Simultaneous oxidation of NO, SO2 and Hg0 from flue gas by pulsed corona discharge

A process capable of oxidizing NO, SO2 and Hg0 was proposed simultaneously, which utilized a high-voltage and short-duration positive pulsed corona discharge. By focusing on NO, SO2, and Hg0 oxidation efficiencies, the influences of pulse peak voltage, pulse frequency, initial concentration, electrode number, residence time and water vapor addition were investigated. The results indicate that NO, SO2 and Hg0 oxidation efficiencies depend primarily on the radicals (OH, HO2, O) and the active species (O3, H2O2), etc. produced by the pulsed corona discharge. The NO, SO2 and Hg0 oxidation efficiencies improved as increasing pulse peak voltage, pulse frequency, electrode number and residence time, while they are reduced with an increasing initial concentration. By adding water vapor, SO2 oxidation efficiency is improved remarkably, while NO oxidation efficiency is decreased slightly. In our experiments, the simultaneous NO, SO2, and Hg0 oxidation efficiencies reached to 40%, 98% and 55% with the initial concentrations 479 mg/m3, 1040 mg/m3, and 15.0 ug/m3, respectively.     

脉冲放电除尘中颗粒的荷电研究

脉冲电除尘电晕放电状态不同于传统的直流电除尘。脉冲电晕放电在脉冲期间产生大量的高能电子,使颗粒在电场中进行电子荷电。窄脉冲放电电晕区可覆盖整个电极间区域,荷电区域内既有电子,也有正离子和负离子,电子能量远高于离子能量,正负离子数量不平衡。粒子荷电过程分2个阶段,在脉冲放电期内为电子荷电,脉冲期过后为离子荷电。     

水蒸气电晕放电下的烟气脱硫效果

采用多针-板式电极,在70 m³/h烟气流量范围内,研究了水蒸气浓度、烟气流量、电场强度等因素对不饱和水蒸气正直流电晕放电烟气脱硫率的影响以及水蒸气电晕放电对脉冲放电烟气脱硫率的提高.研究结果表明,实验范围内,按照NH₃∶SO₂摩尔比为2∶1添加NH3的条件下,增加水蒸气流量、增强电场强度、减少烟气流量,烟气脱硫率能提高10%,达到60%左右.同时,水蒸气电晕放电能使脉冲放电的烟气脱硫率提高5%左右,达到90%以上.     

直流电晕自由基簇射治理甲苯的试验研究

利用直流电晕自由基簇射对甲苯有机废气进行试验,分别考察了有机污染物浓度、温度、电压、湿度和停留趑时间等不同因素对去除率的影响.试验结果表明,降低气体温度和一定的湿度能够提高脱除效率,电压增高可以提高脱除效率,停留时间长使得脱除效率升高,但能量效率降低.有机物的浓度增大,会使得脱除效率降低,但同时能提高能量的利用效率.本实验的目的旨在为降解烟气中的多环芳烃(二噁英等)打下基础.     

多针-水膜电极电晕放电脱硫研究

采用不锈钢多针作为高压电极系统,水膜为低压电极.负直流高压电源供电,含二氧化硫(SO2)的污染气体从高压电极系统的轴向进入,沿着电晕放电电场从水膜上方通过,在电晕放电等离子体和水吸收共同作用下,生成硫酸使SO2得到脱除.主要研究了放电电压、气体中SO2初始浓度和气体在电极系统的停留时间对脱硫效果的影响,并测试了水中SO32-和SI42-离子浓度,分析SO2脱除机制.结果表明,电晕放电和水吸收对SO2脱除具有很好的协同作用,脱硫效果明显升高,SO2转变生成硫酸量的体积分数提高;脱硫效果随电压增加和停留时间的增加而增加,初始浓度对脱硫效果有影响.当SO2初始浓度(体积分数)为430×10-6,施加电压为14.5 kV,停留时间为7.5 s时,脱硫效率达90%以上.     

Destruction of 4-phenolsulfonic acid in water by anodic contact glow discharge electrolysis

Destruction of 4-phenolsulfonic acid (4-PSA) in water was carried out using anodic contact glow discharge electrolysis. Accompanying the decay of 4-PSA, the amount of total organic carbon (TOC) in water correspondingly decreased, while the sulfonate group of 4- PSA was released as sulfate ion. Oxalate and formate were obtained as minor by-products. Additionally, phenol, 1,4-hydroquinone, hydroxyquinol and 1,4-benzoquinone were detected as primary intermediates in the initial stages of decomposition of 4-PSA. A reaction pathway involving successive attacks of hydroxyl and hydrogen radicals was assumed on the basis of the observed products and kinetics. It was revealed that the decay of both 4-PSA and TOC obeyed a first-order rate law. The effects of different Fe ions and initial concentrations of 4-PSA on the degradation rate were investigated. It was found that the presence of Fe ions could increase the degradation rate of 4-PSA, while initial concentrations lower than 80 mmol/L had no significant effect on kinetic behaviour. The disappearance rate of 4-PSA was significantly affected by pH.     

