金华市人为源大气污染物排放清单

该文基于对金华市大气污染排放源的摸底调查,基础数据收集和分析,结合国内外的研究结果,采用"自下而上"为主的排放系数法,建立了2013年金华市人为源大气污染物排放清单。该清单涉及的污染物包括SO_2、NO_x、CO、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、VOC和NH_3。人为污染源种类包括电厂源、工业源、移动源、扬尘源、VOC相关源及其他污染源,农业源,居民生活源等。结果表明,金华市2013年大气污染源SO_2排放总量约为3.83万t,NO_x约为7.75万t、CO约为12.50万t、PM_(10)约为4.10万t,PM_(2.5)约为1.88万t、VOC约为7.66万t、NH_3约为2.63万t。从排放源的分担率来看,工业源是金华市大气污染物的最主要的排放源之一,对SO_2、NO_x、CO、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的贡献分别达到了67.31%、34.42%、30.39%、53.02%和50.95%。同样,道路移动源的贡献也不容忽视,对NO_x、CO、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的贡献分别达到了42.84%、34.13%、3.31%、6.55%。电厂锅炉、道路扬尘、工业溶剂使用、畜禽养殖对不同污染物分别有着重要贡献。电厂锅炉对SO_2、NO_x、CO的排放量分别贡献了29.06%、17.89%、9.73%。道路扬尘对PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的贡献分别为25.68%和18.01%。工业溶剂对于VOC的贡献为32.65%。NH_3主要来自畜禽养殖,占了66.57%。该人为源大气污染物排放清单可为当地的污染防控提供重要的基础信息。     

长株潭区域机动车尾气排放清单及特征分析

通过建立2012年长株潭区域机动车尾气排放清单,分析了区域内机动车尾气排放特征,研究了排放的时空分配因子,并对清单进行了不确定性分析。结果表明:2012年长株潭区域道路机动车尾气CO、HC、NO_x、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、VOCs、NH_3排放量分别约为11.86、1.78、3.88、0.23、0.26、2.52、0.06万t。其中,载货汽车是NOx、PM、PM2.5的主要贡献源,载客汽车和摩托车是CO主要贡献源,摩托车是VOCs的主要贡献源,而载客汽车是NH3的主要贡献源。国I前标准车辆对CO、HC、VOCs的贡献率分别约为33.5%、31.8%、53.9%,国I标准车辆CO、HC、NO_x、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、VOCs、NH_3的贡献率分别约为38.6%、40.4%、47.4%、54.1%、54.1%、17.1%、16.2%,均高于车辆保有量的占有率,因此控制尾气排放应从国I前、国I车入手。此外,一周中工作日,每天08:00和17:00排放量占比较大,城区的空间分配因子明显高于郊区及乡镇区域,城镇居民使用车量对机动车尾气排放量影响较大。道路机动车排放清单估算过程中不确定性主要来自活动水平数据,尤其是平均行驶里程的选取上。     

中国国道和省道机动车尾气排放特征

近年来,随着我国机动车保有量的持续增长,机动车排放已成为我国重要的大气污染物来源之一.现有的机动车排放研究多关注城市内的机动车大气污染物排放,针对城市间的大气污染物排放研究较少.我国城市间交通道路主要包括国道和省道,截止至2015年我国国道里程18.53万km、省道里程32.97万km,约占全国等级公路总里程的13%,因此开展我国国道和省道机动车大气污染物排放研究十分重要.本研究基于全国国道和省道交通监测站的年均监测数据,采用环境保护部发布的《道路机动车大气污染物排放清单编制技术指南(试行)》中的指导方法,计算了2015年我国国道和省道机动车的大气污染物排放清单,分析了污染物排放的时空分布特征.结果表明,我国国道和省道公路机动车排放的一氧化碳(CO)、氮氧化物(NO_x)、颗粒物(PM)和碳氢化合物(HC)排放量分别占全国机动车污染物总排放量的4.5%、27.9%、14.4%和7.7%;不同车型对国道和省道机动车大气污染物排放的分担率不同,其中大货车是NO_x、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)的主要来源,摩托车是CO和HC的主要来源;不同道路类型中各车型的大气污染物排放分担率也不同,如高速路上大货车是NO_x、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的主要来源,普通道路上大客车和大货车是NO_x、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的主要来源.     

