生物表面活性剂逆胶束中漆酶催化性能的研究

对一种新型生物表面活性剂逆胶束中漆酶的催化性能进行了研究.以鼠李糖脂(RL,阴离子生物表面活性剂)为表面活性剂,异辛烷和正己醇为溶剂和助表面活性剂,构建逆胶束,分别考察了有机相组成、RL浓度、逆胶束体系含水率W0、缓冲溶液酸碱度及盐浓度等因素对该逆胶束体系中漆酶催化性能的影响.结果表明,当逆胶束有机相正己醇/异辛烷体积比为1:1.8,RL浓度为13mmol/L,体系含水率W0为42,缓冲溶液pH5.0,KCl浓度为10mmol/L时,该体系中漆酶具有较好的活性及稳定性.对比试验显示,与化学表面活性剂AOT逆胶束相比,RL逆胶束能使漆酶表现出较高的活性及稳定性,说明与传统化学表面活性剂相比生物表面活性剂在构建逆胶束酶体系上的具有一定的优越性.     

柴油微乳体系对生物油增溶性能研究

利用鼠李糖脂(RL)为表面活性剂,不同碳链长度正构醇为助表面活性剂构建柴油逆胶束体系,进而研究了该体系对模拟生物油的增溶性能.以单位柴油逆胶束增溶生物油的量为评价指标,研究了生物油和柴油的体积比B/D、醇的种类、醇与表面活性剂的质量比C/R及表面活性剂的浓度对生物油增溶性能的影响,并对最佳增溶条件下获得的生物油/柴油微乳体系进行了性能分析,包括元素分析、傅里叶红外分析、热稳定性和燃料产品指标分析等.当生物油与柴油的体积比B/D为3:7,RL浓度为15g/L,助表面活性剂选用正庚醇且醇与表面活性剂的质量比C/R为2.0时,柴油微乳体系增溶生物油的量最大,性能较佳.     

鼠李糖脂逆胶束体系中纤维素酶的后萃研究

采用生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂(rhamnolipid,RL)构建RL/异辛烷/正己醇的逆胶束体系,并研究了该体系中纤维素酶后萃过程的影响因素.分别考察了后萃水相pH值、振荡时间、离子种类和强度以及添加短链醇对纤维素酶的后萃率和酶活回收率的影响.结果表明,后萃水相最佳pH值为7.0,振荡时间以30 min为最佳,后萃水相中离子强度以0.15 mol·L-1KCl最佳,正丁醇的最佳添加量为2%.在最佳实验条件下,纤维素酶的后萃率和酶活回收率分别可以达到76.22%和93.39%.生物表面活性剂RL构建的逆胶束体系对纤维素酶的后萃效果较佳,且RL具有高生物降解性,低临界胶束浓度等优点,应用前景广阔.     

不同反胶束体系萃取纤维素酶的条件优化对比研究

采用3种不同的表面活性剂双(2-乙基己基)磺基琥珀酸钠AOT、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵CTAB及鼠李糖脂RL)溶于正己醇/异辛烷相构建不同的反胶束体系,并对比研究了不同反胶束体系萃取纤维素酶的优化条件.分别探讨了水相pH值、表面活性剂浓度、离子强度和离子种类对纤维素酶萃取效率的影响.实验结果如下:在实验条件下,AOT、CTAB和RL 3种反胶束体系水相最佳pH值分别为3.0、8.0和3.0;表面活性剂最佳浓度依次为:AOT 23.7mmol/L、CTAB 15mmol/L和RL 2.75mmol/L;水相中NaCl浓度会影响纤维素酶的萃取率,3种表面活性剂构建的反胶束体系萃取纤维素酶的萃取率均随着盐离子浓度的增大而降低;水相中离子种类也会影响纤维素酶的萃取率.比较不同反胶束体系在最佳条件下萃取纤维素酶的最佳萃取率:CTAB>AOT>RL.     

