Geochronology and geochemistry of eclogites from the Mariánské Lázne Complex, Czech Republic: Implications for Variscan orogenesis

The Mariánské Lázn complex (MLC) is located in the Bohemian Massif along the north-western margin of the Teplá-Barrandian microplate and consists of metagabbro, amphibolite and eclogite, with subordinate amounts of serpentinite, felsic gneiss and calcsilicate rocks. The MLC is interpreted as a metaophiolite complex that marks the suture zone between the Saxothuringian rocks to the north-west and the Teplá-Barrandian microplate to the south-east. Sm-Nd geochronology of garnet-omphacite pairs from two eclogite samples yields ages of 377±7, and 367±4 Ma. Samples of eclogite and amphibolite do not define a whole rock Sm-Nd isochron, even though there is a large range in Sm/Nd ratio, implying that the suite of samples may not be cogenetic. Eclogites do not have correlated _Nd values and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios. Five of the eight eclogite samples have high _Nd values (+10.2 to +7.1) consistent with derivation from a MORB-like source, but variable ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7033 to 0.7059) which probably reflect hydrothermal seawater alteration. Three other eclogite samples have lower _Nd values (+ 5.4 to –0.8) and widely variable ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7033 to 0.7096). Such low _Nd values are inconsistent with derivation from a MORB, source and may reflect a subduction or oceanic island basalt component in their source. The MLC is an important petrotectonic element in the Bohemian Massif, providing evidence for Cambro-Ordovician formation of oceanic crust and interaction with seawater, Late Devonian (Frasnian-Famennian) high- and medium-pressure metamorphism related to closure of a Saxothuringian ocean basin, Early Carboniferous (Viséan) thrusting of the Teplá terrane over Saxothuringian rocks and Late Viséan extension.     

Major element chemistry, δ2H, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr in a snow profile across central Scandinavia

In late February 1988, fresh snow was sampled at eight stations along a 450 km long transect, spanning the Scandinavian Peninsula from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Gulf of Bothnia in the east. The elements Na, Mg, Ca, S, Cl, Sr, Al, Fe, Mn and Zn were analyzed, and the nuclide pairs ⁸⁷Sr⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁸O¹⁶O and ²H¹H measured.The concentrations of Na, Mg, Cl and Sr decrease rapidly with distance from the Atlantic coast. The other elements studied reflect more complicated patterns, caused by addition of terrigeneous matter and anthropogenic pollution.Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions follow the general precipitation pattern, with values close to seawater in the west, becoming isotopically progressively lighter eastwards.The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio in snow varies from 0.7098 near the Atlantic Ocean to 0.7194 at the easternmost station. Mixing calculations reveal that seawater contributes about 90% of the Sr at the westernmost stations, decreasing to 10–30% some 300 km eastwards. The increase in the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio inland is controlled by Sr fractions more radiogenic than seawater, but strongly heterogeneous. The easternmost station is distinctly influenced by pollution, giving enhanched concentrations of S, Ca and Sr and the highest ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio.     

烟台夹河河口海水混合过程的地球化学特征研究

海(咸)水混入是河口河水重要的地质过程,深刻地影响河水地球化学过程。本文系统采集夹河河口水样,分析海淡水混合过程的地球化学特征。结果表明,远离河口段(J10~J14)为淡水性质,主要受水-岩作用及人类活动等影响;近河口段(J1~J8)海水混入严重,F~-、Cl~-、Br~-、SO~(2-)_4、Na~+、K~+、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、盐度等明显较高,主要受海水混入影响。近河口段存在Na-Ca离子交换过程,约占Na~+总量的0.9%~1.5%,离子交换量随海水混入比例增加而增加,Na~+离子交换量与K~+,Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Br~-、F~-、SO~(2-)_4离子交换量相关,且河水离子含量与盐度回归系数略低于与盐度、Na~+交换量回归系数,表明河口段河水离子交换影响河水地球化学特征。     

