硅烷偶联剂对石英砂滤料的表面改性

采用硅烷偶联剂KH-550对石英砂滤料进行表面改性,以提高滤料表面的亲油疏水性.通过正交―单因素实验,考察KH-550浓度、改性温度以及搅拌时间对石英砂滤料表面改性效果的影响.结果表明,KH-550浓度为15%、改性温度为110℃、搅拌时间为15min时改性效果最好,水的润湿重量由改性前的1.5589g减小到0.0607g,而油的润湿重量改性前后基本不变.改性后石英砂对油的吸附容量增大到0.1843,与未改性石英砂相比提高了27.72%.扫描电镜与电子能谱研究表明,KH-550以化学键的方式结合在石英砂滤料表面,形成了牢固的有机包覆层,使得石英砂滤料的亲油疏水性大大提高.     

新疆托里齐Ⅰ金矿地球化学及石英热释光特征

齐Ⅰ金矿产于中上石炭统海相基性火山喷发沉积岩中,典型中温热液矿床.成矿热液为Na+-K+-SO2-4--Cl--HCO3型,主要来源于深部隐伏的花岗岩,部分来源于天水和变质水.矿质主要来源于花岗岩,部分来源于热液对火山喷发沉积岩特别是玄武岩的萃取.成矿温度270～200℃.石英热释光特征是热液成矿活动分期和评价含矿性的重要标志.     

石英砂表面活性滤膜去除地下水中氨氮的试验研究

为研究石英砂滤料表面活性滤膜催化氧化地下水中氨氮的性能,采用已运行4年的中试石英砂滤柱,改变进水氨氮负荷并且长期持续过滤仅含氨氮的进水,考察该滤膜催化氧化氨氮的性能.结果表明:在进水氨氮浓度为0.8~1.3mg/L,水温为20~23℃,滤速为7m/h的试验条件下,滤料表面活性滤膜催化氧化氨氮的性能可长期保持稳定、高效;在溶解氧(DO)充足的条件下,氨氮的最大去除负荷为22.3g/(m³·h),且其与氨氮进水负荷正相关;氨氮的极限去除浓度受溶解氧的限制,且当DO不足时,滤速对溶解氧的消耗影响较大.     

低温下表面流人工湿地中氨氮型富营养化水体净化研究

以氨氮为主要氮组分的富营养化水体为研究对象,采用批量培养方式对比研究了6.8～7.2℃水温下浮水植物系统(2种水葫芦Eichhornia crassipes、浮萍Lemna minor)、泡沫板系统(无生命覆盖物系统)及空白系统(无覆盖物系统)的脱氮效果,并探讨了6.4～11.2℃水温下不同起始COD浓度(27～105 mg/L)对各污染物去除的影响.结果表明,溶解氧(DO)是影响NH₄⁺-N去除的关键因子之一,好氧时期各系统NH₄⁺-N去除率占整个时期NH₄⁺-N去除率的61%～88%.3种植物系统中NH₄⁺-N的去除率(45%～56%)普遍高于泡沫板系统(38%)与空白系统(38%),而TN和COD去除效果差异则与植物类型有关;随着水体中起始COD浓度的升高,系统中DO逐渐由好氧状态降至0,该结果对NO₃^--N去除率影响最大(去除率由67%上升至95%),而对其它水质指标(COD,TN,NH₄⁺-N)的影响相对较小.     

零价铁复合石英砂填料(ZVI-Sand)去除水体中不同形态砷

利用零价铁复合石英砂(ZVI-Sand)制备砷吸附填料,对水体中2 mg·L-1As(III)或As(V)进行连续柱实验,研究了不同形态砷在ZVI-Sand填充柱内的去除效果及其沿柱层分布规律.实验结果表明:连续运行14 d,ZVI-Sand填充柱对As(III)和As(V)的去除率均达到90%以上;15 d后,随着ZVI-Sand填充柱中ZVI腐蚀变为棕黄色,其对砷的去除能力明显降低.ZVI-Sand填充柱对As(V)的去除总量高于As(III),累积计算得到的ZVI对砷吸附容量分别达到70 mg·g-1和57 mg·g-1.ZVI-Sand填充柱对As(III)与As(V)的固定能力沿柱高呈先升高后降低的趋势.另外,实验过程中ZVI在去除As(V)的反应柱中出水总铁累积量大于去除As(III)的反应柱.     

