occurred downstream of the Erdao dam. Although the PFASs in the sediment cores did not show a clear decreasing or increasing trend with depth,the three cores had a similar vertical variation.The PFAS levels were relatively low in the surface sediment,and reached the first high point at8–20 cm as a result of the wide use of PFASs from 1990 to 2000. After that the PFAS levels decreased,and then increased to a second high point at about 40–48 cm,which might be caused by the leaching of PFASs in sediment. Because PFASs have hydrophilic groups and relatively high solubility,the PFASs will transfer from the upper to lower layers of sediment when water infiltration occurs,leading to the fluctuation of PFAS levels in sediment cores. This study suggests that both the temporal variation of sources and transfer processes of PFASs in sediments are important factors influencing the vertical variation of PFASs in sediment cores.     

Occurrence, profiles, and ecotoxicity of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances and their alternatives in global apex predators: A critical review

Certain poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) exhibit significant bioaccumulation/biomagnification behaviors in ecosystems. PFASs, such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and related precursors, have elicited attention from both public and national regulatory agencies, which has resulted in worldwide restrictions on their production and use. Apex predators occupy the top trophic positions in ecosystems and are most affected by the biomagnification behavior of PFASs. Meanwhile, the long lifespans of apex predators also lead to the high body burden of PFASs. The high body burden of PFASs might be linked to adverse health effects and even pose a potential threat to their reproduction. As seen in previous reviews of PFASs, knowledge is lacking between the current stage of the PFAS body burden and related effects in apex predators. This review summarized PFAS occurrence in global apex predators, including information on the geographic distribution, levels, profiles, and tissue distribution, and discussed the trophic transfer and ecotoxicity of PFASs. In the case where legacy PFASs were restricted under international convention, the occurrence of novel PFASs, such as 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA) and perfluoroethylcyclohexane sulfonate (PFECHS), in apex predators arose as an emerging issue. Future studies should develop an effective analytical method and focus on the toxicity and trophic transfer behavior of novel PFASs.     

Association of serum levels of perfluoroalkyl substances with gestational diabetes mellitus and postpartum blood glucose

This study was conducted to examine the association of perfluoroalkyl substance(PFAS)exposure with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) risk and postpartum fasting blood glucose.We used a 1:2 matched case–control study with 84 GDM subjects and 168 healthy pregnant women from Beijing, China. The maternal blood was collected at 1–2 days before delivery, and eight linear isomers and fourteen branched isomers were determined in maternal serum.Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations after adjusting for potential confounders. The median of the sum of levels of total PFASs was 4.24 ng/m L with a interquartile range(IQR) of 2.82–6.54 ng/m L. Although maternal PFAS exposure was not associated with risk of GDM, significant positive associations were observed between evaluated exposure to specific PFAS congeners and increasing blood glucose. The odds ratio(ORs) of the highest category of postpartum fasting blood glucose for perfluoro-1-metylheptylsulfonat(1 m-PFOS), perfluoro-3/4-metylheptylsulfonat(3 m+4 m-PFOS), perfluoro-5-metylheptylsulfonat(5 m-PFOS), and perfluorohexane sulfonate(PFHx S) were 2.03(95% CI: 1.09–3.77), 1.93(95% CI:1.04–3.58), 2.48(95% CI: 1.33–4.65), and 2.26(95% CI: 1.21–4.21), respectively, suggesting negative effects of maternal exposure to specific PFAS compounds on glucose metabolism.     