基于交通流的成都市高分辨率机动车排放清单建立

提出一种基于交通流监测数据的道路机动车高分辨率排放清单建立方法,对成都市道路交通流特征进行分析并建立了成都市机动车尾气高分辨率排放清单.结果表明,成都市道路车流量及排放均呈现明显的"双峰"分布,早晚高峰时段机动车通行量占全天的39.85%,车队结构中排放标准以国Ⅳ车为主,车辆类型以小型车为主,燃料类型以汽油车为主;道路机动车SO_2、NO_x、CO、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、BC、OC和VOCs(不含驻车蒸发)日排放量分别为3.89、 162.08、 324.11、 4.79、 4.36、 1.89、 0.78和44.37 t,空间分布整体呈现从城市中心到外围排放强度逐渐降低趋势,时间分布基本呈现"双峰"分布,颗粒物相关指标受货车流量影响较大; NO_x、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、BC和OC主要来源为大型柴油车,CO主要来源为小型汽油车,其中大型车对NO_x的贡献率达80%;基于保有量的计算方法对成都市道路机动车污染物排放存在一定高估,高估比例在1%～30%.     

广州市机动车尾气排放特征研究

文章利用COPERT IV模型计算广州市机动车尾气排放因子,结合机动车保有量和构成,获得2008年广州市机动车尾气排放总量并对排放因子的速度敏感性,以及不同车型、不同排放标准、不同燃料类型机动车排放特征进行了分析。结果表明:2008年广州市机动车CO、NOX、VOC和PM的排放总量分别为138 772.42 t、80 868.69 t、24 907.26 t和3 171.97 t。摩托车和小客车是CO和VOC的主要贡献车型,贡献率总和分别达到78.31%和70.52%;而作为NOX和PM的主要贡献车型,大客车和重型货车的贡献率总和分别达到78.94%和83.72%。国0标准机动车排放水平高于其他排放标准的车型,CO和VOC的排放分担率接近于保有量比例的2倍。汽油车是CO和VOC的主要贡献车型,其排放贡献率超过80%;而PM排放主要以柴油车为主;柴油车的NOX排放总量高,接近于汽油车的2倍。     

北京市机动车尾气排放因子研究

通过调研北京市机动车车型构成、车辆行驶工况、环境温度、油品品质等基础数据,利用COPERTⅣ模型计算了机动车尾气中CO、NOx、HC和PM的排放因子.应用车载测试系统对典型轻型汽油客车和柴油货车的实际道路排放因子进行测量,并将测量结果与模型计算结果对比,结果发现国Ⅳ标准下,轻型汽油客车的CO排放因子的实测数据是模型数据的0.96倍,NOx的实测数据是模型数据的0.64倍,HC的实测数据是模型数据的4.89倍.对于国Ⅲ排放标准的柴油货车,轻型、中型和重型货车的CO排放因子,实测数据分别是模型数据的1.61、1.07和1.76倍,NOx排放因子的实测数据是模型数据的1.04、1.21和1.18倍,HC排放因子的实测数据是模型数据的3.75、1.84和1.47倍,PM排放因子则为模型数据是实测数据的1.31、3.42和6.42倍.     

南昌市固定燃烧点源大气污染物排放清单及特征

大气污染物排放清单是了解区域污染物排放特征、准确模拟空气质量的重要资料,而工业点源是大气污染的重点排放源.通过收集相关活动水平信息和合理的排放因子,采用"自下而上"的方法建立了南昌市2014年点源大气污染物排放清单.结果表明,SO_2、NO_x、CO、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)和VOC排放总量分别为29576.2、17115.1、25946.6、4689.4、922.9和1190.4 t,其中,金属炼制行业对SO_2、CO和VOC的贡献最高,分别占37.75%、30.59%和38.45%;火电行业是NO_x的主要来源,其贡献率为47%;水泥等建材制造行业对PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)排放贡献最高,分别为26%和25%.根据排放源污染物排放量及地理坐标信息,建立了0.4 km×0.4 km的污染物排放量空间分布特征图,结果表明,南昌市大气污染物排放较为集中,青山湖区北部和新建区北部是SO_2、NO_x、CO和VOC的主要排放区,而PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的排放量相对分散,并在安义县出现排放高值区.通过将计算结果与统计数据结果进行对比,了解所估算清单的准确程度.对SO_2和NO_x的计算值和统计值进行统计分析,结果显示,NMB(标准化平均偏差)和NME(标准化平均误差)值均小于50%,清单计算精度较高.同时,为了解清单数据质量,对清单的不确定性进行定量分析,结果显示,SO_2和VOC不确定性较低而PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的不确定性相对较高,清单整体不确定性与其他研究结果相差不大.建议后期研究可以从提升基础数据质量和建立具有区域代表性的排放因子数据库着手,从而减小排放量的不确定性,获得精准可靠的大气污染物清单并应用于空气质量模型预报等更深入的研究.     

