浙江北部一次爆发式发展重度大气污染的气象特点和成因

基于全国空气质量指数和PM_(2.5)监测、常规气象观测、浙江省6种主要大气污染物和自动气象监测、宁波镇海激光雷达、美国国家环境预报中心GDAS和欧洲中期天气预报中心ERA-interim再分析等多种资料,对2017年12月30日―2018年1月1日浙江北部一次爆发式发展大气污染事件气象特点及成因进行分析,应用HYSPLIT4模式进行粒子后向轨迹分析.结果表明:PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)质量浓度在浙江省表现出明显的爆发性增长和自西北向东南传输的特征,污染程度自浙北向浙中、浙南逐渐减轻,重度污染时浙北大范围出现2000 m以下的重度霾,污染粒子主要来自上游的安徽和江苏省.大气污染爆发式发展与冷空气有关,1000 m以下边界层内冷空气偏弱,但足以将盛行风改变为西北风,是污染物粒子输送的动力条件,污染粒子集中在该层内,层内没有下沉运动,因此水平风场对污染事件爆发有决定性作用;1000 m以上层次冷平流表现明显,且伴有下沉运动,抑制了边界层粒子的垂直扩散,对污染事件的发展和维持有间接影响.激光雷达的消光系数变化不仅与污染物粒子浓度变化有关,还与气象条件密切相关.污染物粒子质量浓度通量散度的变化对预报粒子浓度的增减有较好的参考作用.     

边界层方案对山西冬季一次静稳天气PM_(2.5)浓度模拟的影响

准确的空气质量数值预报模式依赖于精确的气象条件模拟,尤其依赖于大气边界层的准确模拟.为理解边界层过程如何影响空气污染物的传输与混合,利用WRF-Chem模式不同边界层方案(YSU和MYJ)进行敏感性试验,针对山西冬季典型静稳天气,对地面温度场、地面风场、PM_(2.5)浓度及边界层内部的动力和热力层结进行模拟分析,并与观测资料进行对比,分析不同PBL方案对于气象要素和PM_(2.5)浓度分布的模拟能力,探讨边界层内部热力层结和湍流输送差异对PM_(2.5)浓度模拟的影响.结果表明:2种边界层方案均能较好模拟出冬季静稳天气背景下地面温度、风速及PM_(2.5)浓度的空间分布和日变化特征,气温模拟的较大误差主要出现在夜间,而地面风速和PM_(2.5)浓度的模拟结果在午后误差较大;相对于YSU方案,局地MYJ方案模拟的温度、风场和PM_(2.5)浓度的误差更小,模拟结果更接近于实况观测.地面PM_(2.5)浓度的模拟误差可能与近地面逆温层、混合层及地面风速等的模拟误差有关;不同边界层参数化方案导致的边界层内热力层结和湍流输送的模拟差异,可能是影响近地面PM_(2.5)浓度模拟差异的主要原因;夜间MYJ方案逆温层厚度较厚,地面PM_(2.5)模拟浓度较低;午后MYJ方案混合层高度较低,加之地面风速较弱,导致地面PM_(2.5)模拟浓度较高.     

北京市冬季雾霾天人体呼吸高度PM2.5变化特征对气象因素的响应

依据实测北京冬季人体呼吸高度PM_(2.5)质量浓度、湿度、风速、风向、温度数据,利用相关性分析、非线性回归分析、统计分析,分别探讨轻中度空气污染天、一次重污染过程,气象因子对PM_(2.5)质量浓度生成、变化的影响.结果表明:1轻中度污染天,若温度较低、日平均风速较小,湿度大时,湿度是影响PM_(2.5)质量浓度变化的决定性因素;而温度、风速、湿度均较大时,PM_(2.5)质量浓度变化受三者共同作用;当风速、湿度、温度均较小时,PM_(2.5)质量浓度变化主要受前两者影响.这反映出,人体呼吸高度的PM_(2.5)质量浓度变化对气象因子微小变化响应极为敏感.2一次空气质量从良到重度污染的过程中,PM_(2.5)质量浓度积累主要是由于空气湍流较弱、加之湿度大导致的,此外白天西北风、东北风较大,但持续时间短,而夜间东南风、西南风风速较小,持续时间长,也有利于污染物的累积.3短时微小量降雪使温度降低、空气湿度增加,不仅不能降低PM_(2.5)质量浓度,反而使其上升了72%,造成颗粒物浓度的跃升现象.4短时风速较大,风速达到2.0 m·s~(-1),持续2 h,虽然在一定程度上降低局地PM_(2.5)质量浓度,但并不能彻底改变空气质量状况.只有当风速大于3.5 m·s~(-1),且持续4 h以上,才能够迅速地扩散空气中的细颗粒物,空气质量由重度污染转变为优.     