黄渤海区域水产品中全氟烷基物质的分布特征

选取黄渤海区域水产品生产、消费水平较高的23个城市,采集鱼类、海洋贝类、甲壳类、头足类及海珍品（海参、鲍鱼）等5类水产品共1225个样本,采用超快速液相色谱-串联质谱法测定了23种全氟烷基物质（PFASs）的含量,并分析了黄渤海区域水产品中PFASs的残留水平及分布特征.结果表明,黄渤海区域水产品中PFASs的残留水平具有明显的组分差异、城市分布及品种分布差异等特征.在23种PFASs组分中,共检出20种PFASs,其中全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）的检出率最高,分别为79.1%和71.7%,且PFOA的质量浓度占比最高（64.5%）,为首要污染组分;在不同采样点样本中,莱州湾近岸的潍坊、滨州和东营,渤海湾近岸的沧州以及辽东湾近岸的营口为PFASs总质量浓度（∑PFASs）较高的城市,残留水平范围为10.2~16.8μg/kg;在不同品种样本中,检出PFASs组分的数量由高到低为：鱼类（20种） > 海洋贝类、甲壳类（18种） > 海珍品（16种） > 头足类（10种）,其中海洋贝类、海珍品样本中检出率最高的是PFOA,鱼类、甲壳类样本中检出率最高的是PFOS,而头足类则是全氟辛烷磺酰胺（PFOSA）;通过计算不同水产品中PFASs各组分的平均含量发现,PFOA、PFOS、全氟十一烷酸（PFUdA）和PFOSA在不同品种中平均含量相对较高,且表现出较为明显的组分差异性;通过计算危害指数（HR）评价人体暴露于PFASs的健康风险,得到PFASs各组分的危害指数均 < 1,说明黄渤海区域水产品中残留的PFASs对消费者的潜在健康风险较低.     

渤海油气区周边海域PFASs的赋存特征与来源

为了解我国海上油田区域附近PFASs(多氟或全氟化合物)污染状况,本文针对我国渤海油田区所在海域采集了92个海水样品,并对其中19种PFASs及其新型替代品的含量进行了分析。结果表明,渤海油气区周边海水中总PFASs浓度范围为9.33~113ng/L,与中国其他海域相比,渤海油田区周边海水中总PFASs含量较高。传统PFASs中,全氟辛酸(PFOA)是大部分样品中的主要PFASs。新型替代品中,六氟环氧丙烷二聚酸(HFPO-DA)的浓度相对较高,浓度中位数为1.82ng/L,而在所有样品中6:2氯代多氟醚磺酸(6:2Cl-PFESA)均未检出。从区域分布来看,总PFASs浓度较高的油田位于渤海西部。总PFASs含量与离岸距离等影响因素相关性分析表明,渤海油气区附近海水中总PFASs含量与离岸距离显著相关,说明陆源是渤海油气区中PFASs污染的主要来源。     

大连海域入海污染源中PFASs的赋存、输入通量和季节特征

本文对大连海域入海河流和入海排污口中19种PFASs和2种PFOS新型替代品Cl-PFESAs进行了分析,估算其入海通量,并分析了季节变化特征.结果表明,研究区域入海河流中总PFASs的含量范围为9. 85～757 ng·L~(-1)(浓度中位数为74. 7 ng·L~(-1)),与国内外其他河流相比,大连海域入海河流中总PFASs的含量处于中等或较低水平;入海排污口中总PFASs的含量范围为9. 19～801 ng·L~(-1)(浓度中位数为29. 5 ng·L~(-1)).入海河流和入海排污口中PFASs的主要贡献要素为PFOS和PFOA,其中入海河流、市政污水和污水处理厂出水中总PFASs含量未发现明显的季节差异特征,但工业废水中冬季含量显著高于夏季.计算结果显示,大连海域总PFASs入海通量约123 g·d~(-1)(44. 7 kg·a~(-1)),入海河流和入海排污口的贡献相当.全氟/多氟醚类磺酸化合物(Cl-PFESAs)检出率较低,其中8∶2Cl-PFESA均为检出.     

The occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in fluoropolymer raw materials and products made in China

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), its salts, and related compounds were listed as new persistent organic pollutants by the Stockholm Convention in 2019. In this study, the occurrence of residues of PFOA and other per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in raw materials and fluoropolymer products from the Chinese fluoropolymer industries are reported for the first time. The PFOA concentrations in raw materials and fluoropolymer products were in the range of 6.7 to 1.1 × 10⁶ ng/g, and <MDL (method detection limit) to 5.3 × 10³ ng/g, respectively. Generally, the levels of PFOA in raw materials were higher than in products, implying that PFOA in the emulsion/dispersion resin could be partly removed during the polymerization or post-processing steps. By tracking a company's polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) production line, it was found that over a 5 year period, the residual levels of PFOA in emulsion samples declined from 1.1 × 10⁶ to 28.4 ng/g, indicating that the contamination of PFOA in fluoropolymer products from production source gradually decreased after its use had been discontinued. High concentrations of HFPO-TrA (2.7 × 10⁵ to 8.2 × 10⁵ ng/g) were detected in some emulsion samples indicating this alternative has been widely applied in fluoropolymer manufacturing in China.     

