城市环境保护满意度及案例分析

公众对城市"创建环境保护模范城市"活动的过程与结果是否认可与满意,是"创建环境保护模范城市"的最终衡量标准.针对现行环境保护满意率调查问卷存在问题.根据"创建环境保护模范城市"的目标,重新设计了调查新问卷.调查指标包括城市环境质量、政府环境保护工作等方面,采用随机抽样方法,抽取样本1 610份.结果表明,城市环境保护满意度可以作为城市环境状况和政府环境保护工作绩效的一种评估方法;满意度对人们可感知的环境质量评估效果较好;不同群体满意度间差异较大,应制定有针对性的环境保护政策,提高政策效率;城市环境保护满意度评估是对以环境质量监测数据为主的城市环境质量评估的必要补充.     

国家环保总局解振华局长考察浙江环保工作

国家环保总局解振华局长在参加全国部分省、市、区环保局老领导座谈会和部分省市环保局 (厅 )长座谈会期间 ,先后赴宁波、台州、温州等地考察浙江的环保工作。在宁波 ,解局长检查了月湖景区、中山广场等环境综合整治情况 ,听取了市政府关于创建环保模范城市的工作汇报 ;高度赞扬了宁波市近几年来城市面貌的变化 ,对市委、市政府高度重视城市环境建设给予充分肯定。他说 ,环境保护实际上就是生产力 ,希望宁波争取成为中国 2 1世纪第一个国家环保模范城市。在台州 ,解局长考察了浙江华海药业集团有限公司 ,对该公司在创造巨大经济效益的同时 ,…     

通化市创建国家环境保护模范城市期间主要水污染物削减对策的研究

分析了通化市主要污染物排放现状及其创建国家环境保护模范城市(简称创模)的基础条件。预测了2013-2015年通化市农业源、城镇生活源、工业源新增的COD及氨氮排放量,在削减空间有限的条件下,结合环境统计数据分析,合理测算新增项目削减潜力。提出了通化市在创模的3年里,应以重点工业企业深度治理、生活污水设施扩建以及畜禽养殖干清粪工艺改造等为抓手,扎实推进污染物减排工作,以期达到创模考核的目标要求。     

积小步不停步几年跨出一大步——走出固体废物环境管理的"宁波模式"

"书·藏古今,港·通天下"--位于东海之滨的宁波市是我国首批沿海对外开放城市、计划单列市和全国15个副省级城市之一,也是全国历史文化名城、国家园林城市、国家优秀旅游城市、国家卫生城市、国家环保模范城市和全国首批文明城市.近年来,在宁波市委、市政府的领导下,全市各级各部门解放思想,抢抓机遇,在国民经济持续快速健康发展、城市综合实力显著提升的同时,环境保护工作也全面得到加强,特别是固体废物环境污染防治工作取得了长足的进步.     

破解大型化工集聚区“创模”难题亚洲第一大化工区走上“创模”路

规模位居亚洲第一的金山化工区日前和上海市金山区政府签订同创共建国家环保模范城区的协议书，这将破解大型化工集聚区开展“创模”工作的难题，有望从根本上解决金山区以及杭州湾北岸地区的化工污染和环境风险问题，为上海市创建国家环保模范城市做出贡献。     

环境污染问题对资源型城市发展的制约与应对策略分析

资源型城市经济快速发展的同时,存在的环境污染问题均较为严重.为维持城市经济的可持续发展,资源型城市实施战略转型势在必然,在这个过程中,环境保护必须纳入转型战略整体规划中.以"钢都"攀枝花为例,分析了资源型城市发展中的环境制约因素,强调在转型战略中应充分考虑环境保护和生态恢复等问题,并提出循环经济、清洁生产等是攀枝花市资源型城市战略转型中可采取的缓解环境危机、实现经济与环境协调发展的有效措施.     

试论城市发展与环境问题

城市是一个国家或地区政治、经济和文化活动的中心.随着经济的发展,特别是工业的发展,使资源和能源在城市地区集中或转换,同时产生大量废物.由此改变了原来的自然生态平衡,形成了城市特有的生态系统,加重了环境污染,直接影响和危害人民的生产和生活.因此,城市环境问题是当代一切国家面临的重大问题之一.各国城市环境问题既有共同性,又有特殊性.如何根据我国国情,借鉴外国的经验,探讨我国城市环境保护的途径是极待认真研究的课题. 城市环境问题主要是大气和水环境的污     

中国流域水环境保护规划体系设计

现行与流域水环境保护相关的规划很多,但是由于各地区、各部门协调不足,规划间没有明确的关系,缺乏接口和控制,规划内容不统一,致使流域水环境保护规划没有形成体系。基于流域水环境保护相关规划存在的问题和当前的政府管理体制,提出了由国家流域水环境保护总体规划、小流域水环境保护规划、城市水环境保护规划和大点源水污染物减排规划构成的流域水环境保护规划体系。明确了该体系内,上级规划通过审批和评估实现对下级规划的指导与控制,规划之间的衔接关系体现为指标的联结。同时,提出了制定流域水环境保护规划法规、制定规划编制规范和指南、建立信息共享平台等建议。     