Effect of activated NH3 on SO2 removal by pulse coronadischarge plasma in flue gas

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填充式电晕法处理二氧化硫的实验研究

主要研究了电晕放电等离子体法处理二氧化硫的效果。通过电晕放电产生大量的氧化性很强的自由基 ,在它们的作用下 ,与二氧化硫发生一系列的物理和化学反应 ,从而达到去除二氧化硫的目的。同时提出加入适当电介质增强放电强度的方法 ,以达到降低成本的目的     

Destruction of VOCs by combination of corona discharge and catalysis techniques

The catalytic effect of alumina on the destruction of toluene, benzene, acetone and methanol, in DC pulsed corona discharge reactor was studied. In the presence of alumina the inlet concentration of the VOCs was varied from 5 x 10-6 mol/L to 80% x 10-6 mol/L, and their decomposition efficiency (conversion %) was found to be 99%-80% for toluene, 99%-97% for benzene, 95%-92% for acetone, and 72%-85% for methanol. Corresponding decomposition in the absence of alumina was 90%-38% for toluene, 89%-57% forbenzene, 42%-30% for acetone, and 47%-19% for methanol. Feed gas flow rate was 400 cm3/min and power reading from DC source was 7.4 W in all of the experiments. Alumina also shifted the CO/CO2 ratio in the by-products in favor of CO2. Ozone concentration at the reactor outlet was higher in the presence of alumina. Enhancement in VOCs decomposition by alumina was explained on the basis of higher concentration of ozone and its precursor atomic oxygen [O].Decomposition efficiency (conversion %) for individual compounds was found to be inversely proportional to the ionization potential of the compound, under identical conditions. Double DC high voltage sources pulse generator was tested and found to improve VOCs decomposition compared with the conventional single DC high voltage source.     

Effects of temperature and discharge parameters on ozone concentration of negative corona discharge

The relationship of the ozone generation and the heating power, corona wire surface temperature, discharge electrode and netting electrode was studied during the negative corona discharge. The experimental results showed that the ozone concentration reduced with applied voltage decrease. With heating power increase, the ozone concentration of unit current decreased at exponential rate and it almost change no longer over 0.40 W. Under given temperature, the lower the applied voltage was, the smaller the ozone concentration was; while under given applied voltages, only over 11 kV could decrease with the surface temperature increase. The ozone concentration decreased with the lengthening of corona wire, and could reduced to 10 ppb under experimental condition of 14.2 kV; it also decreased with the shortening of wire diarmeter,and could decrease 67% at best in the given condition. Moreover, it decreased with the increasing size of netting electrode mesh. At the anion current of 1.65 μA, the ozone concentration of 5.0 x 5.0 cm^2 is only 41% of that of 3.3 x 3.3 cm^2 .     

介质阻挡放电中添加乙炔对NO脱除的影响

利用介质阻挡放电(DBD)进行模拟烟气脱除NO实验,通过改变乙炔体积分数和烟气水蒸汽含量研究添加乙炔对NO脱除效率的影响.结果表明:烟气中添加乙炔强化了NO氧化作用,随着乙炔体积分数的提高,NO脱除率逐渐增加.在NO/N2/O2/C2H2/H2O体系中,水的电负性和离解反应消耗大量高能电子,降低了活性自由基的生成,NO脱除速率随之减慢;能量密度低于400 J·L-1时,相对湿度(RH)为0的情况下脱出效果最好.但随着能量密度的增加,H2O不会影响最终的NO脱除率;H2O的添加可以产生更多的·OH自由基,促进NO2向HNO3转化,使出口NO2浓度大幅度降低.     

Fereducer反应强化直流电晕自由基簇射治理苯

为强化直流电晕自由基簇射对含苯废气的去除,采用Fereducer反应进行实验研究.将含Fereducer试剂的电极气引入反应器中,在苯浓度分别为953mg/m³和63mg/m³时,其去除率提高了21%和4.2%.电极气(O₂、H₂O)的存在对苯的脱除起了不同程度的促进作用,最高可达89.6%.苯的初始浓度较低时脱除效率较高,但高浓度下的绝对去除量较大.     