楚科奇海陆架区表层沉积物放射性核素的分布

对中国首次北极科学考察期间在楚科奇海采集的9个表层沉积物样品进行了γ谱分析。结果表明,2 1 0 Pb的比活度介于16.0～76.6Bq·kg 1 之间,平均为3 6.9Bq·kg 1 ,低于大多数中低纬度区表层沉积物的2 1 0 Pb比活度,反映出研究海域低的大气2 1 0 Pb输入通量。2 2 6 Ra、1 37Cs、2 38U的放射性比活度范围和平均值分别为11.4～2 0 .9、1.7～2 .9、3 2 .4～5 3 .4Bq·kg 1 和17.6、2 .2、44 .4Bq·kg 1 。研究海域表层沉积物中的2 2 6 Ra/2 38U ) A .R .介于0 .3 5～0 .47之间,低的2 2 6 Ra/2 38U) A .R .表明U、Ra的地球化学行为存在差异。2 1 0 Pb、2 1 0 Pbex、1 37Cs、4 0 K比活度和灼烧失重率均随离岸距离的增加逐渐减小,而2 2 6 Ra和2 38U则具有各自不同的分布特征,分别与研究海域表层沉积物Si和Ca的分布比较类似。对核素间相关关系的分析表明,研究海域表层沉积物中1 37Cs和2 1 0 Pbex含量与灼烧失重率之间存在良好的线性正相关关系,证实有机物质在2 1 0 Pb、1 37Cs的生物地球化学循环中起着重要作用。     

Adsorption and desorption of lanthanum at sulfide mineral surface

Batch adsorption experiment with four sulfide minerals - Chalcocite galena, pyrite and sphalerite - were used to study for the adsorption and desorp-tion behavior of La (III) in the presence of EDTA, a model humic matter. Linear adsorption was found in all cases.The presence of soluble organic complexing ligand should reduce the mobility of La (III) in porous media and its transport to groundwater in the percolating soil solution. Binding mechanism is proposed to account for this preferential binding behavior.     

Sorption of a triazol derivative by soils: importance of surface acidity

The sorption of a triazol derivative,1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)penten-3-ol with a common name of s3307D,on fifteen soils and three H2O2-treated soils was investigated.The sorption isotherm for each untreated and treated soil was nonlinear,and was best fitted to Freundlich sorption equation.Soils containing hith amount of clay content or organic matter or both sorbed much higher amounts of the chemical than soils that had low contents of these soil constituents.H2O2-treated soils showed sonsiderable sorptive affinity for S3307D.It was concluded that both organic matter and mineral fraction in natural soils contributed to the sorption of the basic compound.Sorption by the H2O2 treated soils increased as suspension pH decreased,but all suspension pHs exceeded the pKa of the compound by more than two units.This implies that organic base protonation can occur on surfaces of soil components,and surface acidity (exchangeable acidity)is important in sorption process of the organic base rather than suspension pH.     

石英砂提高城市污泥生物沥浸效率主导因素分析

通过摇瓶实验探究石英砂提高城市污泥生物沥浸效率的主导因素.结果 表明,在0～72h内,生物菌液酸化效应在提高污泥脱水性能中占据主导作用;在72h之后,次生矿物的形成对提高污泥脱水性能的贡献率超过生物菌液.随着生物沥浸持续进行,石英砂诱导次生矿物产量逐渐增加,次生矿物在生物菌液酸化效应基础上进一步强化污泥脱水性能.在二者...     

Influence of COM-peptides/proteins on the properties of flocs formed at different shear rates

Coagulation followed by floc separation is a key process for the removal of algal organic matter(AOM) in water treatment. Besides optimizing coagulation parameters,knowledge of the properties of AOM-flocs is essential to maximizing AOM removal.However, the impact of AOM on the floc properties remains unclear. This study investigated how peptides/proteins derived from the cellular organic matter(COM) of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa influenced the size, structure, and shape of flocs formed at different shear rates(G). Flocs formed by kaolinite, COM-peptides/proteins and a mixture of the same were studied, and the effect of intermolecular interactions between floc components on floc properties was assessed. The coagulation experiments were performed in a Taylor–Couette reactor, with aluminum(Al) or ferric sulphate(Fe) utilized as coagulants. Image analysis was performed to gauge floc size and obtain data on fractal dimension. It was found that floc properties were affected by the presence of the COM-peptides/proteins and the coagulant used. COM-peptides/proteins increased floc size and porosity and widened floc size distributions. The Fe coagulant produced larger and less compact flocs than Al coagulant. Moreover, the decrease in floc size that occurred in parallel with increase in shear rate was not smooth in progress. A rapid change for the kaolinite-coagulant suspension and two rapid changes for the suspensions containing COM were observed. These were attributed to various intermolecular interactions between floc components participating in coagulation at different G. Based on the results obtained, shear rates suitable for efficient separation of flocs containing COM were suggested.     