石家庄道路灰尘中全氟/多氟化合物及其新型替代品的污染特征及健康风险评估

为探究石家庄市道路灰尘中全氟/多氟化合物(PFASs)的污染特征,利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)分析主干和次干道路灰尘样品(部分采集于污水处理厂和消防站附近)中包括两类新型替代品在内的22种PFASs.结果表明,PFASs在石家庄道路灰尘中普遍存在,特别是新型替代品——六氟环氧丙烷二聚酸(HFPO-DA)的检出属国内首次.∑PFASs含量范围为2.62～137.65 ng·g^-1,全氟辛酸(PFOA)为主要组分,其次为全氟丁酸(PFBA)、 HFPO-DA和全氟辛基磺酸(PFOS).空间分布上,西北方向PFASs含量水平最高,东南方向最低.污水处理厂和消防站附近道路灰尘中PFASs组成存在明显不同,特别是新型替代品的检出类型.健康风险评估结果显示,道路灰尘摄入对于人体暴露PFASs和其新型替代品的风险相对较低.经口、呼吸道和皮肤接触3种途径中,经口摄入是目标化合物进入人体的主要途径.在同一暴露途径下,儿童的暴露量高于成人.     

岷江流域全氟化合物的污染特征及排放通量

采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱分析了四川省岷江流域水体中13种全氟化合物（PFASs）的浓度水平.结果表明,岷江流域水相中PFASs的浓度为1.54~30.2ng/L,平均值为（11.2±8.0）ng/L,浓度最高点出现在乐山下游（30.2ng/L）.其中,岷江流域水相中最主要的PFASs为全氟丁烷羧酸（PFBA）,浓度为0.16~28.4ng/L,占总全氟化合物的54.0%~94.1%（都江堰除外）.岷江流域沉积物中PFASs浓度最高点在宜宾三江（岷江、金沙江和长江）汇合处（47.5ng/g dw）,最低值在都江堰（0.334ng/g dw）.其中,主要的PFASs是全氟己烷羧酸（PFHxA）（4.44%~66.9%）和全氟辛烷羧酸（PFOA）（1.52%~77.5%）.岷江流域PFASs的年排放通量为1.443t/a,排放通量最高的为PFBA（1.037t/a）,占总排放通量的71.9%.     

Source apportionment of perfluoroalkyl substances in surface sediments from lakes in Jiangsu Province, China: Comparison of three receptor models

Receptor models have been proved as useful tools to identify source categories and quantitatively calculate the contributions of extracted sources.In this study,sixty surface sediment samples were collected from fourteen lakes in Jiangsu Province,China.The total concentrations of C_4–C_(14)-perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(∑_(12)PFASs) in sediments ranged from 0.264 to 4.44 ng/g dw(dry weight),with an average of 1.76 ng/g dw.Three commonly-applied receptor models,namely principal component analysis-multiple linear regression(PCA-MLR),positive matrix factorization(PMF) and Unmix models,were employed to apportion PFAS sources in sediments.Overall,these three models all could well track the ∑_(12) PFASs concentrations as well as the concentrations explained in sediments.These three models identified consistently four PFAS sources:the textile treatment sources,the fluoropolymer processing aid/fluororesin coating sources,the textile treatment/metal plating sources and the precious metal sources,contributing 28.1%,37.0%,29.7% and 5.3% by PCA-MLR model,30.60%,39.3%,22.4% and 7.7% by PMF model,and 20.6%,52.4%,20.2% and 6.8% by Unmix model to the ∑_(12) PFASs,respectively.Comparative statistics of multiple analytical methods could minimize individual-method weaknesses and provide convergent results to enhance the persuasiveness of the conclusions.The findings could give us a better knowledge of PFAS sources in aquatic environments.     