木素过氧化物酶的逆胶束纯化研究

采用一种新型的逆胶束体系对木素过氧化物酶(LiP)进行了纯化.在此逆胶束体系中,以鼠李糖脂(RL,一种阴离子生物表面活性剂)作为表面活性剂,异辛烷和正己醇分别作为非极性有机溶剂和助表面活性剂(体积比为1:1),分别考察了RL浓度、振荡时间及水相的离子强度和pH值等因素对LiP的前萃取和后萃取过程的影响.结果表明,在前萃过程中,水相的最佳pH值为3.0,RL和KCl的最适浓度分别为2.75mmol/L和0.04mol/L,振荡时间以30min为最佳(200r/min);在后萃过程中,水相的最佳pH值为6.0,KCl的最适浓度为0.5mol/L.在上述最佳条件下,LiP的酶活回收率(AR)和纯化倍数(PF)分别高达93%, 2.9倍.电泳分析结果进一步证实LiP的纯化效果较佳.     

逆胶束体系中纤维素酶解特性研究

通过采用几种不同属性类型的表面活性剂构建逆胶束体系,以羧甲基纤维素为底物,研究了纤维素酶解的特性.通过电导率的测量,确定由CTAB、SDS、Tween-80和鼠李糖脂构造的逆胶束体系的最大增溶水量W0(W0=[H2O]/[SA])分别为15.2、20.1、2.3和40.3.在此条件下,考察了不同表面活性剂浓度和不同纤维素酶用量对逆胶束体系酶解行为的影响,并与水溶液体系的酶解反应进行对比.结果表明,单位底物条件下,纤维素酶用量为0.15 FPU/g,CTAB、SDS、Tween-80和鼠李糖脂浓度均为1 cmc时,逆胶束体系酶解产量最高,其中鼠李糖脂体系产量可达198.03 mg,分别比CTAB、SDS和Tween-80体系高了10.89%、31.09%和45.30%.CTAB、SDS、Tween-80和鼠李糖脂浓度为1 cmc时,其逆胶束体系酶解产量比水溶液体系分别高了34.36%、21.24%、11.44%和34.62%.在最佳表面活性剂浓度条件下单位底物酶用量为5 FPU时,逆胶束体系酶解反应从经济和糖产量方面考虑均为最适合.生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂体系的产量高于3种化学表面活性剂体系,说明生物表面活性剂在构建逆胶束体系及增强逆胶束稳定性能上具有特殊的潜力.     

漆酶的逆胶束萃取条件优化的研究

研究了生物表面活性剂逆胶束体系萃取纯化漆酶的后萃的过程.在此逆胶束体系中,表面活性剂采用一种阴离子生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂(rhamnolipid, RL),溶剂采用异辛烷.分别考察了4种不同离子种类(NaCl, NaBr, KCl和KBr)与不同浓度、4种不同助溶剂种类(正丁醇,正己醇,正庚醇及正辛醇)与不同比例、乙醇的含量以及温度对漆酶的后萃过程的影响.结果表明,0.25mol/L KCl或0.20mol/L KBr能够得到较好的萃取效果;在四种助溶剂中,正己醇(比例为0.5)和正庚醇(比例为0.5)效果比较好;乙醇加入量为9%效果最优;最适宜温度为35℃.在上述条件下,漆酶的酶活回收率和纯化倍数分别高达90%,4.7倍.电泳分析结果进一步证实了漆酶的纯化效果较好.研究证明鼠李糖脂逆胶束萃取酶类具有广阔的应用前景.     

