Adsorption of naphthalene onto a high-surface-area carbon from waste ion exchange resin

A high-surface-area carbon (KC-1) was prepared from waste polystyrene-based ion exchange resin by KOH activation and used for naphthalene adsorption. The carbon exhibited a good hydrophobic nature with developed porous structure, favoring the adsorption of organic compounds. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and total pore volume of KC-1 were 3442.2 and 1.68 cm 3 /g, respectively, which can be compared with those of KOH-activated carbons prepared from other precursors. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption of naphthalene onto KC-1. The equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Polanyi- Manes isotherms and agreed with the Polanyi-Manes Model. The adsorption of naphthalene depended greatly on the porosity of the carbon, and the dispersive interactions between naphthalene and carbon could be relatively weak. The pH variation in aqueous solution had little effect on the adsorption process. The equilibrium time for 0.04 g/L of carbon dose was around 5 hr. Different models were used to evaluate the kinetic data and the pseudo second-order model was suitable to describe the kinetic process of naphthalene adsorption onto KC-1. Regeneration of spent carbon could be carried out effectively by alcohol treatment. The results indicated that KC-1 was a promising adsorbent for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solutions.     

碱铜联合改性珠状活性炭及其对甲苯的吸附机理

为了提高活性炭吸附材料对非极性污染物的吸附性能,采用碱[（NaOH溶液）联合铜（Cu（CH₃COO）₂溶液]对珠状活性炭（beaded active carbon,BAC）进行改性,利用BET、SEM、Boehm滴定和FT-IR对改性前后的活性炭进行表征,并采用动态吸附法和Yoon-Nelson吸附理论模型研究了不同改性方法对活性炭吸附甲苯穿透曲线、饱和吸附量的影响及吸附机理.结果表明:改性后BAC表面不规则的孔隙增多,比表面积和微孔容积减少,平均孔径变化不显著,表面Cu含量明显升高;不同浓度碱铜联合改性后BAC对甲苯的吸附性能均提高,当NaOH溶液浓度为8 mol/L、Cu（CH₃COO）₂溶液质量分数为0.5%时,联合改性效果最好,此时改性后BAC对甲苯的饱和吸附量较改性前增加了50.9%,吸附穿透时间延长了342.9%,吸附平衡时间延长了77.4%.研究显示:较高浓度的碱联合较低浓度的铜溶液对活性炭改性,能显著提高吸附甲苯性能;改性后BAC对甲苯的吸附性能受自身孔隙结构和表面官能团的共同影响,且表面酸性官能团影响显著,表面金属铜与甲苯的结合作用是主要的吸附过程.      

Activated carbons derived from oil palm empty-fruit bunches： Application to environmental problems

Activated carbons derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches （EFB） were investigated to find the suitability of its application for removal of phenol in aqueous solution through adsorption process, Two types of activation namely; thermal activation at 300, 500 and 800℃and physical activation at 150℃ （boiling treatment） were used for the production of the activated carbons. A control （untreated EFB） was used to compare the adsorption capacity of the activated carbons produced from these processes. The results indicated that the activated carbon derived at the temperature of 800℃ showed maximum absorption capacity in the aqueous solution of phenol. Batch adsorption studies showed an equilibrium time of 6 h for the activated carbon at 800℃. It was observed that the adsorption capacity was higher at lower values of pH （2-3） and higher value of initial concentration of phenol （200-300 mg/L）. The equilibrium data fitted better with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm compared to the Langmuir. Kinetic studies of phenol adsorption onto activated carbons were also studied to evaluate the adsorption rate. The estimated cost for production of activated carbon from EFB was shown in lower price （USD 0.50/kg of activated carbon） compared the activated carbon from other sources and processes.     

Removal of phenol by activated carbons prepared from palm oil mill effluent sludge

The study was attempted to produce activated carbons from palm oil mill effluent （POME） sludge. The adsorption capacity of the activated carbons produced was evaluated in aqueous solution of phenol. Two types of activation were followed, namely, thermal activation at 300, 500 and 800%, and physical activation at 150% （boiling treatment）. A control （raw POME sludge） was used to compare the adsorption capacity of the activated carbons produced. The results indicated that the activation temperature of 800℃ showed maximum absorption capacity by the activated carbon （POME 800） in aqueous solution of phenol. Batch adsorption studies showed an equilibrium time of 6 h for the activated carbon of POME 800. It was observed that the adsorption capacity was higher at lower values ofpH （2--3） and higher value of initial concentration of phenol （200--300 mg/L）, The equilibrium data were fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The adsorption of phenol onto the activated carbon POME 800 was studied in terms of pseudo-first and second order kinetics to predict the rate constant and equilibrium capacity with the effect of initial phenol concentrations. The rate of adsorption was found to be better correlation for the pseudo-second order kinetics compared to the first order kinetics.     

改性活性炭对水中PFOS的吸附去除研究

分别用FeCl3及中功率微波对煤质和椰壳2种粉末活性炭进行改性.序批式实验研究了活性炭改性前后对全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)的吸附特性.结合活性炭改性前后表面化学官能团和孔结构的变化特征,探讨了不同改性方式对PFOS吸附去除的影响效应以及天然有机物中的主要组成成分腐殖酸对PFOS在原炭及改性炭上的竞争吸附效应.结果表明,Fe3+及中功率微波处理对煤质炭和椰壳炭的孔结构和表面性质都有影响,但变化趋势不同.椰壳活性炭经Fe3+及中功率微波改性后对PFOS的吸附量明显提高,而煤质活性炭经改性后对PFOS的吸附量出现下降.改性椰壳活性炭与原炭吸附PFOS达到吸附平衡的时间基本相同,均为6 h左右.在腐殖酸存在下,改性椰壳炭对PFOS的吸附量因竞争吸附而有所下降,但改性炭的吸附量仍明显高于原炭.     