天津市主要河流和土壤中全氟化合物空间分布、来源及风险评价

以全氮化合物(polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFASs)为研究对象,选择渤海湾区域城市化水平较高的典型传统工业城市天津为研究区域,系统采集了水体和土壤样品,并通过固相萃取和高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC/MS-MS)方法,分析了水体和土壤中的PFASs暴露水平.结果 表明,12种PFASs在水...     

乌梁素海流域地表水中全氟化合物分布、来源及其生态风险

全氟化合物(polyfluoroalkyl substances,PFASs)在长期生产和使用过程中会通过多介质扩散和远距离迁移等方式进入环境中.本研究分析了乌梁素海流域丰水期及枯水期采集的地表水样品中17种PFASs,探讨了该地区PFASs 的时空分布特征、潜在来源及生态风险.结果表明,PFASs在所有地表水样品中均...     

Distribution characteristics of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances in the Yangtze River Delta

In this work, a method was developed and optimized for the analysis of polyfluoroalkyl and/or perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) content in surface water and sediment samples with high instrumental response and good separation. Surface water and sediment samples were collected from the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) to analyze the distribution characteristics of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids(PFSAs), perfluoroalkyl phosphonic acids(PFPAs), perfluoroalkyl phosphinic acids(PFPiAs), and polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid diesters(di PAPs). The results showed that the total concentrations of PFCAs and PFSAs in YRD varied from 31 to 902 ng/L. PFCAs(≥ 11 carbons) and PFSAs(≥ 10 carbons atoms) were not detected in any surface water samples. The mean concentrations of all PFCAs and PFSAs in surface water from the sampling areas decreased in the following order:Yangtze river(191 ng/L) ≈ Taihu lake(189 ng/L) Huangpu river(122 ng/L) ≈ Qiantang river(120 ng/L) Jiaxing urban river(100 ng/L). Strong significant(p 0.05) correlations between the concentrations of many of the compounds were found in the sampling areas, suggesting a common source for these compounds. Only perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) was observed in all sediment samples, at concentrations varying from 0.02 to 1.35 ng/g. Finally, detection rates of two di PAPs were only 8% and 10%, respectively and the concentration of di PAPs was two to three times lower compared to PFCAs and PFSAs.     

骆马湖表层水和沉积物中全氟化合物赋存特征、来源及健康风险评估

通过对骆马湖表层水和沉积物的调查检测,分析了两类介质中全氟化合物（PFASs）的组分结构和赋存特征,并运用主成分分析法对表层水中此类物质的来源进行了解析,运用风险商法评估了此类物质的潜在健康风险,结果表明,骆马湖表层沉积物中总计检出14种PFASs,而其表层水中较之前者多检出1种（PFTeA）;表层水中■范围为46.09～120.34ng·L^-1,沉积物中■范围为2.22～9.55ng·g^-1;表层水中质量分数最高的为PFPeA,为38%,沉积物中质量分数最高的为PFBA,为61%,骆马湖多介质中PFASs组分均以短链物质为主;骆马湖表层水中PFASs的高浓度区域集中分布在北部河流入湖口,其浓度呈现由北向南递减的趋势,沉积物中PFASs的高含量区域则向南迁移;骆马湖沉积物中的∑PFASs、 PFBA和PFOS的分布情况与沉积物中TOC含量有关;主成分分析表明骆马湖表层水中PFASs主要来自纺织品阻燃、橡胶品的乳化、食品包装过程和纸类表面处理,金属电镀行业,皮革和纺织品制造行业;骆马湖表层水中PFASs处于较低健康风险水平.     