长三角城市群机动车污染物排放清单建立及特征研究

为研究长三角城市群机动车污染物排放特征,本研究应用COPERTⅣ模型估算1999—2017年长三角城市群机动车污染物CO、NMVOC、NO_x、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、CO_2、CH_4、N_2O、NH_3和SO_2排放因子,建立排放清单,并对其排放特征展开分析,结果表明:1999—2017年不同污染物时间变化趋势存在差异,污染物CO、NMVOC、NO_x、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和CH_4排放量呈现先增长后下降的趋势,但开始下降的年份不同,CO_2和NH_3排放量增长趋势显著,2017年相对于1999年分别增加621%和3925%,N_2O和SO_2排放量总体呈上升趋势并在特定年份下降明显;污染物排放空间分布与路网分布基本一致,沿海地区的排放强度要明显大于内陆地区,特别是长江下游、杭州湾和太湖附近的城市最为明显;轻型客车为污染物CO、NMVOC、CO_2、CH_4、N_2O和NH_3的主要贡献车型,重型货车和重型客车为污染物NO_x、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和SO_2主要贡献车型;长三角城市群各城市机动车污染物排放量的差别主要与各城市机动车保有量有关,上海市各污染物贡献率下降幅度明显,机动车污染物主要贡献城市除了省会城市和直辖市之外,其余城市的污染物排放也不容忽视.     

廊坊市区主要大气污染源排放清单的建立

通过调研、统计廊坊市区工业、城中村及机动车等资料,结合以往清单文献研究结果及清单编制指南中的排放因子,计算了廊坊市区主要大气污染物的排放量,得到廊坊市区2014年主要大气污染源排放清单.结果显示,2014年廊坊市区工业源(固定燃烧)NO_x、SO_2、NMVOC、CO、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)排放总量分别为6.4×10~3、1.2×10~4、31、1.0×10~4、7.3×10~2、4.4×10~2t,其中热电行业排污贡献率最高,分别占NO_x、SO_2、CO、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)工业源(固定燃烧)年排放总量的55%、48%、67%、63%、69%;安次区工业企业对气态污染物贡献较高,广阳区及开发区工业企业对颗粒物排污贡献较大.低矮面源(城中村)NO_x、SO_2、NMVOC、CO、PM10、PM_(2.5)年排放总量分别为1.8×10~2、3.6×10~3、3.0、4.9×10~3、1.5×10~2、72 t.道路移动源CO、HC、NO_x、PM_(2.5)年排放总量分别为2.4×10~4、1.9×10~3、2.2×10~3、44 t,其中小型客车对HC和CO贡献率较高,分别为53%和61%;NO_x年排放总量中26%由重型货车贡献;PM_(2.5)则主要由轻型货车和重型货车贡献,占比分别为39%和21%.     

