污水除磷技术的研究与进展

详细介绍了污水除磷的迫切性及传统的污水除磷工艺原理与特点，阐述了污水除磷技术的最新发展动向。     

城市污水除磷工艺及其原理

介绍了城市污水中磷的危害、来源及其存在形式,对化学除磷方法及生物除磷原理进行了阐迷,分别介绍了几种典型生物除磷和新型除磷工艺的特点,并对国内外除磷技术的研究进行了展望.     

磷对环境的污染及防治对策

我国水体富营养化严重，其主要控制因子是磷。在分析磷污染的污染状况，污染源的基础上，介绍了防治对策，采用低磷循环冷却水处理剂，减少磷排放，是防止工业磷污染的有效方法。     

废水反硝化除磷技术研究进展

结合近年来国内外最新研究成果,综述了反硝化除磷机理及工艺.重点介绍了反硝化聚磷菌的微生物学特性和除磷特性,以及不同种类的反硝化除磷工艺,并对反硝化除磷技术进行了展望.     

膜生物反应器在废水脱氮除磷中的应用

介绍了两种膜生物反应器（MBR）脱氮除磷工艺：单一反应器间歇曝气MBR工艺和厌氧一好氧MBR工艺。总结了MBR脱氮除磷工艺的国内外研究进展、工艺特点及处理效果,重点探讨了MBR脱氮除磷工艺中同步硝化反硝化、短程硝化反硝化及反硝化除磷的机理,并指出了今后MBR脱氮除磷进一步研究的重点及方向。     

变公害为效益 造福子孙后代

变公害为效益造福子孙后代“八五”国家重点科技攻关项目“磷石膏分解新技术研究”进展顺利。这项新技术是为综合利用磷石膏、消除环境污染、实现硫资源良性循环而实施的重大战略项目，具有显著的经济、社会和环境效益。磷石膏是磷酸及高浓度复合肥料工业的废渣。据统计，...     

硫磷铝锶矿的综合利用

硫磷铝锶矿的综合利用１前言清平磷矿区位于四川盆地西部边缘，面积５４ｋｍ￣２，在磷矿开采中排出的硫磷铝锶矿，是未被开发利用的宝贵资源。硫磷铝锶矿为磷块岩的直接顶板，同磷块岩紧密共生（有时亦以夹石的形式出现于磷块岩中），矿体呈透镜状及似层状。厚矿碱溶Ｐ＿...     

复合式活性污泥缺氧聚磷生物膜硝化同步除磷脱氮

该发明提供了一种复合式活性污泥缺氧聚磷生物膜硝化同步除磷脱氮的方法。具体步骤如下：废水首先进入接触池，与沉淀池回流的富含聚磷菌的活性污泥短暂混合，控制水力停留时间5—10min，将污泥中携带的少量硝酸盐迅速反硝化；接触池出水进入厌氧池，在厌氧池中反硝化聚磷菌吸收大量的低相对分子质量的有机物，以聚-β-羟基烷酸酯形式贮存在体内，同时释放磷；含有氨氮、磷、少量剩余有机物和已释放磷的聚磷菌的泥水混合液进入缺氧池，与沉淀后回流的含有硝酸盐的上层清液混合，反硝化聚磷菌以硝酸盐为电子受体进行反硝化聚磷；缺氧池出水进入固定安装有半软性填料的生物膜-活性污泥复合式好氧池中，     

污泥处理方法及设备

该发明公开了一种污泥处理方法。该方法通过有效洗脱污泥中的磷，提高了磷的回收率，同时减少了污泥体积。该污泥处理方法包括：第一步，向污泥液中鼓入含臭氧的气体，使污泥液形成泡沫；第二步，将吸附在气泡上的污泥与污泥消解剂相互接触，使磷从污泥液中洗脱出来。还可进一步进行以下步骤：将脱磷后的污泥液分离为磷洗脱液和剩余污泥；     

活性污泥生物除磷数学模型研究进展

概述了活性污泥生物除磷过程的Comeau／Wentzel模式和Mino模式，以及以Wentzel和Smolders为代表的两类生物除磷数学模型，提出结合Smolders模型与ASM2、ASM2D模型的优点建立结构完整、参数较少、辨识简单的模型，是生物除磷数学模型发展的方向。     

Production of activated carbons from waste tire--process design and economical analysis

The process design and economic analysis of process plants to produce activated carbons from waste tires and coal have been performed. The potential range of products from each process has been considered, namely for waste tire--pyro-gas, active carbon, carbon black and pyro-oil; for coal--pyro-gas and active carbons. Sensitivity analyses have been carried out on the main process factors; these are product price, production capacity, total production cost, capital investment and the tipping fee. Net present values for the two plants at various discount factors have been determined and the internal rates of return have been determined as 27.4% and 18.9% for the waste tire plant and the coal plant, respectively.     