贵州草海湿地溶解性有机物的光谱特征及其与PFASs的相关性分析

为描述草海湿地DOM（dissolved organic matter,溶解性有机物）荧光特征,探究其对PFASs（per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,全氟及多氟化合物）环境行为造成的影响,利用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术和三维荧光光谱技术,结合平行因子分析,开展DOM光谱学特性研究,分析ρ（DOM）与ρ（PFASs）的相关关系.结果表明:①草海湿地中共解析出3类4种荧光组分,分别为类腐殖酸[λ_Ex（360 nm）/λ_Em（450 nm）]、长波段腐殖质[λ_Ex（400 nm）/λ_Em（510 nm）]、类富里酸[λ_Ex（330 nm）/λ_Em（400 nm）]和类色氨酸[λ_Ex（280 nm）/λ_Em（350 nm）],贡献率分别为48.6%、23.6%、22.9%和4.9%,其中类腐殖质总贡献率高达72.2%.在农业生产和人类活动的影响下,总荧光强度大致呈现从入湖区向出湖区逐渐降低、湖心区略高的趋势.②在草海湿地表层水中共检出了12种PFASs,ρ（PFASs）为233.18 ng/L,每种平均值为19.43 ng/L,PFBA（perfluorobutanoic acid,全氟丁酸）是主要污染物;草海湿地入湖区点源影响特征明显,生活污水和农业生产用水是主要的潜在污染源.③相关性分析结果显示,各荧光组分含量均与ρ（PFBS）（potassium perfluorobutanesulfonate,全氟丁烷磺酸）负相关;类色氨酸含量与ρ（PFHpA）（perfluororoheptanoic acid,全氟庚酸）负相关,与ρ（PFTriDA）（perfluorotrideanoic acid,全氟十三酸）则显著正相关.研究显示,草海湿地水体腐殖化程度高,外源特征明显,共检出12种PFASs,初步揭示了草海湿地水环境中ρ（DOM）与ρ（PFASs）的相关关系,其受水体性质及化合物结构等差异的影响,有待进一步开展深入研究.      

黄河中游(渭南-郑州段)全/多氟烷基化合物的分布及通量

本研究收集黄河中游(渭南—郑州段)表层水样品,利用高效液相色谱质谱串联的方法分析了水相和颗粒相中的28种全氟和多氟烷基化合物(PFASs).结果表明,水相和颗粒相中Σ28PFASs的含量分别为18.4~56.9 ng·L~(-1)和26.8~164ng·g~(-1)(以干重计).水相和颗粒相中以全氟己酸(PFHx A)为主要污染物,分别占总含量的27%和16%,且3H-全氟-3-(3-甲氧基丙氧基)丙酸(ADONA)、氯代多氟醚基磺酸(6∶2和8∶2 Cl-PFESA)在颗粒相均有检出,表明PFASs替代品的生产和使用逐渐增多.PFASs在水相-颗粒相中的lg Kd变化范围为2.95±0.553(PFPe A)~3.85±0.237(8∶2 FTUCA),颗粒物吸附氟调聚羧酸(FTCAs)和不饱和氟调聚羧酸(FTUCAs)的能力随碳链长度的增长而增加,全氟烷基磺酸(PFSAs)较全氟烷基羧酸(PFCAs)更容易被颗粒物吸附.黄河郑州—渭南段PFASs的通量呈现先降低后增加的趋势,表明该河段接纳了来自上游及支流的污染输入.此外,结果表明水相中的PFASs通量大于颗粒相.     

沱江流域典型及新兴全氟/多氟化合物的污染特征及来源解析

为研究沱江流域表层水中全氟/多氟化合物（PFASs）的污染特征和来源,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）分析了沱江48个表层水样中的PFASs.结果表明,沱江流域水体中ρ（ΣPFASs）为12.5~3789 ng·L^-1,其中全氟辛烷羧酸（PFOA）为最主要污染组分,ρ（PFOA）为9.97~3764 ng·L^-1,占比高达73.6%~99.8%,说明传统PFASs仍是沱江流域主要的PFASs.所涉新兴PFASs检出率最高的为F-53B,检出率达100%,F-53B已在沱江流域被广泛使用.沱江流域浓度最高的新兴PFASs为6：2氟调聚磺酸（6：2 FTS）［nd~27.3 ng·L^-1,平均值为（9.12±7.70） ng·L^-1］,与国内外其它河流相比,处于较高污染水平.工业园区附近采样点的PFASs污染水平较高,其次为沱江下游的泸州河段,说明氟工业园区排放和人类日常生产活动是造成沱江流域PFASs污染的主要影响因素.最后,通过估算得出,沱江流域水相向长江排放的PFASs通量为353 kg·a^-1,其中排放通量最高组分为PFOA （348 kg·a^-1）,可为沱江流域PFASs管控提供基础数据.     