纳米伊/蒙黏土对水体中重金属的吸附去除效果

为明确纳米伊/蒙黏土(下称伊/蒙黏土)作为修复材料在去除水体重金属方面的应用潜力,研究了伊/蒙黏土对水体中Ni2+、Cu2+和Cd2+的去除效果与吸附规律,并通过小麦水培试验分析伊/蒙黏土降低水体重金属在小麦地上部分的累积和缓解重金属对小麦的毒害效应等效果. 结果表明:伊/蒙黏土可以吸附去除水体中的Ni2+、Cu2+和Cd2+,当水体中ρ(Ni2+)、ρ(Cu2+)和ρ(Cd2+)分别为5、10、2 mg/L时,添加2%(以w计)的伊/蒙黏土对3种重金属的去除率均达到95%以上. 伊/蒙黏土对重金属的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,对Ni2+、Cu2+和Cd2+的理论最大吸附量分别为2.13、8.52和1.56 mg/g. 在培养液中添加2%伊/蒙黏土可降低小麦对Ni2+、Cu2+和Cd2+的累积富集,缓解重金属对小麦生长的毒害效应. 研究显示,纳米伊/蒙黏土可有效去除水体中的Ni2+、Cu2+和Cd2+,并缓解其对小麦的毒性,因此其在修复水体重金属污染、恢复水环境生态功能方面具有潜在的应用前景.      

Atmospheric trace compounds at a European coastal site—application to CO2, CH4 and COS flux determinations

The variations of CO₂, CH₄, COS, and NMHC concentrations, and of ²²²Rn activity were studied simultaneously in the boundary layer in a littoral site in Brittany, France. Various meteorological conditions occurred during the experiment allowing determination of trace gas concentrations characteristic of air masses having either dominant continental or oceanic influence. The relative NMHC concentration of the air reflects the origin of the air masses. Oceanic air is characterized by high proportions of alkenes, whereas the alkanes concentration is higher in continental air masses.In 1986 alternate sea- and land-breeze conditions allowed measurement of the evolution of the composition of an oceanic air mass under continental influence. By using the variabilities of ²²²Rn activities measured during the experiment, as well as the estimation of its mean flux over continents, we deduced the mean regional fluxes of CO₂, CH₄ and COS to be 5.8, 0.07 and −36 × 10⁻⁶ m mol m⁻² h⁻¹, respectively.     

燃料油和原油乳化液在缢蛏（Sinonovacula constricta）体内的富集动力学研究

应用半静态双箱动力学模型在室内模拟了缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)对燃料油(0#柴油)和东海平湖原油乳化液的生物富集实验,通过对富集与释放过程中缢蛏体内石油烃的动态检测以及对检测结果的非线性曲线拟合,获得缢蛏对0#柴油、原油乳化液的吸收速率常数k1、释放速率常数k2、生物富集因子BCF、平衡状态下缢蛏体内石油烃含量C Amax、生物学半衰期B1/2等动力学参数.拟合结果得到的各动力学参数平均值分别为:缢蛏对0#柴油乳化液的吸收速率常数k1为10.67、k2为0.0795、BCF为122.56、C Amax为129.07 mg·kg-1、B1/2为9.61 d;缢蛏对原油乳化液的吸收速率常数k1为7.79、k2为0.0948、BCF为89.38、C Amax为110.68 mg·kg-1、B1/2为7.88 d.缢蛏对0#柴油、原油乳化液的吸收速率常数k1、BCF均随外部水体中石油烃浓度的增大而减少,对0#柴油、原油乳化液的释放速率常数k2与外部水体中石油烃浓度无明显相关性,C Amax随外部水体中石油烃浓度的增大而增大.对模型的拟合优度检验结果显示,模型的拟合优度良好.0#柴油在缢蛏体内的富集量高于原油乳化液、释放量低于原油乳化液,其原因与不同种类石油的烃类组分有关.     