表面活性剂增强黑磷纳米片复合溶液体系分散稳定性研究

黑磷纳米片(black phosphorus nanosheets,BPNSs)因其特有的尺寸厚度和二维结构特点,在光电、化学、生物传感以及农业领域已有广泛的应用.由于其具有较大的比表面积和比表面能,所以黑磷纳米片悬浮在液体中易团聚下沉.基于此,本研究以去离子水为分散介质,选取4种表面活性剂为分散剂,包括一种阳离子型表面活性剂-十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide,CTAB),一种非离子型表面活性剂-喜威77(silwetL-77),两种阴离子型表面活性剂-十二烷基苯磺酸钠(sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate,SDBS)和鼠李糖脂(rhamnolipid,RL),分别复配出四类表面活性剂-BPNSs溶液体系,通过测定动态光散射(dynamic light scattering,DLS)和UV-Vis光谱考察该体系在不同浓度下对BPNSs分散稳定性的影响.结果表明：(1)4种表面活性剂在其临界胶束浓度(CMC)附近的范围内均能提高BPNSs悬浮液的分散稳定性,但在高于临界胶束浓度情况下阳离子型和非离子...     

铜绿假单胞菌S6分泌的生物表面活性剂特性

研究了1株铜绿假单胞菌S6(Pseudomonas aeruginosa S6)分泌的生物表面活性剂的理化性质.该生物表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度为50mg·L-1,此时其表面张力为29.3mN·m-1.pH值对S6产表面活性剂有一定影响,在中性及弱碱性条件下,S6长势较好且表面活性剂表面张力较低.该生物表面活性剂对菲具有非常明显的增溶效应,使水中菲的溶解度增加了约23倍.原油的加入有利于S6产表面活性物质.与原油的相互作用说明该生物表面活性剂能够乳化原油且维持乳化液稳定性于80%以上;原油浓度为6%～8%时,能达到最佳乳化效果.HPLC-ESI-MS分析检出该生物表面活性剂含有13种鼠李糖脂同系物.     

几种表面活性剂对柴油及多环芳烃的增溶作用

研究表面活性剂在多种柴油HOCs(疏水性有机物)组分共存条件下对PAHs(多环芳烃)的增溶作用.选用阴离子表面活性剂LAS(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)和SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠),非离子表面活性剂TX 100(曲拉通X-100)和TW 80(吐温80)及生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂和烷基糖苷,评价表面活性剂对柴油的增溶效果,并筛选出LAS,TX 100和鼠李糖脂,进行柴油中PAHs的增溶试验.结果表明,表面活性剂对柴油增溶作用顺序为鼠李糖脂> TX 100 >烷基糖苷> TW 80> LAS>SDS.在多种柴油组分共存条件下,PAHs的表观溶解度与表面活性剂浓度具有良好的线性关系.表面活性剂对柴油中PAHs的增溶作用顺序为鼠李糖脂> TX 100 > LAS.鼠李糖脂具有较低的临界胶束浓度和较复杂的分子结构,能够形成更多、更大的胶束,有利于柴油及PAHs的增溶.      

复配逆胶束体系中漆酶催化性能研究

在由鼠李糖脂和Tween-80构建而成的复配逆胶束媒介研究了漆酶的催化性能.采用紫外法考察了Tween-80摩尔含量、逆胶束含水量、水相酸碱度、水相盐度以及助表面活性剂种类等反应条件对漆酶催化性能的影响.研究结果表明,反应的最佳条件:Tween-80的摩尔含量为30%,体系含水量为20,缓冲溶液pH为4.5,KCI浓度为70mmol/L,助表面活性剂正己醇.并且在最佳条件下,漆酶在复配逆胶束体系中的酶活比在单相鼠李糖脂逆胶束中高1.44倍,比在水溶液中高4.35倍,研究结果表明复配表面活性剂在构建胶束酶学上具有很大的潜力.     

Stimulatory effects of biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BSZ-07 on rice straw decomposing[G1]

Biosurfactant, produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BSZ-07, was added to the rice straw decomposing process to enhance the production of reducing sugars. Observed by Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance [G2](NMR) analysis, the purified biosurfactant was considered as a mixture of RL1 and RL2, which are two different types of rhamnolipids. Two different adding methods, adding the purified rhamnolipid and the on-site production of it were compared. The results showed that 0.5 g/L was the optimum concentration for adding purified rhamnolipid and the optimum temperature for on-site production was 30℃ for the first 48 h and 34℃ for the next 48 h. Under the optimum conditions, these two adding methods could improve the production of reducing sugar to 2.730 g/L and 2.504 g/L, which was 22.30% and 12.20% higher than that of the rhamnolipid-free sample, respectively, which indicated that both of them were more effective than any other kind of surfactant discussed in this article. As the on-site production of rhamnolipid could omit the purification process, thus reducing the production cost effectively, it seemed to be a prospective adding method of the biosurfactant for enhancing rice straw decomposing.     