四川省不同地区自来水中全氟化合物的污染特征及健康风险评估

采用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪分析了四川省10个地区自来水中12种全氟化合物(perfluoroalkyl substances, PFASs)的含量,其中全氟化合物浓度水平最高的是宜宾地区,∑PFASs为41.2 ng·L~(-1),浓度水平最低的是绵阳地区,为4.17 ng·L~(-1).全氟辛烷羧酸(perfluroroocantanoic acid,PFOA)是四川地区自来水中主要的PFASs,占总全氟化合物的28%～89%(宜宾地区8.6%),其次为全氟己酸(perfluorohexanoate,PFHxA)、全氟辛烷磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonate, PFOS)和全氟壬酸(perfluorononanoate,PFNA),这表明自来水中的主要污染物为中短碳链(C≤10)的全氟化合物.另外,通过计算PFASs的危险商值(risk quotients, RQ),发现四川地区自来水中PFOA、PFOS、PFHxS、PFBS和PFHxA的风险商值均小于1,不会对当地居民带来直接的健康风险.     

成都市道路积尘中全氟化合物的污染特征及暴露风险评估

为了解成都市道路积尘中全氟化合物(PFASs)的污染特征及人群暴露风险,采用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪分析了成都市道路积尘中12种PFASs的含量水平.成都市道路积尘中PFASs的含量为0. 95～111 ng·g~(-1),平均含量为(25. 6±37. 2)ng·g~(-1),说明存在较大的空间差异性.主干道路上PFASs的总含量显著高于支干道路,支干道路市区含量高于郊区含量.解放路一段、金牛坝路及水碾河路段主要的全氟化合物为全氟丁烷羧酸(PFBA),比例高达95%.而其它道路中主要的PFASs为全氟辛烷羧酸(PFOA,24. 8%)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS,24. 1%),说明不同区域PFASs的污染源存在较大差异.成都市儿童和成人通过道路积尘摄入的PFASs分别为0. 168 ng·(kg·d)-1和0. 028 ng·(kg·d)-1,说明儿童暴露风险高于成人,应加强对儿童健康风险的关注.另外,根据欧盟推荐的每日最大耐受量,道路积尘中PFOS和PFOA的暴露量不会对成都市居民造成即时伤害.     

饮用水处理过程中全氟化合物的分布、转化及去向

全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFASs)存在于地表水、自来水甚至商业饮用水中,对人类健康构成威胁.在以太湖为源头的某大型饮用水处理厂(DWTPs)中研究了14种PFASs的检出和转化.结果表明,共有10种PFASs在水样中被检测到,说明PFASs在饮用水中分布广泛.原水中的PFASs总浓度为127.4ng·L^-1,其中最高浓度为全氟辛酸(PFOA, 49.8ng·L^-1).预臭氧会导致PFASs的浓度反向升高,这可能是由于前体物的存在或由短链向长链进行转化导致.常规处理工艺无法有效去除PFASs, O₃-BAC在DWTPs的处理过程中对PFASs的去除(20.74%)具有主导作用.O₃-BAC作为DWTPs的主要去除工艺,其反冲洗水中含有浓度较高的PFASs,分布特征与原水相似.利用中试装置,对比了5种常见的滤池反冲洗水处理工艺,结果表明,GAC-超滤可以在保证浊度较高去除率(99.08%)的基础上,吸附并截留一定量的PFASs.从三维荧光分析可得,GAC-超滤也可去除大部分荧光微污染物,对于原水含有较高浓...