生物质炭对双季稻水稻土微生物生物量碳、氮及可溶性有机碳氮的影响

生物质炭可影响土壤微生物量,但生物质炭对双季稻田土壤微生物生物量碳、氮(MBC、MBN)及可溶性有机碳、氮(DOC、DON)的影响还不清楚.基于此,本研究选取亚热带2种典型双季稻田土壤(花岗岩母质发育的水稻土S1和第四纪红壤发育的水稻土S2)作为研究对象,开展室内培养试验来研究不施氮肥条件下生物质炭添加对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮及可溶性有机碳、氮的影响.每种土壤设置3个小麦秸秆生物质炭添加量,即土重的0%、1%和2%,分别用CK、LB和HB表示.培养70 d后,2种水稻土的MBC均值:S1为877. 03、832. 11和849. 30 mg·kg~(-1),S2为902. 94、874. 19和883. 22mg·kg~(-1). S1+LB、S1+HB和S2+LB均显著降低了土壤MBC均值(P 0. 05),这可能是由生物质炭吸附土壤有机碳及其他有机物,阻碍了微生物的生长而造成的. S1土壤中低生物质炭添加量较对照显著降低了土壤MBN均值(P 0. 05),降幅达9. 45%.生物质炭对S1土壤MBC/MBN均值影响不明显,但LB降低了S2土壤MBC/MBN均值(P 0. 05).由于生物质炭本身含有部分可溶性有机碳及其高p H值,添加到2种水稻土中均增加了土壤DOC均值,增幅分别达4. 42%～22. 20%和10. 57%～35. 47%.但生物质炭(除S2+HB处理)显著降低了土壤DON均值,这可能归因于生物质炭对土壤有机氮的吸附作用及生物质炭本身有机碳分解过程中对N的消耗作用.生物质炭显著增加了2种水稻土的DOC/DON均值,且随着生物质炭添加量的增加而增加.综上所述,在双季稻田土壤中单施生物质炭虽然可增加土壤可溶性有机碳,但对土壤微生物量有一定的降低作用,且会加重土壤氮亏缺状况.因此,在亚热带双季稻田中生物质炭应与化肥等配合施用.     

铜对缘管浒苔（Enteromorpha linza）的毒性效应

研究了铜对缘管浒苔（Ｅｎｔｅｒｏｍｏｒｐｈａｌｉｎｚａ）的毒性效应，试验了不同的配合剂对铜的毒性效应及累积量的影响。结果发现，铜对缘管浒苔的毒性效应阈值为０．１０ｍｇ／Ｌ；０．５０ｍｇ／ＬＣｕ￣（２＋）可使缘管浒苔迅速死亡，培养９６ｈ后光合作用强度下降为零。ＥＤＴＡ可抑制铜在藻体中的累积，缓解毒性；８－羟基喹啉则促进铜在藻体中的累积，加刷了毒性。和铜污染的培养介质短期接触（＜１ｍ后，加入足量ＥＤＴＡ，藻体生长和对照组相当，较长时间接触（＞４ｈ）后，ＥＤ－ＴＡ不能使藻恢复生长。结合ＥＤＴＡ“洗脱”实验提出，Ｃｕ￣（２＋）可能首先经离子交换机制结合于藻体表面，之后，才逐步向细胞内转移。     

可见光激发下模拟海水中四环素光降解的机制和路径

为了探明海水体系中多相光催化降解污染物的机制和路径,研究了在可见光激发下不同介孔TiO₂光催化降解纯水和模拟海水中四环素(TC)的过程,明确了不同盐离子对光催化降解过程的影响.结合自由基捕获实验,电子自旋共振(ESR)光谱和中间产物分析研究了光降解污染物的主要活性物种和模拟海水中TC降解途径.结果表明,模拟海水中TC光催化过程会受到显著抑制,手性介孔TiO₂催化剂对TC光降解反应速率相比其在纯水体系降低了70%左右,而非手性TiO₂光催化剂在海水体系中几乎不能降解TC.模拟海水中阴离子对光降解过程影响较小,但Mg²⁺和Ca²⁺存在会显著抑制光催化过程.无论在纯水还是模拟海水中,可见光激发后催化剂产生的活性物种都是空穴为主,因此模拟海水中降解路径与纯水体系中相同.盐离子不会抑制活性物种的产生,但Mg²⁺和Ca²⁺会富集在TC分子中电负性强的原子周边,阻碍空穴等对TC分子中电负性强原子的攻击,从而抑制了光催化降解效率.     