沈阳市国三和国四排放标准不同车型柴油车PM2.5和PM10排放因子及碳组分源谱

柴油车是机动车排放的大气颗粒物的主要来源,为研究沈阳市柴油车PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的排放因子及其碳组分排放特征,采用检车线车载测试方法采集了15辆国三和国四排放标准的小型、中型、大型载客和轻型、中型、重型载货柴油车尾气样品,并对其中的碳组分进行化学分析.结果表明,国三柴油车PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的排放因子分别为(0. 193±0. 092) g·km-1和(0. 338±0. 305) g·km-1,国四柴油车PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的排放因子分别为(0. 085±0. 038) g·km-1和(0. 100±0. 042) g·km-1,随排放标准的提升PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)排放因子显著下降.同一排放标准下,排放因子随车型的增大而增大. TC为柴油车的主要组分,国四柴油车中TC的质量分数(23%～48%)明显低于国三柴油车(29%～70%).各车型柴油车元素碳(EC)的质量分数均大于有机碳(OC),OC/EC为0. 70±0. 29,且国四柴油车OC/EC值低于国三柴油车.因载客汽车总行驶里程明显高于载货汽车导致油耗较高,相同排放标准载客汽车OC和EC的质量分数高于载货汽车.国三、国四柴油车质量分数最高的碳组分均为EC2,可将EC2作为柴油车的标识组分.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.     

Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.     

Organochlorine pesticides in soils under different land usage in the Taihu Lake region, China

A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, ΣDDX (DDD, DDE and DDT) had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by ΣHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and α-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT in soils under three land usages were: paddy field ＞ tree land ＞ fallow land, indicating that land usage inlfuenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT ＞1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes.     

Sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions

The contribution of aliphatic-rich plant biopolymer to sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds is significantly important because of their preservation and accumulation in the soil environment,but sorption mechanism is still not fully understood.In this study, sorption of 1-naphthol by plant cuticular fractions was examined to better understand the contributions of respective fraction.Toward this end,cuticular materials were isolated from the fruits of tomato by chemical method.The tomato cuticle sheet consisted of waxes (6.5 wt%),cuticular monomer (69.5 wt%),and polysaccharide (24.0 wt%).Isotherms of l-naphthol to the cuticular fractions were nonlinear (N value (0.82-0.90)) at the whole tested concentration ranges.The KodKow ratios for bulk cuticle (TC1),dewaxed cuticle (TC2),cutin (TC4),and desugared cuticle (TC5) were larger than unity,suggested that tomato bulk cuticle and cutin are much powerful solption medium.Sorption capability of cutin (TC4) was 2.4 times higher than the nonsaponifiable fraction (TC3).The 1-naphthol interactions with tomato cuticular materials were governed by both hydrophobic-type interactions and polar (H-bonding) interactions. Removal of the wax and polysaccharide materials from the bulk tomato cuticle caused a significant increase in the sorption ability of the cuticular material.There was a linear negative trend between K_(oc) values and the amount of polysaccharides or fraction's polarities ((N O)/C);while a linear positive relationship between K_(oc) values and the content of cutin monomer (linear R~2=0.993) was observed for present in the cuticular fractions.Predominant sorbent of the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in the plant cuticular fraction was the cutin monomer,contributing to 91.7% of the total sorption of tomato bulk cuticle.     

Alterations of organ histopathology and metallolhionein mRNA expression in silver barb, Puntius gonionotus during subchronic cadmium exposure

Common silver barb,Puntius gonionotus,exposed to the nominal concentration of 0.06 mg/L Cd for 60 d,were assessed for histopathological alterations(gills,liver and kidney),metal accumulation,and metallothionein(MT)mRNA expression.Fish exhibited pathological symptoms such as hypertrophy and hyperplasia of primary and secondary gill lamellae,vacuolization in hepatocytes,and prominent tubular and glomerular damage in the kidney.In addition,kidney accumulated the highest content of cadmium,more than gills and liver.Expression of MT mRNA was increased in both liver and kidney of treated fish.Hepatic MT levels remained high after fish were removed to Cd-free water.In contrast,MT expression in kidney was peaked after 28 d of treatment and drastically dropped when fish were removed to Cd-free water.The high concentrations of Cd in hepatic tissues indicated an accumulation site or permanent damage on this tissue.     

Seed selections for crystallization of calcium phosphate for phosphorus recovery

Seed induces and promotes the crystallization of calcium phosphate, and acts as carrier of the recovered phosphorus （P）. In order to select suitable seed for P recovery from wastewater, three seeds including Apatite （AP）, Juraperle （JP） and phosphate-modified Juraperle （M-JP） were tested and compared. Batch and fixed-bed column experiments of seeded crystallization of calcium phosphate were undertaken by using synthetic wastewater with 10 mg/L P phosphate. It shows that AP has bad enduring property in the crystallization process, while JP has better performance for multiple uses, and M-JP is a hopeful seed for P recovery by crystallization of calcium phosphate.