福州市区大气污染物质量浓度时空分布特征分析

利用2014年2月1日—2015年1月31日福州市区6个国控空气质量监测站点CO、SO_2、NO_2、O_3、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)逐时监测数据,综合分析了福州市区大气污染物污染水平及其时空分布特征。结果表明:福州市区首要污染物为PM_(10),且SO_2、CO污染程度极低,6个站点质量浓度超标率均未超过10%,其中鼓山站的空气质量最优,达到国家一级标准的概率超过了50%。在污染物质量浓度日变化曲线中发现,只有O_3呈单峰形态,峰值出现在14:00左右,通过对污染物的"周末效应"分析,发现CO、PM_(2.5)工作日质量浓度显著高于周末。     

深圳市PM_(2.5)浓度特征及统计预报研究

根据2015年1—12月深圳市城区11站点PM_(2.5)小时浓度监测数据,探讨了深圳市PM_(2.5)浓度的时空分布特征。结果显示:监测期间深圳市城区PM_(2.5)平均浓度为29.8μg/m~3,PM_(2.5)平均浓度整体呈现出:冬季>秋季>春季>夏季的特征,PM_(2.5)质量浓度日变化整体呈现出双峰型分布,午后12:00—16:00浓度较低。空间分布上,年均浓度从东南至西北方向依次升高,梯度特征明显。PM_(2.5)浓度与PM_(10)呈高度相关,与SO_2、NO_2、CO呈显著正相关,与O_3呈实相关。相邻城市间空气污染物浓度呈现出一定的相关性,区域污染突出。建立的PM_(2.5)回归统计模型对深圳市2015年PM_(2.5)临近预报的级别准确率在70%以上,能较好地反映PM_(2.5)浓度变化趋势。     

大气污染特征研究及臭氧污染个例分析——以深圳市龙华区为例

根据深圳市龙华区观澜子站空气质量监测数据,对龙华区近年来空气质量状况、主要大气污染物浓度时间变化特征、气象条件和污染物浓度相关性,以及典型臭氧(O_3)污染过程进行了分析。结果表明龙华区空气质量以优良为主,空气质量指数(AQI)超标日中,O_3浓度超标天数最多,其次依次是PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和二氧化氮(NO_2)。PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和NO_2在秋冬季的浓度最高,春季次之,夏季最低;而O_3浓度则在夏秋季最高,春季次之,冬季最低。除O_3(日间浓度高于夜间浓度)以外,PM_(2.5)、PM10和NO_2晚间浓度高于日间浓度。此外,相关性研究表明,颗粒物污染以细颗粒物为主,O_3(8 h)和NO_2与颗粒物浓度均呈正相关性。由于地域差异的存在,O_3(8 h)和颗粒物浓度的相关性在不同地域表现也不同。同时,大气污染物浓度与气象条件和人为排放源的相关性较高。     

哈尔滨市2016年春节期间空气质量时空变化特征

利用2016年2月7-13日春节期间哈尔滨市11个监测站点空气质量监测数据,分析春节期间6种主要污染物时空特征,并与非燃放期间进行对比,进一步分析污染物的时空变化,同时结合气象降雪数据,探讨降雪天气对空气污染物造成的影响。结果表明:哈尔滨市春节期间空气污染物7 d平均浓度,PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)污染最严重的区域为香坊区,NO_2污染最严重的区域为阿城区,SO_2污染最严重的区域为道外区,CO和O_3污染严重的区域为平房区;在除夕夜期间,烟花爆竹燃放对PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和SO_2浓度的短期影响极大,空气质量在短时间内迅速恶化,甚至成倍增长,在初一凌晨时浓度达到最大值,但对NO_2、CO和O_3的影响较小;烟花爆竹的燃放对空气中不同污染物的影响程度有所区别,对气态污染物SO_2的贡献程度最大,其次,对大气粗颗粒物的贡献程度大于细颗粒物;降雪天气对空气污染物具有去除效应,其中,对大气粗颗粒物去除效应高于大气细颗粒物,而对气态污染物有较小影响。从空间上看,降雪天气对于城市边缘、城郊等区域的大气颗粒物的去除效应高于城市中心区域。     