中国西南酸雨区降水化学特征研究进展

西南酸雨区为我国主要酸雨沉降区,且是全球三大喀斯特集中分布区之一.本文将该区9个地点的降雨资料进行了总结、整理和分析,数据包括pH值和主离子成分(Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-、Ca~(2+)、NH_4~+、Mg~(2+)、K~+、Na~+).该地区降雨中的主要阴离子为SO_4~(2-)和NO_3~-,主要阳离子为Ca~(2+)和NH_4~+.与我国其它地区相比,其酸性离子、碱性离子和总离子浓度均普遍高于东南地区、而低于我国北方地区.西南酸雨区主要以pH值为4.5~5.6的弱酸性降雨为主,占总降雨频次的58%左右.根据酸、碱性离子的相关性、中和因子等分析结果,该区雨水中的酸性物质可能受到了碱性离子的中和作用,其中起主要中和作用的离子为Ca~(2+)和NH_4~+.将该区雨水pH值和酸、碱性离子浓度与我国其它地区进行对比研究发现,西南酸雨区降雨受到的中和作用要强于东南地区,但弱于北方地区的降雨.通过对西南酸雨区降雨中主要离子来源的分析和估算,降雨中的酸性离子SO_4~(2-)和NO_3~-主要来自于人为污染;99.7%的Ca~(2+)和84.0%的Mg~(2+)为陆源贡献,这可能与西南地区碳酸盐岩广泛分布有关.     

Biofilm formation and lipopeptide antibiotic iturin A production in different peptone media

Biofilm fermentation is a newly developed promising technique in fermentation technology. In this study no.3 and no.3S media have been used for the lipopeptide antibiotic iturin A production by Bacillus subtilis RB14. The main component of no.3 and no.3S media is Polypepton and Polypepton S, respectively. B. subtilis RB14 produces thick stable biofilm and high amount of iturin A in no.3S medium. Whereas, impaired biofilm formation and lower iturin A production was observed in no.3 medium. From the analytical information it was observed that the amounts of metal ions, such as K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mn²⁺, cysteine and cellulose are lower in Polypepton compared to the Polypepton S. To investigate their effect on biofilm formation and iturin A production cysteine, cellulose, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mn²⁺ were added respectively into the no.3 medium at similar amount that Polypepton S contains. It was observed that individual addition of K⁺, Ca²⁺, cysteine and cellulose had no effect on biofilm formation, cellular growth induction or iturin A production. However, when Mn²⁺ was supplemented in no.3 medium, biofilm development was restored with an improved production of iturin A. Finally, combined addition of investigated substances into the no.3 medium resulted with highly folded, thick biofilm with high cellular growth and iturin A production compared to the original no.3 medium.     

嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对铜镉的吸附特性与离子交换

研究了投菌量、金属浓度和戊二醛浓度对嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌吸附水体中Cu2+和Cd2+特性的影响,分析了重金属生物吸附、NO3-去除与菌体离子释放的关联,从离子吸附、交换、转化与释放的角度探讨了重金属生物吸附机制.结果表明嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对Cu2+和Cd2+吸附性能良好,0.2 g·L-1干重菌体处理浓度为0.05 mmol·L-1的Cu(NO3)2和Cd(NO3)2溶液120 min后,Cu2+和Cd2+的吸附率分别达96.3%和83.9%.菌体对Cu(NO3)2和Cd(NO3)2溶液的吸附过程存在Cu2+和Cd2+的表面吸附与胞内运输、NO3-胞内积累、NO3-还原为NO2-等行为,而且Cu2+和Cd2+的胞内运输、NO3-积累和还原需要消耗能量,并会促进Cl-、PO43-、SO42-、Na+、NH4+、K+和Ca2+等离子的释放.红外光谱分析表明菌体酰胺基、羟基与羧基均参与了Cu2+和Cd2+的吸附.X-光电子能谱分析显示吸附后Cu2+和Cd2+的价态不发生变化.     

液/固体系Cu2+、Zn2+、Mn2+在硅藻土表面的吸附行为与特性

为了深入了解液/固体系Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Mn~(2+)在硅藻土表面的吸附行为与特性,为硅藻土在含重金属离子废水处理上的应用提供充分的理论依据,采用静态吸附试验对Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Mn~(2+)在硅藻土表面的吸附条件、性能、行为与特性进行了系统的研究.结果表明,硅藻土投加量和离子初始浓度对硅藻土吸附Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Mn~(2+)的影响均可归结为液/固比(液相离子与硅藻土的质量比)的影响,过高或过低的液固比均不利于吸附,硅藻土吸附Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Mn~(2+)所需的最佳液/固比分别为0.025、0.100和0.100.溶液初始pH值对硅藻土吸附Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Mn~(2+)的影响主要与溶液初始pH值与硅藻土等电点(2.0)之间的距离有关,接近或低于硅藻土等电点都不利于吸附,过高的pH值会使Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Mn~(2+)发生沉淀,也不利于吸附,硅藻土吸附Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Mn~(2+)所需的最适溶液初始pH值区间分别为4.0~6.0、4.0~7.0和4.0~7.0.溶液温度对硅藻土吸附Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Mn~(2+)的液膜扩散、颗粒扩散和吸附反应3个过程的影响不一致,导致对吸附量的影响无明显规律.硅藻土对Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Mn~(2+)的吸附分别符合Langmuir、Tenkin、Freundlish等温吸附模型,以物理吸附为主,吸附反应容易进行,在40 min达到平衡,吸附容量(25℃时)理论值分别为4.335、23.031、3.844 mg·g~(-1).吸附是自发的、吸热的、无序性增加,符合二级动力学模型.吸附速率的控制步骤为发生在孔道内部的吸附反应.     