中国九十年代城市环境污染控制战略(上)

本文首先详细回顾和论述了中国城市环境保护的历程、城市发展面临的环境问题以及现行城市污染控制政策体系和运行机制。然后,在近十年城市环境质量变化分析的基础上确定了九十年代中国城市环境保护目标,最后提出了为实现该目标需要采取的九十年代中国城市污染控制的六条措施或对策。     

提升“小康社会”环境质量综合指数的对策措施

环境质量综合指数是南京市建设“小康社会”的难点、核心指标,通过分析环境质量状况和环境保护工作的现状,提出了创建期间有关环保工作的机制、管理的重点和工程措施等对策与措施.     

Sorption and desorption of Cu and Cd by macroalgae and microalgae

The sorption and desorption of Cu and Cd by two species of brown macroalgae and five species of microalgae were studied. The two brown macroalgae, Laminaria japonica and Sargassum kjellmanianum, were found to have high capacities at pHs between 4.0 and 5.0 while for microalgae, optimum pH lay at 6.7. The presence of other cations in solution was found to reduce the sorption of the target cation, suggesting a competition for sorption sites on organisms. Sorption isotherms obeyed the Freundlich equation, suggesting involvement of a multiplicity of mechanisms and sorption sites. For the microalgae tested, Spirulina platensis had the highest capacity for Cd, followed by Nannochloropsis oculata, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Platymonas cordifolia and Chaetoceros minutissimus. The reversibility of metal sorption by macroalgae was examined and the results show that both HCl and EDTA solutions were very effective in desorbing sorbed metal ions from macroalgae, with up to 99.5% of metals being recovered. The regenerated biomass showed undiminished sorption performance for the two metals studied, suggesting the potential of such material for use in water and wastewater treatment.     

Kinetic and structural relationships of transition monomeric and oligomeric carboxyl- and choline-esterases

The kinetic and structural relationships of eight electrophoretically pure mammalian serum and liver serine carboxylesterases (CE) and cholinesterases (ChE) have been studied. Eight CE's and ChE's, which were fully resolved but only partially purified, provided additional information. Five of the electrophoretically pure esterases were monomeric, and of these, four belonged to a new and widely distributed class. These four monomeric esterases hydrolyzed choline esters, but at widely differing rates. Thus two were termed monomeric butyrylcholinesterases, mBuChE I and II, and two were monomeric CE's (mCE). The rabbit liver mCE was not a subunit of the oligomeric CE (oCE), although the oCE also hydrolyzed choline esters at a very low rate. The complex kinetics of the mCE's, mBuChE's, oCE's, and of the oligomeric BuChE's of horse and human serum could be interpreted according to a single reaction scheme involving an allosteric site and the equation derived from it. Thus activation and inhibition at high substrate concentrations, together with sigmoidal activity versus substrate concentration plots, all of which characterize the reactions of these esterases, could be interpreted by a single scheme and equation. Structural and kinetic comparisons showed a progressive transition of properties from the oCE's through the mCE's to the oBuChE's. One of the purified mCE's was from horse serum, and it exhibited physical and kinetic properties unlike those of the liver mCE's or oCE's.     

Persistence and dissipation kinetics of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole in onion and soil

The persistence and dissipation kinetics of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole on onion were studied after application of their combination formulation at a standard and double dose of 75 + 150 and 150 + 300 g a.i. ha^?1. The fungicides were extracted with acetone, cleaned-up using activated charcoal (trifloxystrobin) and neutral alumina (tebuconazole). Analysis was carried out by gas chromatograph (GC) and confirmed by gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The recovery was above 80% and limit of quantification (LOQ) 0.05 mg kg^?1 for both fungicides. Initial residue deposits of trifloxystrobin were 0.68 and 1.01 mg kg^?1 and tebuconazole 0.673 and 1.95 mg kg^?1 from standard and double dose treatments, respectively. Dissipation of the fungicides followed first-order kinetics and the half life of degradation was 6–6.6 days. Matured onion bulb (and field soil) harvested after 30 days was free from fungicide residues. These findings suggest recommended safe pre-harvest interval (PHI) of 14 and 25 days for spring onion consumption after treatment of Nativo 75 WG at the standard and double doses, respectively. Matured onion bulbs at harvest were free from fungicide residues.     

Bacterial and archaeal diversity in oil fields and reservoirs and their potential role in hydrocarbon recovery and bioprospecting

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Hydrocarbon is a primary source of energy in the current urbanized society. Considering the increasing demand, worldwide oil productions are declining...     