清洁大气背景下贵阳空气质量变化及气象作用

利用贵阳市2013~2016年空气质量监测及气象观测资料进行分析,研究云贵高原城市空气变化及气象影响作用.结果表明:近4a贵阳区域SO_2、NO_2、O_(3_8h)、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和CO年平均浓度分别为(20.78±19.71),(28.32±9.59),(107.59±27.54),(67.56±34.32),(42.53±24.52)μg/m3和(0.74±0.22)mg/m~3,除SO_2浓度接近或超出我国中东部城市之外,其它污染物均表现为相对清洁水平;地面O_3浓度逐年明显上升,但其它大气污染物水平均呈逐年下降趋势,且呈现与我国中东部一致的空气质量年际、月际和日变化特征.各功能区污染物区域差异明显,颗粒物和SO_2、NO_2、CO浓度水平表现为工业区居民区郊区,O_3浓度呈现为郊区居民区工业区的特征,表明人为活动对空气质量的影响.近4a O_3与PM_(2.5)夏季白天呈显著正相关,冬季显著负相关,反映了云贵高原城市空气质量的复合污染特性.大气污染物浓度与温度、边界层高度、太阳直接辐射和气压的相关性显著,而与相对湿度和风速相关性较弱,这不同于中东部地区风速主导大气污染物水平变化的特征.云贵高原夏季作为主要雨季,小雨和中雨量级降水对PM_(2.5)吸湿增长较弱,中雨以上降水对PM_(2.5)具有清除作用;而在PM_(2.5)浓度较高和干冷的冬季,小雨的PM_(2.5)吸湿增长明显,中雨以上降水对PM_(2.5)清除显著.     

典型西南工业城市柳州市核心区大气污染物时空分布与气象因素研究

为研究柳州市核心区大气污染物浓度时空变化规律与气象因素之间的关系,统计分析了2018年全年研究区内6个自动监测站点PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_2、NO_2、O_3和CO的浓度监测数据和气象站气象数据,并对28次超标日污染物来源进行了解析.结果显示:①核心区颗粒污染物污染较为严重,且以PM_(2.5)为主的细颗粒污染物仍为柳州市主要的大气污染物;各污染物月均浓度季节差异显著,除NO_2外柳州大气污染物浓度下降明显,指示柳州市多项节能减排综合整治措施成效显著;PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、CO受早晚高峰期影响,浓度日变化均呈双峰型;NO_2在不同季节峰型不同,作为O_3前体物其浓度日变化与O_3相反,呈现"早峰午谷"的变化趋势.②通过对污染物浓度插值发现,由于核心区主要工商业区位于西部且处于主导风向下风向,故PM_(2.5)和SO_2浓度西北高、东南低,PM_(10)、NO_2和CO浓度西南高、东北低;核心区东部的山区为O_3生成带来大量前体物,使O_3浓度东南高、西北低.③由于气候特征,核心区春、夏季主要气象因素均为降水量;秋季的主要气象因素是风速,风速与污染物的负相关关系表明了风的扩散效应;冬季大部分污染物与气象因素的相关性不显著,表明人为因素对污染物的影响大于气象因素;核心区大气污染物主要来源于局地排放和区域传输,且南北主导风向对大气污染影响最大.④HYSPLIT模型结果指示柳州超标日大气污染物主要来自于珠三角地区,且陆源颗粒物浓度普遍比海洋源高,来自南部的远距离输送气流颗粒物含量最低,表明远距离输送为影响颗粒物传播的主要原因.     

恩施州城区空气污染特征及成因分析

该文利用2018-2020年恩施市环境监测站同时段PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_2、NO_2、O_3、CO每日质量浓度监测资料,以及每日空气质量指数(AQI)资料,分析了近3年来恩施市的环境空气污染现状与成因。恩施州的主要污染物有PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、O_3,最高浓度可达到65.03、96.87、109.13μg/m~3;恩施州空气质量指数为优、良、轻度污染、中度污染、重度污染的出现概率分别为50.69%、43.82%、4.57%、0.64%、0.27%,无严重以上污染日出现;气象条件对恩施州的空气质量有较大影响,PM_(2.5)浓度与月降水和月平均气温呈典型负相关,温度和降水量升值最高在7月时,PM_(2.5)的质量浓度降至最低11.61μg/m~3。研究发现,恩施州的空气质量变化程季节性变化,冬季空气质量最差,夏季最好;空气质量变化具有春节效应。结果可为恩施州的空气污染防治提供有效依据。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.