Metal ion catalyzed oxidation of SO2 in the presence of trace H2O2 in aqueous solution under environmental reaction conditions

Aqueous phase oxidation of SO₂ or S(IV) by H₂O₂-metal ions at a H₂O₂ concentration much lower than S(IV), was studied using a continuously flowing stirred reactor. Of the metal ions, Fe²⁺ showed the highest catalytic activity, i.e. the oxidation of S(IV) continued after most of the H₂O₂ was consumed. The dependence of the rate on the concentration of S(IV), H₂O₂, Fe²⁺ or H⁺ and temperature was determined. The following rate expression and low apparent activation energy of 40.7 kJ mole⁻¹ were evaluated,−d[S(IV)]/dt=620[S(IV)]²[Fe²⁺]^0.5(molel⁻¹S⁻¹). The significance of this reaction as the sulfate formation in atmospheric water droplets is discussed and a comparison of the rate with others using H₂O₂, O₃ and dissolved O₂ catalyzed by metal ions is made.     

贵州清水江流域丰水期水化学特征及离子来源分析

对清水江流域丰水期河水离子浓度及组成特征分析表明,流域水化学组成以Ca2+、HCO-3离子为主,其次为Mg2+、SO2-4;TDS均值213.96 mg·L-1,高于世界流域均值.根据海盐校正分析得出,研究区大气降水中海盐输入对流域水化学的贡献率为2.23%,低于世界河流均值3%.Gibbs图结合离子比值分析表明,流域水化学主要受碳酸盐岩风化影响,越往下游硅酸盐岩化学风化贡献越明显,碳酸和硫酸同时参与了流域岩石风化过程.离子来源分析表明,Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO-3离子主要来自于白云石、方解石等碳酸盐岩风化溶解,Na+、K+、Cl-主要来源于硅酸盐岩风化;SO2-4和NO-3主要来源于大气酸沉降和城镇废水输入.人为活动影响分析表明上游工矿企业活动对清水江流域水化学影响明显.     

黄河三角洲浅层地下水化学特征及形成作用

黄河三角洲高效生态经济区开发建设和黄河下游生态调度均需要了解当地地下水化学特征.在沉积环境分区和补-径-排系统分区的基础上,采用数理统计与地统计、Piper三线图和离子比例系数等方法,对黄河三角洲浅层地下水化学特征及成因进行了系统研究.结果表明,①主要水化学参数Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cl-、SO24-、HCO3-和TDS的质量浓度分别介于0.1～25.0g.L-1、3.6～3 815.0 mg.L-1、5.6～3 377.0 mg.L-1、0.1～45.1 g.L-1、24.2～4 947.0 mg.L-1、62.6～850.0 mg.L-1和0.4～80.7 g.L-1之间,各离子质量浓度均值进一步表明区域内Cl-、Na+和TDS质量浓度很高,而HCO 3-、CO23-和K+质量浓度很低.②Cl-和TDS质量浓度沿地下水流向逐渐增大,二者均呈现显著的方向性空间变异和空间分布一致性,揭示了Cl-是浅层地下水水质的主控离子.③从补给区到排泄区,浅层地下水水化学类型由Na+-Mg2+-Ca2+-Cl--SO42-等复杂类型快速过渡到Na+-Mg2+-Ca2+-Cl-(或Mg2+-Na+-Ca2+-Cl-)及Na+-Mg2+-Cl-型,并在海岸滩涂区演化成Na+-Cl-这一简单类型的水.④混合、蒸发浓缩、溶滤、阳离子交替吸附作用及人类活动的影响是黄河三角洲地区浅层地下水化学成分形成的主要作用.该地区浅层地下水化学特征形成的关键驱动因素是黄河入海流路的变迁和海水入侵.     