利用含铝废硫酸和废铝渣制备聚合硫酸铝

以含铝废硫酸和废铝渣为原料制备聚合硫酸铝（PAS）。优化了废铝渣的酸溶条件,确定了合适的稳定剂和碱化剂。实验结果表明：在酸溶反应温度为80 ℃、酸溶反应时间为40 min、以20 g/L Ca（OH）₂溶液为碱化剂、以加入量为60 mg/L的固体柠檬酸为稳定剂的条件下,制备的PAS比聚合氯化铝（PAC）和Al₂（SO₄）₃具有更优异的混凝性能。该工艺可回收利用废铝渣和含铝废硫酸,从而达到综合利用的目的。     

Mass,energy and material balances of SRF production process. Part 2: SRF produced from construction and demolition waste

In this work, the fraction of construction and demolition waste (C&D waste) complicated and economically not feasible to sort out for recycling purposes is used to produce solid recovered fuel (SRF) through mechanical treatment (MT). The paper presents the mass, energy and material balances of this SRF production process. All the process streams (input and output) produced in MT waste sorting plant to produce SRF from C&D waste are sampled and treated according to CEN standard methods for SRF. Proximate and ultimate analysis of these streams is performed and their composition is determined. Based on this analysis and composition of process streams their mass, energy and material balances are established for SRF production process. By mass balance means the overall mass flow of input waste material stream in the various output streams and material balances mean the mass flow of components of input waste material stream (such as paper and cardboard, wood, plastic (soft), plastic (hard), textile and rubber) in the various output streams of SRF production process. The results from mass balance of SRF production process showed that of the total input C&D waste material to MT waste sorting plant, 44% was recovered in the form of SRF, 5% as ferrous metal, 1% as non-ferrous metal, and 28% was sorted out as fine fraction, 18% as reject material and 4% as heavy fraction. The energy balance of this SRF production process showed that of the total input energy content of C&D waste material to MT waste sorting plant, 74% was recovered in the form of SRF, 16% belonged to the reject material and rest 10% belonged to the streams of fine fraction and heavy fraction. From the material balances of this process, mass fractions of plastic (soft), paper and cardboard, wood and plastic (hard) recovered in the SRF stream were 84%, 82%, 72% and 68% respectively of their input masses to MT plant. A high mass fraction of plastic (PVC) and rubber material was found in the reject material stream. Streams of heavy fraction and fine fraction mainly contained non-combustible material (such as stone/rock, sand particles and gypsum material).     

Thermal and enzymatic recovering of proteins from untanned leather waste

The laboratory trials of a process to treat untanned leather waste to isolate valuable protein products are presented. In this comparative study, both thermal and enzymatic treatments of leather waste were performed. The enzymatic method utilizes commercially available alkaline protease at moderate temperatures and for short periods of time. The concentration of the enzyme was 500 units per gram of leather waste which makes the method cost-effective. Amino acid composition in the hydrolysate obtained by the enzyme hydrolysis of untanned leather waste is determined. Chemical and physical properties of protein powder products from untanned leather waste were evaluated by spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods and by use of electron microscope. The results of microbiological assays confirm that these products agree to food safety standards. This relatively simple treatment of untanned leather waste may provide a practical and economical solution to the disposal of potentially dangerous waste.     

废塑料生产汽柴油技术分析与应用中的误区

从废塑料生产汽柴油技术的工艺流程入手，对该项技术中存在的一些问题进行了分析，内容涉及原料来源及范围，裂化反应条件，传热与除焦，油品质量及收率，新形成的污染和经济效益评估等；指出了此项技术在应用中存在的误区。     

草酸钴废料协同浸出水钴矿中的钴和铜

利用草酸钴废料协同浸出水钴矿中的钴和铜,考察了工艺条件对浸出率的影响,并推荐了一种二段浸出及后续生产草酸钴的工艺流程。实验结果表明,在草酸钴废料与水钴矿的质量比为20%、反应时间为120 min、反应温度为85 ℃、初始H2SO4浓度为1.00 mol/L、液固比为4 mL/g的最佳工艺条件下,钴和铜的浸出率分别达到98.82%和96.24%。该工艺应用于水钴矿的还原浸出,在回收利用草酸钴废料的同时,降低了还原剂的消耗,且对浸出液后续处理工艺无影响。     

环己酮生产中皂化废碱液的中和处理与综合利用

介绍了利用废酸中和环己酮生产中排出的皂化废碱液以获得 Na2 SO4 和皂油的技术路线及工艺条件 ,简述了综合利用过程中存在的设备腐蚀和二次污染问题及解决途径。     

用铁泥制氧化铁红

研究了以染化厂废料铁泥和工业废硫酸为原料,采用高温干法制取氧化铁红的工艺,简要介绍了该法生产氧化铁红的反应机理,探讨了氧化剂,氧化时间,氧化温度等对产品质量的影响,确定了适宜工艺条件,提出了工业生产流程和尾气治理方案。     

Utilization of Industrial Wastes from Mining and Packaging Industries in Wood-Plastic Composites

The manufacturing industry produces a lot of different by-products and waste. In this research, the utilization of different industrial wastes as a part of wood-plastic composites was tested. Limestone waste and carton cutting waste were tested by replacing part of the reinforcing fibers of the composite with these materials. The materials were made with the extrusion process, and they were tested for their mechanical properties, water absorption and thickness swelling. The materials were also viewed with a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that both industrial wastes affected the properties of the composite. Mining waste in the composite improved the moisture properties, impact strength and hardness of the material. Carton cutting waste improved the impact strength remarkably.     

纯碱生产废水的综合治理

介绍了纯碱生产过程中产生的蒸氨废清液和生产下水的综合治理情况。将废清液晒盐回收ＮａＣｌ,然后从母液中回收ＣａＣｌ２。在雨季等情况下对废清液的治理措施是,将其两次兑海水,使其各项指标达到国家排放标准。