高分子固体废物基活性炭对有机染料的吸附解吸行为研究

分别以3种高分子固体废物,即轮胎橡胶、聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)为原料,利用KOH活化法制备高比表面积活性炭.通过吸附实验研究了活性炭对2种有机染料(亚甲基蓝和甲基橙)的吸附、解吸行为,同时探讨了溶液pH值、离子强度和表面活性剂对吸附的影响.结果表明,PVC和PET基活性炭比表面积分别为2 666和2 831 m2.g-1,中孔容积分别为1.06和1.30 cm3.g-1,15 min内对亚甲基蓝和甲基橙的去除率分别高达98.5%和97.0%、99.5%和95.0%,且Langmuir模型拟合的染料最大吸附量均超过2 mmol.g-1,显著高于商业活性炭F400.Langmuir模型比Freundlich模型能更好地描述2种染料的吸附行为,说明吸附以表面单层覆盖为主.溶液pH值、离子强度和表面活性剂对染料吸附均有较大影响.制备的高分子基活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附强于甲基橙,2种染料均不容易发生解吸.实验结果可为高分子固体废物的资源化利用、制备经济高效的碳质吸附材料提供科学依据.     

蜂窝活性炭与沸石分子筛对涂装VOCs废气的吸脱附性能对比

选取工业涂装VOCs废气作为试验对象,以蜂窝活性炭和沸石分子筛为吸附剂,设计固定床小试装置进行VOCs吸脱附试验。结果表明：蜂窝活性炭的碘值、比表面积、总孔容及微孔孔容均大于沸石分子筛,分别是沸石分子筛的1.79,2.93,1.55,2.02倍;相同脱附温度、进气风速条件下,VOCs从蜂窝活性炭表面脱附更容易,其脱附时间远低于沸石分子筛;相同反应条件下,蜂窝活性炭对VOCs的饱和吸附量明显高于沸石分子筛,但沸石分子筛的饱和吸附量受反应温度和VOCs浓度的影响相对较小;循环吸脱附10次后,蜂窝活性炭和沸石分子筛对VOCs的吸附率分别下降为第1次时的71.35%和81.15%,沸石分子筛的吸脱附性能更为稳定;蜂窝活性炭饱和吸附量大、脱附时间快,适用于宽负荷、低风量、中高浓度VOCs废气处理;沸石分子筛空气动力学及循环吸脱附性能较好,适用于处理初始温度相对较高、中低浓度VOCs废气。     

大孔弱碱性树脂对2,4-二硝基苯酚吸附性能的研究

研究了2,4-二硝基苯酚在D301大孔弱碱树脂上的吸附性能。结果表明:在283～313K和研究的浓度范围内,吸附行为符合Freundlich和Langmuir等温式,D301树脂对2,4-二硝基苯酚的平衡吸附容量为235.9mg/g,动态吸附容量为121.3mg/g。用质量分数为10%的氢氧化钠溶液作脱附剂,温度333K,体积为6BV(床体积)时,脱附率为89.2%,树脂脱附再生后可反复使用,并回收2,4-二硝基苯酚。     

3种典型多孔高温改性固废材料对磺胺二甲嘧啶的吸附特性

以畜禽粪便、农作物秸秆和采煤废弃物这3种典型多孔固体废料为原料,用低氧控温炭化法制成牛粪炭和秸秆炭以及用煅烧后的煤矸石炭对磺胺二甲嘧啶(SMZ)进行批处理吸附实验.通过吸附动力学和等温吸附平衡研究牛粪炭、秸秆炭和煤矸石炭对SMZ的吸附特性,并结合FE-SEM、 FT-IR、 Boehm滴定、 BET及Zeta电位滴定分析表征手段探讨了其吸附机制.结果表明, 3种炭材料对SMZ的吸附在24 h时基本达到平衡. 3种炭材料对SMZ的吸附动力学均符合准二级动力学方程,R~2在0.996 8～0.999 9之间,吸附速率随着炭材料表面有效吸附位点的减少而减小.吸附过程主要由膜扩散、颗粒内扩散和平衡阶段这3个步骤组成,颗粒内扩散和膜扩散共同控制吸附速率.等温吸附数据更符合Freundlich模型,R~2在0.987 4～0.999 7之间,主要为物理吸附,是自发的放热反应. 3种炭材料的最大吸附量依次为牛粪炭(19.64 mg·g~(-1))煤矸石炭(12.06 mg·g~(-1))秸秆炭(9.16 mg·g~(-1)).SMZ在3种炭材料上的吸附机制主要有:分子间的氢键作用、多分子层的表面静电吸附作用和孔隙填充等.其中,静电吸附为主要吸附机制.牛粪炭吸附性能最佳可能是由于其具有较为丰富的含氧官能团、较多的负电荷和较大的比表面积和孔容.     

活性炭吸附处理黄磷化工渗滤液研究

研究了颗粒活性炭对黄磷化工渗滤液中有机物的吸附容量、吸附热力学和动力学。结果表明:颗粒活性炭对渗滤液中有机物的吸附容量几乎不受渗滤液pH值的影响,吸附45min后基本达到平衡。吸附等温线更符合修正的Freundlich模型,表明实验中的吸附主要是多分子层的吸附。拟二级动力学模型能更好的定量描述有机物在颗粒活性炭上的吸附过程,速率常数k2=0.12128g/(mg·min),平衡吸附量qe=5.78748mg/g。