Sorption and desorption behavior of chloroanilines and chlorophenols on montmorillonite and kaolinite

The bioavailability of pollutants, pesticides and/or their degradation products in soil depends on the strength of their sorption by the different soil components, particularly by the clay minerals. This study reports the sorption-desorption behavior of the environmentally hazardous industrial pollutants and certain pesticides degradation products, 3-chloroaniline, 3,4-dichloroaniline, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on the reference clays kaolinite KGa-1 and Na-montmorillonite SWy-l. In batch studies, 2.0 g of clay were equilibrated with 100.0 mL solutions of each chemical at concentrations ranging from 10.0 to 200.0 mg/L. The uptake of the compounds was deduced from the results of HPLC-UV-Vis analysis. The lipophilic species were best retained by both clay materials. The most lipophilic chemical used in the study, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline, was also the most strongly retained, with sorption of up to 8 mg/g. In desorption experiments, which also relied on HPLC-UV-Vis technique, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline was the least desorbed from montmorillonite. However, on kaolinite all of the compounds under study were irreversibly retained. The experimental data have been modelled according to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. A hypothesis is proposed concerning the sorption mechanism and potential applications of the findings in remediation strategies have been suggested.     

Sorption and Desorption Behavior of Chloroanilines and Chlorophenols on Montmorillonite and Kaolinite

The bioavailability of pollutants, pesticides and/or their degradation products in soil depends on the strength of their sorption by the different soil components, particularly by the clay minerals. This study reports the sorption-desorption behavior of the environmentally hazardous industrial pollutants and certain pesticides degradation products, 3-chloroaniline, 3,4-dichloroaniline, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on the reference clays kaolinite KGa-1 and Na-montmorillonite SWy-l. In batch studies, 2.0 g of clay were equilibrated with 100.0 mL solutions of each chemical at concentrations ranging from 10.0 to 200.0 mg/L. The uptake of the compounds was deduced from the results of HPLC-UV-Vis analysis. The lipophilic species were best retained by both clay materials. The most lipophilic chemical used in the study, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline, was also the most strongly retained, with sorption of up to 8 mg/g. In desorption experiments, which also relied on HPLC-UV-Vis technique, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline was the least desorbed from montmorillonite. However, on kaolinite all of the compounds under study were irreversibly retained. The experimental data have been modelled according to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. A hypothesis is proposed concerning the sorption mechanism and potential applications of the findings in remediation strategies have been suggested.     

Isocyanatocyclohexane and isothiocyanatocyclohexane levels in urban and industrial areas and possible emission-related activities

Isocyanatocyclohexane and isothiocyanatocyclohexane are becoming relevant compounds in urban and industrial air, as they are used in important amounts in automobile industry and building insulation, as well as in the manufacture of foams, rubber, paints and varnishes. Glass multi-sorbent tubes (Carbotrap, Carbopack, Carboxen) were connected to LCMA-UPC pump samplers for the retention of iso- and isothiocyanatocyclohexanes. The analysis was performed by automatic thermal desorption (ATD) coupled with capillary gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry detector (MSD). TD-GC/MS was chosen as analytical method due to its versatility and the possibility of analysis of a wide range of volatility and polarity VOC in air samples. The method was satisfactory sensitive, selective and reproducible for the studied compounds. The concentrations of iso- and isothioisocyanatocyclohexanes were evaluated in different urban, residential and industrial locations from extensive VOC air quality and odour episode studies in several cities in the Northeastern edge of Spain. Around 200–300 VOC were determined qualitatively in each sample. Higher values of iso- and isothiocyanatocyclohexane were found in industrial areas than in urban or residential locations. The concentrations ranged between n.d.−246 and n.d.−29 μg m⁻³ for isocyanatocyclohexane and isothiocyanatocyclohexane, respectively, for industrial areas. On the other hand, urban and residential locations showed concentrations ranging between n.d.−164 and n.d.−29 μg m⁻³ for isocyanatocyclohexane and isothiocyanatocyclohexane, respectively. The site location (urban or industrial), the kind and nearness of possible iso- and isothiocyanatocyclohexane emission activities (industrial or building construction) and the changes of wind regimes throughout the year have been found the most important factors influencing the concentrations of these compounds in the different places.     

Sources and fate of PCDD and PCDF

PCDD and PCDF were found in urban air particulates from St. Louis and Washington, D.C., and in sediments from the Great Lakes and Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale. The similarity between the PCDD and PCDF found in air particulates and sediment samples and the presence of PCDD and PCDF in sediment from Siskiwit Lake (a location which can receive only atmospheric inputs) suggest that these compounds are emitted to the atmosphere from combustion sources. The historical input of PCDD and PCDF to dated sediment cores shows a strong increase since 1940, and this suggests that the incineration of chlorinated organic compounds is an important source of PCDD and PCDF to the environment.     

Synthesis and characterization of m- and p-methylbenzyl-mercapturic acids derived from m- and p-xylenes

Chemical synthesis and physical properties of two mercapturic acids suggested as urinary metabolites of m- and p-xylenes ace described. These compounds may be used for the identification and quantivative determination by high-performance liquid chromatography of the corresponding mercapturic acids in urine.