正反胶束体系中木素过氧化物催化氧化藜芦醇条件优化

对比研究了单鼠李糖脂(RL)构建的反胶束和胶束体系中木素过氧化物酶(Lip)催化氧化藜芦醇(VA)的各主要影响因素,同时探讨了疏水性底物VA在非均相反胶束介质中的分区系数.结果表明:在30℃下,在RL/异辛烷-正己醇(V:V,1:1)/水反胶束体系中,Lip能保持较高活性的最佳介质条件是:pH=3.8,[RL]=10mmol/L,w0=15.0,[H2O2]=74μmol/L,这不同于RL胶束介质中的最佳催化条件: pH=3.4, [RL]=0.012mmol/L, [H2O2]=2.45mmol/L.在最佳催化条件下,Lip的半衰期达40h,催化活力是胶束水相中的2.86倍.根据两相模型及相应的动力学方法计算得出VA主要增溶于反胶束拟相中,其在反胶束拟相和有机相间的分区系数为70.4.分区系数的确定对于进一步讨论RL反胶束体系中Lip催化氧化VA的动力学机制而言具有重要意义.     

Stimulatory e ects of biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BSZ-07 on rice straw decomposing

Biosurfactant,produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BSZ-07,was added to the dee straw decomposing process to enhance the production of reducing sugars.Observed by Fourier Transform InfraRed(FT-IR)and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR)analysis, the purified biosurfactant was considered as a mixture of RL1 and RL2,which are two different types of rhamnolipids.Two different adding methods,adding the purified rhamnolipid and the on-site production of it were compared.The results showed that 0.5 g/L was the optimum...     

Stimulatory effects of biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BSZ-07 on rice straw decomposing

Biosurfactant,produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BSZ-07,was added to the dee straw decomposing process to enhance the production of reducing sugars.Observed by Fourier Transform InfraRed(FT-IR)and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR)analysis, the purified biosurfactant was considered as a mixture of RL1 and RL2,which are two different types of rhamnolipids.Two different adding methods,adding the purified rhamnolipid and the on-site production of it were compared.The results showed that 0.5 g/L was the optimum...     

Removal of a type of endocrine disruptors-di-n-butyl phthalate from water by ozonation

Ozonation of synthetic water containing a type of endocrine disruptor-di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） was examined. Key impact factors such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, ozone dosage and initial DBP concentration were investigated. In addition, the activities of radicals on uncatalysed and catalysed ozonation were studied. The degradation intermediate products were followed and the kinetic of the ozonation were assessed as well. Results revealed that ozonation of DBP followed two mechanisms. Firstly, the reaction rate of direct ozonation was slower at lower pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Secondly, when these factors were increased for indirect radical reaction, higher percentage of DBP was removed with the increase of the initial ozone dosage and the decrease of the initial DBP concentration. In addition, tea-butanol, humic substances and Fe（Ⅱ） affected DBP ozonation through the radical pathway. It was determined that ozonation was restrained by adding tea-butanol for its radical inhibition effect. Furthermore, humic substances enhanced the reaction to some extent, but a slight negative effect would be encountered if the optimum dosage was exceeded. As a matter of fact, Mn（Ⅱ） affected the ozonation by ＂active sites＂ mechanism. In the experiment, three different kinds of intermediate products were produced during ozonation, but the amount of products for each one of them decreased as pH, temperature, ionic strength and initial ozone dosage increased. A kinetic equation of the reaction between ozone and DBP was obtained.