电晕氧化结合化学吸收脱除烟气中NO2实验研究

实验研究了直流电晕湿空气自由基簇射结合25%的NaOH溶液吸收的NOx脱除过程．结果表明：通过调节流过喷嘴电极中的空气流量,可以得到稳定的流光电晕;空气中水蒸汽对NOx脱除效率有影响;在反应器内同时有HNO2和HNO3生成;实验工况下,反应器NOx转化率45％以上,经吸收液吸收后系统总脱氮效率可达70％．     

脉冲放电条件下用高炉煤气洗涤水脱硫的研究

采用自行设计的针-针式电极结构的等离子体反应器装置,在脉冲电晕放电作用下利用武汉钢铁(集团)公司2#焦炉的高炉煤气洗涤水进行了烟气脱硫模拟试验,考察了喷淋水种类、循环次数、液气比、电压峰值对SO2去除效果的影响,并对脱硫的产物进行了分析;考察了脉冲放电、SO2对氰化物去除效果的影响.研究结果表明:高炉煤气洗涤水具有较好...     

脉冲电晕脱硫技术中的氨泄漏问题研究

本文针对脉冲电晕等离子体脱硫技术中的氨泄漏问题，采用无声放电电晕和高压直流电晕对氨气在加入反应器前进行活化处理。实验结果表明，利用电晕放电对氨气进行活化处理可显著提高脱硫效率，有效地减少氨泄漏     

同轴流光电晕放电消除硫化氢试验研究

利用脉冲流光电晕放电消除臭气硫化氢Ｈ２Ｓ。对负脉冲供电、正脉冲供电和直流供电情况下,Ｈ２Ｓ消除效率及能量利用率进行了比较。结果表明脉冲流光电晕放电消除Ｈ２Ｓ是有效的。在负脉冲流光电晕放电过程中,Ｈ２Ｓ消除效率可达８８％,能量利用率为６．７４ｇ（ｋＷ·ｈ）。与负脉冲供电相同工作条件下,正脉冲流光电晕放电过程Ｈ２Ｈ消除效率为４５％,能量利用率为２．２７ｇ（ｋｗ·ｈ）。     

不同离子在CCl_4引发自由基反应中的作用及其环境生物学意义

报道了一种简便的CCl_4 体外引发自由基反应的模型 ,以小鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化产物丙二醛 (MDA)的OD_(53 2nm) 值(MDA OD_(53 2nm)作为测定自由基反应的间接指标 ,研究了Hg~(2 ) 、Mn~(2 ) 、Ni~(2 ) 、Cd~(2 ) 、Cr3 、SeO3 2 -等离子和As2 O3 水溶液在CCl4 引发自由基反应体系中的作用 .结果表明 :Mn2 能显著抑制自由基的生成 ,Cr3 有一定的抑制作用 ,而Hg2 对自由基产生有明显促进作用 ,其它离子的作用不明显 .就CCl4 与无机离子相互作用的环境生物学意义进行了探讨 .     

电场与放电杀菌技术应用于饮用水安全消毒的研究

使用空气隔离-同轴降膜反应器对饮用水进行电场和放电杀菌,在输入电压10 kV、频率12.5 kHz、处理时间50 s时,细菌总数分别减少了3.77和3.85个数量级.研究结果表明,放电杀菌的能量利用率及杀菌效率均高于电场杀菌.流式细胞仪和荧光电镜检测发现,电场和放电杀菌均对细菌蛋白质造成损伤,且电场处理过的细菌存在可进行损伤修复的亚致死细胞,而放电杀菌则不存在亚致死现象,表明放电杀菌具有较高的杀灭率.杀菌过程中活性自由基检测结果表明电场杀菌技术不会产生自由基等活性物质,相比较而言电场杀菌具有较高的安全性.     

窄脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫产物收集研究

对窄脉总电晕等离子体烟气脱硫过程中的产物收集进行了研究与探讨，结果表明正脉冲流注电晕放电烟气脱硫过程中产生的电粉尘以及电晕极肥大等问题，对脱硫产物的收集有很大影响。     

氨和脉冲电晕脱硫脱硝的试验研究

利用氨对SO₂的中和反应和纳秒高压脉冲电晕产生的活化自由基对SO₂和ＮＯ的氧化作用脱除燃煤锅炉排放烟气中的SO₂和ＮＯ。试验结果表明:氨脱硫效率很高,但对ＮＯ不产生作用;氨和脉冲电晕共同作用于烟气中的SO₂具有理想的脱硫效果。