微塑料对海水抗生素抗性基因的影响

水环境中的微塑料和微生物抗生素抗性基因复合污染已经发展成为全球性的重大环境问题,给人类健康和生态环境带来新的挑战.海水中的微塑料残留日益增加,但是不同种类微塑料对海水抗生素抗性基因的干扰和影响还不是很清楚.选择了聚乙烯（PE）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）和具有一定水溶性的聚乙烯醇（PVA）这3种乙烯基微塑料,采集海水并添加微塑料进行了曝气培养实验（49 d）,利用高通量定量PCR技术,研究微塑料对海水抗生素抗性基因的影响.结果表明,空白对照海水、添加PE海水、添加PVC海水和添加PVA海水抗生素抗性基因的种类分别为20、35、42和64种,微塑料使得海水中的抗生素抗性基因种类显著增多;在丰度水平上,空白对照海水、添加PE海水、添加PVC海水和添加PVA海水抗生素抗性基因的丰度分别为4.01×10⁶、2.75×10⁷、4.54×10⁷和1.05×10⁸ copies·L^-1,微塑料显著增加了海水中抗生素抗性基因的丰度.因此,相较于空白对照海水,微塑料显著增加了海水抗生素抗性基因多样性和丰度水平;OLS回归分析显示,抗生素抗性基因与16S rRNA基因和可移动遗传元件有着显著正相关关系,说明微生物的丰度和基因水平转移机制能够影响海水抗生素抗性基因的分布、存续和演变.     

Elements in the precipitation of S. Paulo City (Brazil)

Rainwater samples in S. Paulo city were collected on an event basis from October 1983 to October 1985 covering two dry and two rainy periods. Bulk samples only were obtained. At the same site and period, fine, coarse and inhalable particles were also collected. Na⁺, Ca²⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻ and NH₄⁺ contents were determined in rainwater samples, while Na, Ca, K, Cl and S concentrations were measured in aerosol samples. Rainwater is slightly acid (mean pH = 5.0), and contains high concentrations of Ca²⁺, NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻ and NH₄⁺. Dry and wet fluxes and washout ratios were determined for some elements. Results obtained suggest that the atmospheric composition in this city is strongly influenced by anthropogenic sources.     

贵州瓮安岚关磷矿元素特征及沉积环境分析

为了详细研究贵州瓮安岚关地区晚震旦世灯影期元素特征及沉积环境演化,对该区广泛发育的叠层石磷块岩进行了系统采样分析。结果表明,叠层石磷块岩中较高的Ca/(Ca+Fe)值及纹层构造的发育,指示研究区沉积期属于超咸水环境;而Sr/Ba值则说明沉积期古海水盐度发生多次改变。微量元素总量、Sr含量以及1000×(Sr/Ca)值等反映沉积期瓮安岚关一带水体深度较浅,水深变化频繁。Fe的存在形式、V/Cr及Ceanom值说明沉积期岚关地区处于一个较为氧化环境中。而Al/Ti值及Mg/Ca值则说明沉积期岚关地区降雨量较多,古气候较潮湿。     

壳聚糖/聚乙二醇/丙烯酸吸附剂对Cu2+、Co2+和Ni2+的吸附选择性和重复利用性

采用扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FT-IR)对辉光放电电解等离子体(GDEP)技术引发制备的壳聚糖/聚乙二醇/丙烯酸(CS/PEG/AA)聚合物吸附剂的形貌和结构进行了表征.研究了该吸附剂对Cu~(2+)、Co~(2+)和Ni~(2+)的吸附选择性、重复利用性和解吸动力学行为,同时结合X射线光电子能谱(XPS)探讨了可能的吸附机理.结果表明,CS、PEG和AA发生接枝共聚形成聚合物,其表面呈现疏松、多孔的三维网络结构;吸附最佳pH为4.8;在含有Cu~(2+)、Co~(2+)和Ni~(2+)的混合溶液中,CS/PEG/AA对Cu~(2+)有较好的吸附选择性;在EDTA-4Na洗脱液中CS/PEG/AA具有优异的再生和重复利用性,解吸动力学符合解吸准二级模型;Cu~(2+)在CS/PEG/AA上的吸附是由离子交换、配位螯合等共同作用的复杂的物理化学过程.