四川亚东水泥有限公司

四川亚东水泥有限公司采用世界上最先进的新型干法水泥生产工艺,致力追求“高环保、高品质、高效率、低成本”生产经营目标,并响应国家节能减排、清洁生产、生态保护等环境政策,于一期工程中投入环保设施费用达人民币7,734万元,占总投资金额的9．3％,目前厂内各项污染物的排放均优于国家标准,且已实现生活污水零排放、     

四川省新型干法水泥行业发展概况及其环境问题分析

本文简述了四川省“十一五”期间新型干法水泥工业发展概况和取得的环境效益,分析了新型干法水泥工业发展中面临的环境问题,提出利用新型干法水泥回转窑处理有机废物和危险废物是今后水泥行业可持续发展的一个重要方向。     

发展中国家运输用燃油的需求状况

发展中国家石油消耗量占世界石油总消耗量的比率正在逐年上升。1970年发展中国家石油消耗量约为500万桶/d,仅占世界石油总消耗量的10％;而1985年则上升到1000万桶/d,约占世界石油总消耗量的15％。在发展中国家的石油总消耗量中,运输用燃油为其主要部分,占总消耗量的42％。     

节水降耗 扭亏为盈

山西维尼纶厂曾是一个多年亏损的老大难企业。生产过程中原料消耗高,废水产生量大。废水中的污染物多达十几种,其中有机污染物服荷占全厂总负荷的80％以上。     

新型干法水泥回转窑废气产生量与产量的关系浅谈

本文通过对四川省采用新型干法水泥生产企业回转窑废气监测数据进行统计分析,建立了新型干法水泥回转窑废气产生量与水泥熟料产量的关系数学模型,并对模型进行了验证,该模型既可以用于监测人员现场核查企业填报生产量真实性,也可以用于判断实测废气量的合理性。     

基于生命周期评价法的水基钻井岩屑资源化利用环境效益分析

文章以水基钻井岩屑处置方式为研究对象,运用生命周期评价法对填埋处置和两种资源化利用处置（制备烧结砖、土壤化利用）的环境影响进行比较。结果表明：处置1m3水基钻井岩屑,填埋方式的环境影 响值为3.58×103,制备烧结砖为1.19×103,土壤化利用为－1.99×102,填埋的环境影响最大,土壤化利用的环境效益最好;三种处置方式各因素对加权综合指标的敏感度分析表明,填埋方式的水泥消耗值最大,为99.40％,制备烧结砖方式的煤消耗值较大,为63.12％,可通过工艺调整减少煤添加量、处置尾气和增加岩屑添加量来降低其环境影响;土壤化利用方式的秸秆消耗值较大,为99.40％,可通过改进处置工艺来减少秸秆添加量。     

水泥工业污染防治最佳可行技术的评价

概述了我国水泥工业新型干法生产和节能减排技术现况,提出目前水泥工业使用的主要除尘技术正由电除尘向袋除尘发展,节能技术需在实践中不断调整运行参数才能与除尘、生产设备达到合理匹配。对国内外各行业污染防治最佳可行技术路线进行了比较,结合水泥行业现状提出了制定污染防治最佳可行技术评价方法的技术路线和评价方案。     

青海省水泥行业的节能减排及固废利用分析

文章对青海省近年在新型干法水泥生产的污染减排、工业固废利用方面进行了分析,提出了利用水泥窑处理城市垃圾、建立电力-水泥产业共生循环经济模式等建议。     

做经济效益与环境保护双赢的绿色企业——记云南国资水泥东骏有限公司

云南国资水泥东骏有限公司位于云南省昆明市官渡区大板桥镇康朗村,现有职工530多人,是云南瑞安建材投资有限公司全资控股子公司。公司拥有云南省首条新型干法日产4000吨水泥熟料生产线,年产水泥148万吨,是工艺技术先进、环保节能型新型水泥生产企业。     

新型干法水泥熟料生产线纯低温余热发电技术及其效益评估

环境保护和资源综合利用是当今经济发展的主题,水泥工业属高能耗产业,在新型干法水泥生产中将其纯低温余热转化为电能,有效地节约能源,本文介绍了纯低温余热发电系统的设备组成,工艺流程,并以3200t／d熟料生产线为例对该发电系统的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益进行了分析评估。认为纯低温余热发电在水泥工业中有着广阔的前景,其经济、环境和社会效益极为显著。     

电改袋技术在回转窑窑头烟气净化中的应用

在对水泥生产线篦冷机尾气除尘进行分析的基础上,提出了电除尘改袋式除尘的必要性,可有效控制新型干法窑烟尘和粉尘的排放浓度;针对具体案例的使用结果进行了阐述。     

Formulation of criteria for pollution control on cement products produced from solid wastes in China