Two-year measurements of surface ozone at Dangxiong, a remote highland site in the Tibetan Plateau

Measurements of surface O3 and carbon monoxide(CO) were made from September 2009 to August 2011 at Dangxiong(30.48°N, 91.10°E, 4187 m a.s.l.), a remote highland site in a southern valley of the Nyainqêntanglha Mountains in the Tibetan Plateau, China. The monthly mean O3 mixing ratio ranged from 29.1 to 51.4 ppb, with an average of 38.5 ppb, and the maximum value was observed in May. The average diurnal cycle of O3 concentration showed a minimum in early morning and a maximum in the afternoon, with a broader "high platform" from the late morning to the late afternoon, and resembled that of surface wind speed. The concentration of surface O3 was highly significantly correlated with tropospheric column O3 over the regions surrounding Dangxiong and with that of surface O3 observed at a site north of the Nyainqêntanglha Mountains, suggesting a good regional representativeness of surface O3 at Dangxiong. In the afternoon when stronger winds blew, surface air showed distinct features of free-atmospheric air, with higher O3, lower CO, and lower relative humidity(RH). The negative O3–CO and O3–RH correlations in most months indicate a significant influence of air masses from the free troposphere. Trajectory analysis suggests that air masses originating from the south of the site make a negative net contribution to surface O3 and a positive contribution to CO and humidity, and those from the northwest sector contribute conversely to the respective quantities.     

Abrasive jet machining by means of velocity shear instability in plasma

The material removal within different machining process can be performed in distinct modalities. One of the modality is based on the erosion phenomena. In this paper, theoretical model of abrasive jet machining based on erosion phenomenon is discussed. The material is removed from the surface due to erosion. In abrasive jet machining process, the output parameter is achieved by controlling various input parameters. This paper discusses the effects of various input parameters in abrasive jet machining (AJM) on the material removal rate (as the output parameter). The results presented in the paper are obtained from a theoretical study carried out with the help of mathematical model and computational technique. Theoretical investigation indicates that magnetic field, electric field and inhomogeneity in DC electric field have significant effect on metal removal by abrasive jet machining process.     

青海瓦里关地面臭氧浓度的变化特征

为探讨地面O₃ 生成和变化机制,利用青海省瓦里关大气本底基准观象台1994~2002 年的地面O₃ 连续观测资料,结合同期瓦里关CO数据及3 个相近高海拔全球背景站点Mauna Loa, Jungfraujoch, Izaña 的O₃ 和CO 资料,对瓦里关地面O₃ 变化特征进行分析.结果表明,瓦里关地面O₃ 浓度有逐年缓慢增加的趋势,存在明显的季节变化,O₃ 最高值出现在夏季,而其他3 个站点最高值出现在春季.与Izaña 站相似,瓦里关地面O₃ 的日变化幅度较小,日最小值出现在中午时分,最大值出现在晚上和凌晨.瓦里关地面O₃ 和CO 存在一定的相关性,但相关性不显著     

复合生态滤床用于重金属污染地表水体修复

以蛭石为滤床基质,研究了复合生态滤床对受重金属污染地表水体的修复效能.结果表明,复合生态滤床对重金属污染水体有较好的处理效果,在水力负荷为2.0m.3m-.2d-1时,系统对Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的平均去除率分别达到81.60%、80.55%、83.20%、62.21%;按照国家《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002),出水重金属浓度达到Ⅱ类水质标准;出水COD值为9.7～38.3mg·L-1,达到Ⅰ类水质标准;出水NH4+-N达到1mg·L-1以下,达到Ⅲ类水质标准.滤床基质中铜离子含量稳定在30mg·kg-1左右,表明植物根系可以有效地吸收蛭石吸附的重金属,从而有效提高蛭石的再吸附能力,延长滤床工作周期.     

连续流2450MHz电磁波剩余污泥脱水与溶出效果研究

利用连续流2450MHz的电磁波污泥脱水装置,对2种不同的污泥进行均匀性试验,得到加载功率270W、加载时间200s、加载泥量150mL工况最优.该工况下,污泥离心含水率、沉降含水率、SV分别由原泥的90.46%、96.35%、88%下降到87.32%、95.55%、76%,比阻由2.37?109m/kg升高至1.22?1010m/kg ,在同等离心条件下,经过2450MHz电磁波处理的污泥体积比不经电磁波处理的体积减少了25%.加载后,TN、TP、SCOD的最大溶出倍数分别达到了17.69、9.50和40.11,EPS降低61.9%,与现有的微波加载实验结果对比发现,在原泥比阻值较低情况下,连续流状态下比阻值未降反增,但污泥胞内物质的溶出倍数明显更大,能有效降低EPS,改善污泥脱水性能,表明了2450MHz电磁波动态污泥脱水的效果更好.     

煤中部分潜在毒害微量元素在表生条件下的化学活动性

利用连续化学浸取实验方法，对采自贵州省二叠经龙潭组的３２个煤样中的１０种潜在毒害微量元素化学的活动性进行了研究，结果表明：煤中Ｈｇ、Ａｓ、Ｓｅ、Ｃｄ等元素具有极强的化学活动性，其中平均８３．８％的Ｈｇ、９３．５％的Ａｓ、８０．３％的Ｓｅ．６３．３％的Ｃ在．１％的Ｃｕ的８６．８％的Ｐｂ可以被带出煤中而进入表生环境；煤中Ｚｎ的化学活动性次之，只有平均４６．６％的Ｚｎ可能迁移进行环境中；Ｔｌ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