The process of producing cement products from solid waste can increase the level of pollutants in the cement products. Therefore, it is very important to establish a pollution control standard for cement products to protect the environment and human health. This paper presents acceptance limits for the availability of heavy metals in cement products which have been produced from solid wastes and explains how the limits have been calculated. The approach and method used to formulate these criteria were based on EN 12920. The typical exposure scenarios used in this paper involve concrete being used for drinking water supply pipelines and concrete pavements and are based on an analysis of typical applications of cement in China, and the potential for contact with water. The parameters of a tank test which was based on NEN 7375 were set in accordance with the environmental conditions of typical scenarios in China. Mechanisms controlling the release of heavy metals in concrete and a model for that release were obtained using the leaching test. Finally, based on acceptance criteria for drinking water and groundwater quality in China, limit values for the availability of heavy metals in concrete were calculated.     

Energy and CO2 from high performance recycled aggregate production

The use of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) in applications other than road sub-layers is limited by two factors: the high porosity of RCA in comparison with natural aggregates, and the restrictions set forth in standards and building codes. Research efforts aimed at alleviating these restrictions are focused on improving the quality of coarse RCAs by reducing the amount of adhered cement pastes, which is the weakest element in this system and influences the rheological behaviour.This paper presents an analysis of the environmental impacts of the recent mechanical and thermo-mechanical processing techniques which produce high performance RCA by reducing the volume of adhered cement paste. Based on published data, processing scenarios were established. These scenarios permit making rough estimates of energy consumption, CO₂ emissions, fines generation and product quality. Using these data and the available emission factors from several countries, an objective comparison was made between these innovating processes and conventional recycling.The production of fines increases from 40% up to as much as 70% as the volume of adhered cement paste on the RCA is reduced. Fuel fed thermo-mechanical process energy consumption, per tonne of recycled aggregate, varies between 36 and 62 times higher than conventional recycling processes. Mechanical processing, combined with microwave heating, increases energy consumption from 3 to a little more than 4 times conventional recycling. Consequently, CO₂ emissions released by conventional coarse aggregate production go from 1.5 to 4.5 kgCO₂/t, to around 200 kgCO₂/t, for that of fossil fuel fed thermo-mechanical treatments.Mechanical and mechanical/microwave treatments appear to have the greatest environmental potential. Notwithstanding, the further development of markets for fines is crucial for reducing environmental loads.     

Applying tqem practices to pollution prevention at AT&T's columbus works plant

In recent years AT&T changed its focus on environmental policies from compliance to pollution prevention. Pollution prevention is an integrated program that includes design for the environment, “green” manufacturing, and a comprehensive program to reduce existing waste in production. The principles of Total Quality Management can be applied to pollution prevention as well as the more traditional manufacturing concepts. The project described in this article is one of several concurrent programs being conducted at AT&T'S Columbus Works to reduce overall waste produced by the facility by applying TQM practices.     

Chemical residence time and hydrological conditions influence treatment of fipronil in vegetated aquatic mesocosms

Fipronil, a phenyl-pyrazole insecticide, is often used in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production agriculture, with elevated runoff concentrations and loads having potential toxicological effects on downstream aquatic environments. This study evaluated two species of aquatic plants-broadleaf cattail (Typha latifolia L.) and powdery alligator-flag (Thalia dealbata Fraser ex Roscoe)-placed in series against a nonvegetated mesocosm in reducing concentrations and loads of fipronil, and associated metabolites. Vegetation type and hydrological condition (inundated vs. dry) were treatment effects used for comparison. The vegetated mesocosms significantly reduced higher loads and concentrations of fipronil, fipronil sulfone, and sulfide in both inundated and dry hydrological conditions over nonvegetated nesocosms. Under inundation conditions, vegetated mesocosms reduced >50% of influent fipronil concentrations and betweeen 60 and 70% of fipronil loads, which was significantly higher than the dry conditions (10-32% concentration and load). These results show that agricultural management strategies usingephemeral aquatic zones, such as drainage ditches, can be optimized to couple chemical applications with vegetation presence and hydrology to facilitate the reduction in chemical waste loads entering downstream aquatic ecosystems. Such reduction is critical for use with fipronil, where negative impacts have been demonstrated with several nontarget species.     

页岩气油基钻屑脱油灰渣资源化利用进展

针对页岩气开发过程中产生的油基钻屑在堆放、运输和处理过程中均有可能对环境造成危害的问题,研究油基钻屑脱油灰渣的处置和资源化利用现状。在实际应用中,各种资源化利用技术由于政策、环保标准、经济性等原因,除水泥窑协同处置技术外,很多技术还不能大量推广应用。文章通过系统调研,阐述了各项技术的原理、优缺点及资源化利用所面临的政策障碍、实际应用及二次污染等问题,指出了资源化利用技术在开发过程中需要加强过程污染控制、开展相关政策和标准制定、提高产品高附加值等方面研究。     

The implementation of wood waste ash as a partial cement replacement material in the production of structural grade concrete and mortar: An overview

The timber manufacturing and power generation industry is gradually shifting towards the use of biomass such as timber processing waste for fuel and energy production and to help supplement the electrical energy demand of national electric gridlines. Though timber processing waste is a sustainable and renewable source of fuel for energy production, the thermal process of converting the aforementioned biomass into heat energy produces significant amounts of fine wood waste ash as a by-product material which, if not managed properly, may result in serious environmental and health problems. Several current researches had been carried out to incorporate wood waste ash as a cement replacement material in the production of greener concrete material and also as a sustainable means of disposal for wood waste ash. Results of the researches have indicated that wood waste ash can be effectively used as a cement replacement material for the production of structural grade concrete of acceptable strength and durability performances. This paper presents an overview of the work carried out by the use of wood waste ash as a partial replacement of cement in mortar and concrete mixes. Several aspects such as the physical and chemical properties of wood waste ash, properties of wood waste ash/OPC blended cement pastes, rheological, mechanical and the durability properties of wood waste ash/OPC concrete mix are detailed in this paper.     

Modeling Nutrient Release in the Tai Lake Basin of China: Source Identification and Policy Implications

Because nutrient enrichment has become increasingly severe in the Tai Lake Basin of China, identifying sources and loads is crucial for watershed nutrient management. This paper develops an empirical framework to estimate nutrient release from five major sectors, which requires fewer input parameters and produces acceptable accuracy. Sectors included are industrial manufacturing, livestock breeding (industrial and family scale), crop agriculture, household consumption (urban and rural), and atmospheric deposition. Results show that in the basin (only the five sectors above), total nutrient loads of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) into aquatic systems in 2008 were 33043.2 tons N a^?1 and 5254.4 tons P a^?1, and annual area-specific nutrient loads were 1.94 tons N km^?2 and 0.31 tons P km^?2. Household consumption was the major sector having the greatest impact (46 % in N load, 47 % in P load), whereas atmospheric deposition (18 %) and crop agriculture (15 %) sectors represented other significant proportions of N load. The load estimates also indicate that 32 % of total P came from the livestock breeding sector, making it the second largest phosphorus contributor. According to the nutrient pollution sectors, six best management practices are selected for cost-effectiveness analysis, and feasible options are recommended. Overall, biogas digester construction on industrial-scale farms is proven the most cost-effective, whereas the building of rural decentralized facilities is the best alternative under extreme financial constraint. However, the reduction potential, average monetary cost, and other factors such as risk tolerance of policy makers should all be considered in the actual decision-making process.     

Multi-objective optimization of waste and resource management in industrial networks – Part II: Model application to the treatment of sewage sludge

In the present article, the thermal treatment of digested sewage sludge generated in the Swiss region of Zürich is modeled and optimized from an environmental perspective. The optimization problem is solved using a multi-objective mixed-integer linear program that combines material flow analysis, process models, life cycle assessment (LCA), and mathematical optimization techniques. The treatment options include co-incineration in municipal solid waste incineration, co-processing in cement production, and mono-incineration with the prospect of phosphorus recovery. The model is optimized according to six environmental objectives. Five of the six single-objective optimal solutions involve splits over the treatment options. The results reflect the available treatment capacities and other constraints, aspects rarely considered in conventional LCA studies. Co-processing in cement production is used to the maximum extent possible when minimizing impacts on climate change, human toxicity, fossil resource depletion, and fully aggregated impacts (ReCiPe H/A), whereas mono-incineration with phosphorus recovery receives the bulk of the sludge when optimizing for ecotoxicity and mineral resource depletion. Four of the single-objective optimal solutions (minimization of fossil energy resource depletion and contribution to climate change, human toxicity, and fully aggregated impacts) outperform the reference case over the six impact categories considered, showing that the current situation can be improved in some environmental categories without compromising others. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that assumptions regarding the product systems displaced by recovered by-products are critical for the outcome of the optimization. Our approach identifies in all of the cases solutions in which significant environmental improvements can be attained.